If you want to remember more and remember more in history study, the key lies in understanding, because only the knowledge that you really understand will not be forgotten. History class, like other classes, you must pay attention to the lecture. Some students think it doesn't matter whether they listen in class or not. Anyway, they can understand the content of the text and can cope with it as long as they recite it before the exam. This idea is very wrong. Although some simple contents can be memorized by rote, more complicated contents cannot be memorized by rote. There is a lot of historical knowledge that must be understood, such as what this knowledge is, why it is like this, what is the significance, what is the impact, and so on. Therefore, we should grasp the causal relationship and ins and outs of historical phenomena; If you don't concentrate on the teacher's analysis and explanation in class, you won't think positively with your brain. If you fantasize about cramming for the exam, you will inevitably be irritable or arrogant when you improvise, while others are helpless and confused.

2. Be good at simplifying and simplifying.

Some historical events and phenomena are so complicated that we can't memorize them by rote. We can take some effective measures to simplify complex things as much as possible for memory. The main methods are as follows:

(1) formula memory method. When answering some complicated historical questions, just like solving math learning problems, we can sum up some basic formulas and then memorize and answer them according to the formulas. Such as historical events = time+place+people+simple process+result+meaning. After = preparation+occurrence+result. Meaning = function+characteristics+influence. People = name+times+deeds (including thoughts, activities or works)+influence. Works = author+year of writing+content+meaning (or influence). In this way, complex content can be simplified and summarized, and network memory can be formed. In other words, you can quickly remember the basic content by grasping several points as fulcrums and then expanding them. Mastering this method can get twice the result with half the effort when remembering important historical events, historical figures and famous works at home and abroad.

(2) Comparative memory method. Human history has developed according to certain laws. In the process of its development, various historical events or phenomena are related to some extent, and at the same time, they are restricted by time and space, which makes them have their own characteristics. Comparative memory method is to classify and compare two or more related events or characters, and find out their similarities and differences to prevent them from being conceited. Comparative memory method is an important memory method in history learning. The specific methods are as follows: ① Comparing historical phenomena with the same nature but different characteristics, such as the comparison between Qin and Sui, the comparison between Han and Tang dynasties, etc. ② Compare some historical phenomena with similar performances but different natures, distinguish different natures and form different concepts. ③ Comprehensive comparison of historical events with the same nature but occurring in different periods to distinguish similarities and differences. For example, many unequal treaties in modern China and their influence on China society. ④ Comparison between China and foreign countries. For example, the comparison between the four countries that first entered the slave society in the world, the comparison between China and Western Europe entering the feudal society, and the comparison between China's ancient economic and technological development and the West.

(3) List graphic method. Tabular graphic method is a method to connect similar knowledge and form a system according to the characteristics of historical events, which makes many historical facts and complex contents clear and coherent, and achieves the effect of simplifying the complex. The biggest advantage of the list method is that it is concise and eye-catching, and it is an effective method to help memory, especially in the memory of complex historical materials. Such as ancient political reform (political reform), major battles, scientific and cultural achievements; Five wars of aggression against China by foreign invaders in modern history and two important meetings of the Party in China's modern history; Three major religions in world history, bourgeois revolution, two world wars and so on.

(4) Association method. It can be divided into vertical correlation and horizontal correlation. Vertical association is to grasp the main points of a historical knowledge and make it coherent, that is, based on a historical fact, it can be linked to both the previous historical events and the subsequent events. From point to line, you can remember the contents of these historical knowledge. For example, the Japanese occupation of China's territory, Taiwan Province Province, can be traced back to 230 AD when Sun Quan sent Wei Wen to Yizhou (that is, Taiwan Province Province), Yang Di sent people to Taiwan Province Province three times, the Penghu Inspection Department was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province in the Qing Dynasty and established the Taiwan Government. From this series of events, we can draw a conclusion that Taiwan Province Province has been the territory of China since ancient times. To put it simply, it was not until the late World War II that the Cairo Declaration clearly stipulated that the Japanese must return the occupied China territory. It was not until the victory of World War II that Taiwan Province Province returned to the motherland, and the Japanese occupied China and Taiwan Province for 50 years. In this way, the historical knowledge about Taiwan Province Province will be connected. The horizontal association method relates different historical events at home and abroad in the same period, or similar historical events in different periods. The third and fourth volumes of "Society" in junior high school study Chinese and foreign history together, which requires us to focus on the history of China and link Chinese and foreign historical knowledge. For example, when we talk about Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China in the Ming Dynasty, we will think of Egyptian hieroglyphics, cuneiform characters in the two river basins and Latin characters in Europe.

(5) String method. Events or characters with a parallel relationship can be memorized by string method, that is, the related contents are connected in series according to the order of the text, and only the first word of each content is memorized. For example, the five contents of Wang Anshi's political reform can be simplified as "youth, fundraising, agriculture, party and security"; The four important international conferences in the late World War II can be simplified as "opening, morality, elegance and waves". This simplified method can help you remember the text quickly.

3. Remember names, places and years skillfully.

The important feature of historical knowledge is that there are many names, places and ages that need to be memorized. If these are removed, it will not become history. Learning history and remembering names, places and years are indispensable basic skills. Naturally, it takes a lot of effort, but it's not just rote learning. There are also feasible scientific memory methods.

(1) Write down your name. By remembering the names of some important people in history, we can grasp the characteristics of some people to strengthen our memory. For example, the emperors in the Han Dynasty were all surnamed Liu, the emperors in the Song Dynasty were surnamed Zhao, and the emperors in the Jin Dynasty were surnamed Sima.

There are two ways to remember people's names: string method and homophonic method, which are especially suitable for remembering foreigners' names. Homophonic method is to understand foreigners' names according to their homophonic Chinese characters, so that the original meaningless syllables can be turned into meaningful nouns or phrases, which is easy to remember. Some people might as well give them a nickname, and use homophonic method (nickname) to remember names as smoothly and vividly as possible to prevent vulgarity and vulgarity. For historical figures, we should not only remember the pronunciation, but also write correctly. If you misspell, all your previous efforts will be in vain. For example, "Huan" is written as "Heng", "Ying Zheng" is written as "Ying Zheng" and so on.

(2) Remember the place names. Many place names are often remembered in history study, especially ancient and modern synonyms and foreign place names, which make beginners feel headache and become a stumbling block in learning. How to remember these place names?

First of all, when learning historical place names, we must use the atlas to deepen our understanding, grasp the geographical position and form a correct spatial representation. If you study the chapter "China ancient foreign economic exchanges", there are many place names to remember. You must find its position in front of a book or atlas in order to remember it. When studying the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty, we can remember one center (Luoyang), two points (from northeast to Zhuo Jun and from southeast to Yuhang) and four sections (from north to south) only by looking at the atlas, otherwise we will get the direction wrong. Military place names in Chinese and foreign history should be remembered with the help of atlas and various marks in it.

Secondly, when remembering place names, you should carefully look at the comparison table of ancient and modern place names under the historical map in the textbook, so as not to mistake the place names with the same ancient and modern names but not the same place. For example, in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, and the textbook indicated Yingtian as "Shangqiu, Henan"; 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang officially proclaimed himself emperor, and established the Ming Dynasty, with its capital in Yingtian, where Yingtian was in Nanjing, Jiangsu. Two "Ying Tian" are not the same place. If you don't read the notes in the textbook or atlas, you will be mistaken for a place.

(3) Remember your age. The concept of time is an important part of historical knowledge and one of the characteristics of historical discipline. Chinese and foreign history stretches for thousands of years (two or three million years from the original population), and there are also one or two hundred years that need to be mastered. Remember that these important years are not only the important content of history study, but also the most difficult aspect for beginners.

So how can we remember the historical era faster and faster?

First, distinguish between before and after A.D., and master the age and century exchange algorithm. When studying the ancient history of China and the world, many students often only remember the number of the year, but they can't tell whether it is BC or AD. How can we tell the difference between the two? Introduce a simple method: if it is the history of China, as long as we grasp the matter of Wang Mang's restructuring in 8 AD, everything that happened before it (that is, with the Western Han Dynasty as the boundary) is BC, and everything after it is AD; World history can be bounded by Octavian's establishment of the head of state system in Rome in 27 BC. Everything before this was BC, and everything after that was AD. For example, the Spartan Uprising took place in 73 BC, while Ban Chao's mission to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty was in 73 AD.

A century is 100 year. Some students think that the conversion between years and centuries can be just divided by or multiplied by 100, which is actually wrong. For example, the British bourgeois revolution in 1640 was17th century, and 1994 was not19th century, but 20th century. Similarly, the Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in China, was founded in 2 1 century BC, not 2 100 years BC, but more than 2,000 years BC. Because 1 is 1 century, 10 1 year is the 2nd century, and 100 1 year is1century, 200/kloc-. Therefore, if you change the century into a year, you have to subtract 1 from the century number and multiply it by 100. Similarly, divide the century number by 100 and add 1 to get the century number.

Second, associative memory method. There are some important events in history that have gone through the same time, such as the national unification of the Sui Dynasty (58 1-589), the Anshi Rebellion (755-763), War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937- 1945), and the American War of Independence (/kloc-).

Third, comparative memory method. In China and other parts of the world, several major events sometimes happen in the same era (or century). If we put them together, we can easily remember them. For example, in 594 BC, Lu implemented the initial tax mu and Solon reform in Athens; 19 19, the may 4th movement in China, the Paris peace conference, the establishment of the third international and so on.

Fourth, use digital features to remember. People in some times are very special, and it is easy to remember if they are arranged together.

A natural number arrangement: Mongolia destroyed gold 1234, and the French bourgeois revolution began at 1789.

B The two numbers are the same: 1665438+ Jin After the establishment of Nurhachi in 2006, 18 18, the birth of Marx, 19 19, the May 4th Movement.

C. The first and last numbers are the same: 365,438+03 Christianity gained legal status in the Roman Empire, the Battle of Surabaya in 383, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang in 494, Japan was transformed into a new one in 646, Silla unified the Korean Peninsula in 676, and the split of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries in the Northern Song Dynasty ended in 979.

D. Same time interval: There are historical events with time intervals of 2 years, 10 years, 100 years and 200 years in the history of China and the history of the world, which can be used to calculate the years or events, making it easy to remember.

Two years apart: 19 1 1 Xinhai revolution, 19 13 second revolution, 19 15 national protection movement,19/kloc.

Time interval 10 years: 185 1 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution broke out, 186 1 Russia abolished serfdom, 187 1 Paris Commune Revolution, 1 Sudan. 1884 Sino-French War, 1894 Sino-Japanese War, 1904 Russo-Japanese War, 19 14 World War I, 1924 First Revolutionary Civil War, 1934 Red Army Long March. 190 1 The Treaty of Xin and Chou,191The Revolution of 1911, 192 1 The China * * * Production Party was founded,/kloc-.

100 years apart, such as: 1492 Columbus arrived in America, 1592 North Korea resisted Japan; 1 127 Jin destroyed the northern song dynasty, 1227 Mongolia destroyed Xixia.

200 years apart: the British bourgeois revolution began at 1640, which is the beginning of modern world history; /kloc-the first opium war broke out in 0/840, which was the beginning of China's modern history.

Ten methods of memorizing history.

A, classified memory method

Sorting and classifying historical knowledge can make knowledge organized and systematic, which is not only convenient for students to remember, but also can cultivate their inductive ability. For example, after "Ancient History of China" is finished, the contents of textbooks can be classified according to centralization, social and economic development, tax system evolution, land system development, scientific and cultural development, ethnic relations, foreign relations, peasant uprising and peasant war. For another example, the content of China's ancient cultural history can be classified according to the clues of astronomy, medicine, agriculture, scientific and technological works, painting and so on. Through classification, students can get twice the result with half the effort in consolidating knowledge.

Second, the "centralized" memory method

"Centralized" mnemonic method is to summarize and condense some complicated contents into several main points, so that students can grasp the key points in an outline. And if you expand the main points, you can present the original appearance of historical content.

For example, World War I can be "condensed" into the following points;

Background: The two military blocs formed by the imperialist countries to carve up the world again frantically expanded their troops to prepare for war, which aggravated the war crisis.

Time:1914 ~1918.

After: (1) Three fronts. Namely: East Line, West Line and South Line. (2) Five major battles. Namely: Battle of Marne, Battle of Lake mazur, Battle of Verdun, Battle of Somme, Battle of jutland.

Nature and consequences: This is a predatory and unjust war between imperialists. It has brought profound disasters to the people of the belligerent countries; The first socialist country, the Soviet Union, appeared.

Example 2, the clue to the development of the American War of Independence, mainly grasps six points: (1) outbreak: Lexington artillery fire. (2) Army building: The Second Continental Congress decided to establish a continental army. (3) People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded: the Declaration of Independence was issued. (4) Turning point: Saratoga is more agile. (5) Victory: British troops in Yorktown surrendered. (6) Peace Treaty: Britain and the United States signed a peace treaty.

Third, the string memory method

Through cross-linking, the same type of historical events or the activities of the same person in different periods are presented to students according to the clues of historical development, which is convenient for students to understand and consolidate. For example, the evolution of the tax system in the ancient history of China can be arranged as follows:

(1) The "first tax mu" of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

(2) the "household registration system" in the Western Han Dynasty.

(3) The lease agreement and corvee system in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

(4) Tenancy system in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

(5) Late Tang tax law.

(6) A whipping method in the late Ming Dynasty.

(7) Divide fields into mu in Qing Dynasty, and levy silver.

Another example is the content of Li Dazhao's main revolutionary activities in the textbook "History of China" in junior high school, which is scattered in some chapters of volumes two and three. When I was teaching, I organized it into: (1) leading the new culture movement; (2) leading the May 4th Movement; (3) Establish a weekly review. Propaganda of Marxism; (4) Participate in the establishment of China * * * producer; (five) to participate in the formation of the United front of the two parties and the revolutionary class in China; (6) 1927 died heroically in Beijing.

Fourth, the memory method of songs and rhymes.

It is difficult for students to remember the historical year, historical dynasty, political name of a dynasty or feudal emperor by ordinary methods. Others can be made into songs. For example, the positions of the seven warring States countries can be arranged as follows:

Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han.

Southeast, northwest to the middle.

For example, the names of the five dynasties and ten countries after the Tang Dynasty can be compiled as:

Five Dynasties: Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou, before and after.

Ten countries: South, North, Han, Fujian, Chu, Wu,

Shu before and after Nanping in the Southern Tang Dynasty,

And wuyue is not negligent.

Five, interesting memory method

Students with interesting knowledge are impressed and have a solid memory. Therefore, teaching should be carried out according to students of different grades, combined with the contents of textbooks, and methods such as telling historical stories, quoting poems and couplets, making up riddles or using homophones can be used to make students feel novel, arouse students' interest and improve the memory effect. For example, when I was talking about the Battle of the Julu, I simply added the idiom allusions of "cross the rubicon". When talking about the Chu-Han war, add allusions such as "the last battle" and "besieged on all sides". Recite Su Shi's poems such as "Red Cliff Nostalgia" when he talks about Battle of Red Cliffs. Talking about Shang Yang's reform, telling students to remember the time of the first 359 years with the homonym of "owing three pots of wine" can play a very good role.

Six, regular memory method

Historical development has its regularity. Revealing the law of historical development can provide reference for predicting the future development direction and help students form the position, viewpoint and method of historical materialism. For example, regardless of the content of China history or world history, first of all, I ask students to pay attention to its contents, and make clear the law of social development in the content of textbooks. In addition, we can analyze and compare major historical events from the aspects of background, process, result and influence, and find out the law. For example, when analyzing the causes of the peasant uprising in ancient China, although the direct reasons are different, the fundamental reasons are nothing more than: (1) cruel criminal law, heavy taxes, corvee and military service; (2) The land is highly concentrated; (3) Natural disasters and so on.

Seven, associative memory method

When teaching confusing historical events, years and concepts, we can use the method of association to help students distinguish them. For example, the Arab Empire is called "Big Food" in the history books of China. The three caliphates are called black grain, green grain and white grain respectively. Students learn by rote and often make mistakes. I described it this way during this period of history: the caliphate of Baghdad is located near the desert, with a hot climate and people blackened by the sun, so it is called black grain; Cairo caliphate is located in the lower Nile Delta, with fertile land and lush crops, so it is called green food. Located on the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean, the caliphate country of Cordoba overlooks the sea and is boundless and white, so it is called a free food. As soon as the geographical environment of the three countries is associated with the country names, it is easy for students to remember them.

Eight, graphic memory method

The graphic method is characterized by image, intuition and clarity. I'm talking about the formation of feudal countries in western Europe. I used the following picture in this class:

(The drawings are omitted)

After the teacher shows this chart, it can help students understand the central content of this lesson. Understand how the major feudal countries in western Europe were slowly established. Another example is when talking about the territory in the early Qing dynasty, I will use the coordinate graphic method:

(The drawings are omitted)

The blackboard design of graphic method can be diversified. It can vividly reveal the relationship between complex historical phenomena, not only inspire students to think positively, but also help students remember knowledge.

Nine, comparative memory method

It can only be identified by comparison. The so-called comparison is to compare historical events with the same or similar nature and find out the similarities and differences. For example, in 594 BC, Solon of Athens carried out reforms to expand the foundation of slavery; In the same year, during the Spring and Autumn Period in China, Lu implemented the "initial tax mu", which marked the disintegration of the state-owned land system in the slave society in China. For another example, the demise of the Western Roman Empire in 457 marked the beginning of Western Europe's entry into the feudal society, while China entered the feudal society from the Warring States Period in 475 BC, nearly 1000 years earlier than Western Europe.

The content of comparison is very rich. If we compare the slogans put forward by previous peasant uprisings in ancient China, we will realize that the level of peasant struggle is constantly improving. By comparing the contents of treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki and the Treaty of Xin Chou, we know how China society gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. We can also compare the background and process of bourgeois revolution in Britain, America and France, and the Meiji Restoration in Japan and the Reform Movement of 1898 in China.

Ten, repeated memory method

Confucius said, "Review the past and learn the new". Review is one of the important means to consolidate knowledge. In teaching, teachers should: first, guide students to grasp key points, overcome difficulties, and repeatedly emphasize historical factors in class. Create various conditions so that the time, place, people, content, nature, significance, cause and effect of the event are firmly imprinted on students' minds. Second, after-class exercises require students to briefly describe what they have learned in class in their own language, and fully answer the questions behind the text and the questions raised by the teacher according to the contents of the textbook. Third, unit exercises, that is, unit review for students, focusing on some teaching materials. Enable students to further deepen their understanding of teaching materials and consolidate their knowledge. Fourth, comprehensive training is a comprehensive review and training for students after the teaching of a certain dynastic history. The purpose is to let students know the basic clues of historical development. Summarize, compare, analyze and evaluate important historical events and historical figures from the perspective of historical materialism, and further enhance students' ability to remember, express, observe and analyze problems.