1, Nurhachi
Qing Taizu Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi (1559.2.21-1626.9.30) was founded in the Qing Dynasty:1616.02./kloc-0.
At the age of twenty-five, he started to unify the ministries of Jurchen, pacify the pass in the east of China, and established the post-Jin Dynasty in the forty-fourth year of Wanli, and established the separatist regime in Liaodong, thus establishing Yuan's fate. After the Battle of Salhu, he moved to Shenyang. After that, it swept Liaodong, and the Ming Dynasty captured more than 70 cities in Liaoning.
1626, the battle of Ningyuan City was defeated. In April of the same year, Nurhachi led a large army to levy Halka in Mongolia. In mid-July, Nurhachi died of gangrene and was buried in Fuling, Shenyang.
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, he was honored as the Emperor Taizu of the Qing Dynasty. posthumous title: a high emperor who inherited heaven and earth, spread virtue widely, made great contributions to humanity, filial piety, segment, made great achievements and was safe.
2. Huang taiji
Qing Taizong, Huang Taiji, Ai Xinjue Roche. Born in Hetuala (present-day West Old Town, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province) on October 25th in the 20th year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (Renchen, AD 1592). The eighth son of Nuerhachi, the eighth son of Qing Taizu, is the daughter of the filial piety queen Ye Henara. On-the-job:162610/October 20th-1643 September 2nd1.
Huang taiji was named Heshuo Baylor in the first year of the Late Jin Dynasty (A.D. 16 16), ranking fourth among the four Baylers according to age. In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven (1626), on the first day of the ninth lunar month, it was recommended by three other Baylor in Shenyang, and the era was brilliant.
After Huang taiji succeeded to the throne, he followed the historical development trend and promoted the feudal process of the post-Jin regime. He sent people to measure the land, turned over the "houses everywhere" to the public and distributed them to the people for farming. The nobles of the flag owners were not allowed to set up farms again.
The original 65,438+03 able-bodied men became a village instead of every 8 able-bodied men. "The rest of the Han people separated from each other and became civilian families." He also ordered the editors to be able-bodied men and liberated some handmaiden to be editors.
These measures restricted the privileges of Manchu aristocrats to a certain extent, which was beneficial to the development of agricultural production. He studied hard the culture of the Han nationality and ordered Confucian scholars to translate China's books.
In the sixth year of Jin Tiancong (A.D. 1632), in the first month of the lunar calendar, the old system of "sitting with Nansan Baylor" was abolished, and the old system of * * * was changed to "sitting alone in the south", highlighting Khan's exclusive position. Then look for opportunities to eliminate differences, eradicate the three Baylor forces that threaten Khan's status and consolidate Khan's rights.
Imitating the Ming system, there are three courts and six departments in the imperial palace, "only Wang Belle leads the hospital affairs" and is in charge of government affairs. In addition, Ducha Hospital and Lifan Hospital have been established, and a relatively complete set of state institutions has been established. Centralization and strengthening autocratic rule.
3. Shunzhi
The emperor shunzhi Aisingiorro Fu Lin (1638— 16 1 year), the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first emperor after entering the customs, Manchu, was the ninth son of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty.
Chongde was born on the 30th day of the first month of Wuyin in the third year, and his biological mother was Bolzigit in sourdrang queen. It is a tiger and has been in office for eighteen years (1643- 16 1 year). After his death, posthumous title was: Emperor, Wen, Dade, Pure Filial Piety, Mausoleum Xiaoling (Qingling Mausoleum, Zunhua County, Hebei Province), temple number.
4. Kangxi
Emperor Aisingiorro Michelle Ye (1654- 1722), the sage of Qing dynasty, the third son of the emperor shunzhi and the second emperor after Qing dynasty. His reign was 16 1 year ~ 1722.
He put down the rebellion in San Francisco, recovered Taiwan Province Province, expelled Russian troops, quelled the unrest in Mongolia and Tibet, and strengthened the stability and unity of multi-ethnic countries.
In terms of economic and cultural construction, Kangxi also made great achievements that had a positive impact on later generations, and initiated the last flourishing age of China feudal society-Kanggan flourishing age.
5. Yongzheng
Yong Zhengdi Yong Zhengdi (1678— 1735), the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, was the third emperor after the Qing Dynasty. On 13. Working time: 1722 ~ 1735.
He severely criticized the opposition forces that hindered the imperial power, effectively improved the management of officials, increased the revenue of the state treasury, and laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the society in the Qianlong Dynasty.
6. Qianlong
Aisingiorro Hongli (1711-kloc-0/799) was the sixth emperor in the Qing dynasty and the fourth emperor after Beijing. The title is dry and long, which means "Heaven prospers".
He ascended the throne at the age of 25 and reigned for 60 years. After abdicating, he became the emperor's father for three years and actually held the highest power for 63 years and 4 months. He is the longest-serving and oldest emperor in the history of China.
7. Jiaqing
Emperor Jiaqing was the fifteenth son of Emperor Gaozong Li Hong of the Qing Dynasty. Born in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), he made Jia a prince in the 54th year, and became king in the 60th year of Qianlong, renamed Jiaqing, and reigned for 25 years. He died in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820) at the age of 6 1. The name of the temple is Renzong.
8.daoguang
Daoguang Emperor (1782 ~ 1850), Aisingiorro Yongning, formerly known as Mianning, was the eighth emperor of the Qing Dynasty (counting from Nurhachi), and his reign was 1820 ~ 1850. During his reign, he was in the decline of the Qing Dynasty. He made some efforts to save the decline of the Qing Dynasty.
He is diligent in government affairs, but as an emperor, his qualifications are not high, and his social ills are hard to return. During the reign of Daoguang Emperor, the Qing Dynasty declined further, and the gap with the West became wider and wider.
1842, the Opium War in Qing Dynasty failed, and treaty of nanking was signed, which humiliated the country. Ten years later, Daoguang swallowed his words and muddled along without taking any measures to learn from the west and revitalize the dynasty.
In the thirty years of Daoguang (1850), he collapsed in Yuanmingyuan in the first month at the age of 69. Temple name Xuanzong, posthumous title "filial piety Tian Fu Li Yunzhong arrived in Wu Wensheng bravely, benevolence, thrift and filial piety as emperor", was buried in the Qing tomb.
9. Pioneer
In the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1 July 17), the fourth son of Daoguang, Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty, was born in Yuanmingyuan, Beijing, and his mother was Niu Luz, the filial piety queen. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang, Emperor Daoguang used the method of establishing a clan and named it a book.
At the end of Daoguang's 30th year, Daoguang was able to shrug off. He summoned the minister to show his calligraphy and made him the Crown Prince. After Xuanzong's death, Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, taking the second year as the first year of Xianfeng, and awarded Qin En. During his reign, when the Taiping Rebellion was in full swing, he was invaded by the British and French allied forces in China. He relied on the Xiang army to curb the further expansion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement.
Xianfeng also sent troops to resist the British and French allied forces, but he lacked energy and eventually failed, ending in signing the Beijing Treaty, which humiliated the country.
Xianfeng died in Chengde in the 11th year (186 1 August 22nd). In office 1 1 year. After his death, "Xie assumed the post of Emperor Renkuan Jianxian in Zhenwu section of Zhongmu Maode". Temple number Wenzong. Dingling of Qing Dongling in Zunhua, Hebei Province.
10, tongzhi
Aisingiorro Zai Chun (1856— 1874) was the Tongzhi emperor of Mu Zong in Qing Dynasty, and the eighth emperor after entering the customs. At the age of five, he ascended the throne of the emperor and became the puppet of his biological mother Empress Dowager Cixi for life. Emperor Tongzhi, named Zai Chun, ascended the throne at the age of six, reigned for thirteen years, and died at the age of nineteen.
Guangxu 1 1
Aisin-Gioro Zaitian, Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, was the 1 1 emperor of the Qing Dynasty. At the age of four, he ascended the throne. At first Cian and Empress Dowager Cixi listened to politics. After the death of Ci 'an, Empress Dowager Cixi ruled in one palace until Guangxu was eighteen. Since then, although he nominally belongs to Emperor Guangxu, in fact, power is still in the hands of Empress Dowager Cixi. Emperor Guangxu was held hostage by Empress Dowager Cixi all his life and never held real power.
1898, Emperor Guangxu carried out the Reform Movement of 1898, but it was opposed by conservatives headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. Emperor Guangxu intended to rely on Yuan Shikai to imprison Cixi, but Yuan Shikai betrayed him. Since then, Cixi has been kept in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai.
The whole reform only lasted 103 days, so it was called "hundred-day reform". 1908165438+1October 14 Emperor Guangxu collapsed suddenly due to arsenic poisoning, at the age of 38, and was buried in chongling, Qing Xiling.
12, Puyi
Aisin Giorro Puyi (1906— 1967), the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was the last emperor in the history of China. Son of Zai Feng, Prince of Alcohol, he proclaimed himself emperor in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908).
1924165438+1October 5, was expelled from the palace by Feng Yuxiang. After the Revolution of 1911, he abdicated. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was designated as a war criminal because he acted as the puppet emperor of the Japanese-supported puppet Manchukuo. Later, he was pardoned by Mao Zedong and became an ordinary citizen of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1967 died in Beijing.
It is called Emperor Xuan Tong (1909- 19 12,19/July 1- 12). When he was emperor of Manchukuo, his title was "Kant", (1934- 1945).
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty Monarch