The Battle of Feishui in 383 (now China-Anhui Wabu Lake area) is a famous war example in the history of China. Decided the long-term division pattern of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The corrupt politics in the late Western Jin Dynasty triggered great social unrest, and the history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the south, Si Marui, the evil king of Jinlang, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in 3 17 A.D. and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupying most areas south of Hanshui River and Huaihe River. In the north, there are many disputes between ethnic minority regimes. The pre-Qin Dynasty established by Di Ren destroyed, Dai and other separatist countries, and unified the Yellow River basin. Later in 373 AD, the Eastern Jin captured Liang (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and Yi (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and its influence extended to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. Fu Jian [URL], the former Qin emperor, was too ambitious. He wanted to wipe out the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was just south of the Yangtze River, and unify the north and the south in one fell swoop. In August 383, Fu Jian led an army of 600,000 infantry, 270,000 cavalry, 30,000 Yulin Lang (Guards) and 900,000 * * from Chang 'an to the south. At the same time, Fu Jian ordered Zitong County to be in charge of Pei Yuanlue. Nearly a million marches "travel thousands of miles back and forth, moving in opposite directions." East and West Wan Li, land and water go hand in hand. Fu Jian proudly declared: "Take my countless trips and throw the whip in the river to stop it from flowing." "This is the origin of the famous allusion' flogging the flow'. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the hawks headed by Prime Minister Xie An were determined to stand up and resist when the enemy was under pressure and faced with the critical moment of life and death. On the recommendation of Xie An, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty appointed Xie Shi, Xie An's younger brother, as the conquering viceroy, and Xie Xuan, Xie An's nephew, as the pioneer, led 80,000 "Beifu soldiers" with strong fighting capacity to meet Qin Jun's main force along the west of Huaihe River, and Hu Bin was sent to lead the water army to reinforce Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Huan Chong was also named Jiangzhou Secretariat, and led the 654.38+ Wanjin Army to control the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, preventing the Qin and Bashu armies from going down the river. 10 On June 8th, Fu Jian's brother Fu Rong led Qin Jun's vanguard troops to capture Shouyang, and captured Xu Yuanxi, commander-in-chief of 8 Jin Army. At the same time, Qin Jun Mu Rongchui captured Yuncheng (now Yunxian County, Hubei Province). On the way, Hu Bin, who was ordered to lead the water army to rescue Shouyang, learned that Shouyang had been breached by Fu Rong, so he retreated to Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui) and waited to meet the armies of Xie Shi and Xie Xuan. Fu Rong led an army to attack Shi Xia. Fu Rong led Liang Cheng to attack Luo Jian (east of Huainan, Anhui Province) with fifty thousand troops, blocking the Huaihe River traffic and Hu Bin's retreat. Hu Bin was trapped in Shi Xia, and the food and grass were exhausted, making it difficult to support. He wrote a letter for emergency use, but the money for delivering the letter was caught by Chi, and the letter fell into Fu Rong's hands. Fu Rong immediately reported to Fu Jian that 8 Jin J serenade was short of food and grass, and suggested that he arise quickly to prevent 8 Jin J from escaping. Fu Jian was rewarded and left the army in Xiangcheng. Eight thousand cavalry rushed to Shouyang. As soon as Fu Jian arrived in Shouyang, he immediately sent Zhu Xu, the former commander-in-chief of Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to the Golden Camp to surrender. When Zhu Xu arrived at Jinying, he did not surrender, but provided Qin Jun with information. He said, "Although Qin Jun has a population of one million, it is still marching. If we concentrate our forces, the Jin army will be hard to resist. Things are different now. We should take advantage of Qin Jun's incomplete arrival to launch an attack quickly. As long as we can defeat its vanguard troops and demoralize them, we can break Qin's million-strong army. "At first, Xie Shi thought that Qin Jun was very strong, and he planned to stick to it until the enemy was tired. Zhu Xu's words made him feel very reasonable, so he changed his operational policy and decided to turn from defense to attack and take the initiative to attack. 165438+ 10 In June, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, a valiant general, to attack Luo Jian with 5000 soldiers, which started the battle of Feishui. Qin Cheng led 50,000 troops to line up against the enemy by the river. Liu Laozhi divided his troops and detoured into the Qin Jun array to cut off his retreat; Led the troops to storm waterinfo and attack Qin array. Qin Jun panicked, barely resisted for a while, and then collapsed. The commander Liang Cheng and his brother Liang Yun died in battle, and the officers and men rushed to the Huaihe River to save their lives, killing more than 1.5 million people. Luo Jian's victory greatly boosted the morale of 8 jin j.. Xie Shi went hand in hand with land, arrived at the east bank of Feishui (now Nanhe Feihe River in Shouxian County, Anhui Province), camped on the side of Bagong Mountain, and faced Qin Jun in Shouyang across the river. Fu Jian stood on the Shouyang rostrum, and saw at a glance that the Jin army on the other side was well-groomed, and a good soldier would be strong. Even the vegetation on Bagong Mountain looks like people, mistaking it for A Jin soldiers. He was quite alert and said to Fu Rong: "This is also a strong enemy. What is a weakness? " This is the origin of the famous allusion "Every grass and tree is a soldier". Due to the pressure on the west bank of Feishui, 8 Jin Army could not cross the river, so they had to confront each other across the river. Xie Xuan sent an emissary to Fu Rong, who dared not say, "You are a long-term plan, not someone who wants to make a quick decision. Wouldn't it be great if we transferred several troops across the border to decide the outcome? "Qin Jun's generals are opposed, but Fu Jian thinks we can counterplot and let the army retreat a little. When Jin Jun crosses the river halfway, we will kill him with cavalry, so that we can win. Fu Rong also agreed to Fu Jian's plan, so he agreed to Xie Xuan's request and instructed Qin Jun to retreat. However, the morale of Qin Jun soldiers was low, and as a result, they lost control as soon as they retreated, and the battle was in chaos. Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry to Qin Jun, and Zhu Xu shouted after the battle of Qin Jun: "Qin Jun was defeated! Qin Bing was defeated! " Chi believed it, so he turned and ran. Seeing that the general trend was not good, Fu Rong rode to stop it in order to stabilize his position. Unexpectedly, the horse was washed down by the mutinous soldiers and killed by the pursuers of 8 Jin Army. The loss of main qi became more and more chaotic and completely collapsed. The rout of the striker caused panic in the follow-up troops, and it also ran away in a chain reaction. As a result, the whole army fled and retreated northward. Qin Jun routed troops didn't dare to stay along the way. When he heard the jittery wind, he thought that the Jin army was chasing him (this is the origin of the famous allusion "jittery wind"). 8 jin j 56-point thrashing, arrived at Cyclobalanopsis near Shouyang. Qin soldiers and horses marched step by step, covering mountains and irrigating rivers. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow and fled back to Lao Yang alone. The Jin army recovered Shouyang, and Xie Xuan sent a flying horse to Jiankang to report good news. Xie An is playing chess with the guests at home. After reading the good news from Xie Shi, he put aside the good news with a straight face and played chess as usual. Knowing that it was the battle report from the front, the guest couldn't help asking Xie An, "How is the battle?" Xie An said slowly, "These children finally defeated the Qin people. "Hearing this, the guest was so happy that he didn't want to play chess again. He wanted to tell others the good news quickly and then left. Xie An sent the guests away and returned to the inner city. His excitement could no longer be contained. When he crossed the threshold, he tripped and broke the clogs' teeth. This is the origin of the famous allusion "broken tooth". At the battle of water, more than 700,000 * * were completely annihilated, scattered in former Qin Jun, and only the 30,000 troops of Xianbei Mu Rongchui Department were still intact. Fu Jian's hope of reunifying the north and the south was completely dashed. Not only that, the temporary unification of the north has also collapsed, and it has once again split into more local ethnic regimes. Mu Rongchui of Xianbei nationality and Yao Chang of Qiang nationality rose again and established new countries respectively. Fu Jian himself was captured and killed by Yao Chang two years later, and the former Qin Dynasty perished. Although the winner of this war, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, failed to restore the sovereignty of China, it effectively curbed the intrusion of northern minorities on the South, creating conditions for the social and economic recovery and development in the south of the Yangtze River. The battle of Feishui confirmed the long-term division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Later, Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasties entered Chang 'an in 4 17 A.D. and could not stay long. Hou Jing rebelled repeatedly in the Northern Dynasties, was trapped in Jiankang in 548 AD, and was soon killed by his subordinates, which was far from the goal of reunifying the whole country. It was not until 589 AD that Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty wrote One World and One Family in the Region. So far, 206 years have passed since the Battle of Feishui. The battle of Feishui has also become a famous example of how to win more with less, which has been recorded in military history and has had a long-term impact on the war view and decisive battle thought of later strategists.