This poem puts exaggeration, imagination and myths and legends together, and unconsciously feels its powerful artistic impact. The combination of imagination and exaggeration plays an important role in creating grand momentum and rendering mysterious atmosphere.
1, numerical exaggeration is a common technique in Li Bai's poems, which creates a magnificent momentum for Li Bai's poems and songs.
At the beginning of the poem, there is a sentence "It has been 48,000 years (interpretation: about 48,000 years ago)". The "48,000 years old" listed here is certainly not an exact reference, but an exaggeration. Judging from the length of time, the definition of the last sentence "I don't communicate with Qin Sai" (interpretation: blocked by Qinling Mountains, never going back and forth) shows the occlusion of Shu at once.
The "hundred" and "nine" in the "hundred steps and nine bends" exaggerate the twists and turns of Shu Road. "The sky is not full of peaks (definition: the peak is less than one foot away from the sky)" and gives people a visual impression by reducing exaggeration-the peak is less than one foot away from the sky!
"Thousands of valleys send stones and thunder" (definition: the flying stream hits boulders, tumbling in the valley, like thunder in the valley), and the word "Wan" vividly depicts the scene of soaring on the cliffs on both sides of Shu Road, which strongly impacts the cliffs and gives people a strong shock in hearing.
"If one man defends it, ten thousand people can't be forced (interpretation: one man defends a thousand troops, but it's hard to capture)", and "one" and "ten thousand people" form a huge contrast, highlighting the danger of Jiange, saying, "In case of disloyalty, what about wolves to their companions? (Interpretation: If the resident officials are not trustworthy, they will inevitably become wolves and make trouble according to risks) "
2. Image exaggeration is to use some common things (not numbers) to exaggerate (or exaggerate) the object from the senses, so as to achieve a wonderful artistic effect. This method is widely used in Shu Dao Nan.
The phrase "it is difficult to climb the Shu Road, it is difficult to climb the Shu Road, and it is difficult to climb the Shu Road" appears three times in the poem, which means that it is difficult to cross the Shu Road, which is even more difficult than climbing the sky, and it is exaggerated vividly.
There is only one bird path in Dabaishan in the west, and even a yellow crane can't cross it. Have pity on those poor monkeys who only have claws. Use the bird path to describe the narrow roads in Sichuan, and use the words "yellow crane" and "ape".
"Breathless, we brush Orion and cross the well star" (meaning: hold your breath, raise your head and touch the star, touch the well star), no matter how high the Shu Road is, it is impossible to "visit the well". The detailed description of "threatening breathing" vividly exaggerates the danger of Shu Dao: when crossing, even the atmosphere is afraid to come out.
3. Mythical imagination, that is, interspersed with myths and legends in poetry to attract imagination.
At the beginning of the poem, when writing about the demise of Shu, two sentences were used: "Can Cong and Yufu pushed past in the age of misty poetry (interpretation: Legend has it that the founding date of Shu was too long to elaborate)".
Can Cong and Yufu are the names of ancient Shu kings, and their specific deeds are difficult to test. But here, we can imagine under the guidance of the poet, and it seems that we can see the hardships of ancient Wang Jianguo and the people of Shu.
The story of Wuding's pioneering mountain is just a beautiful and tragic legend. Quoting in the poem is not only to say the origin of Shu Dao, but also to let readers see the dangers in the process of opening up Shu Dao-many people died trying to open up Shu Dao, adding a hazy feeling to the whole poem.
Quoting the myth of Six Dragons means that even if the dragon car is so high in the air, it will bypass the high-standard mountain, which shows that the height of the Shu Road reaches the sky. The application of this myth in poetry arouses readers' imagination, as if seeing the Shu Road soaring into the clouds and asking for advice!
Extended data:
Original poem:
The difficulty of Shu Dao in Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
Hey, hey, it's dangerous! The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky!
Until the two rulers of this area forced their way through in the foggy age! Forty-eight thousand years have passed. Don't talk to Qin Sai.
And Dabaishan, to the west, still has only one bird path, all the way to the peak of Emei. Once it was broken by an earthquake, some brave people lost it, and then the ladder stone pile was hooked.
On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, and far below, the river lashes its twisted channel. Such a height is difficult for a yellow crane, poor monkey, they only have claws to use.
The Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. For every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound. Panting, we passed Orion, passed Jingxing, and then fell to the ground with our arms folded and groaned.
We don't know whether this road to the west will never end. The road ahead is getting darker and darker. Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. The male bird rotates smoothly and follows the female bird.
Jathyapple, what comes to us is the melancholy voice of Du Fu, a sad empty mountain. It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. It turns pale when you smell it!
The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface. One thousand waterfalls rushed forward one after another, sending out the thunder of rotating stones in ten thousand valleys.
You've come a long way at all risks! Although the pass of the watchtower is strong and steep, one person guards it and ten thousand people can't beat it.
What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? . There are scary hungry tigers during the day and poisonous reptiles at night; With their teeth and fangs, they kill like hemp.
Although the Silk City is beautiful, I'd rather go home soon. It's hard to get through the Shu Road, but it's hard to get into the sky. Look sideways to the west and ask for advice!
Explanation:
Ah ah! How noble and majestic! It's hard to climb the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. Legend has it that Can Cong and Yufu established Shu, and the founding date is too long to discuss in detail. About 48,000 years ago. Qin and Shu were separated by the Qinling Mountains, and did not communicate with each other. Taibai Mountain in the west is so steep that only birds can pass. This mountain can go straight to the top of Mount Emei.
When the landslide broke out, five heroes were buried, which made the high-risk mountain road and plank road connected together in the future. In Shu, there is a mountain top that blocks the Six Dragon Cars of the Sun God, and there is a winding river that is drained by huge waves. The yellow crane who is good at flying high can't fly. Even if he wants to climb over, he is worried that he can't climb up. The dirt road in Qingniling twists and turns around the mountain, full of twists and turns.
Hold your breath and look up, you can touch Canxing and Jingxing. You are so nervous that you have to sit down and sigh. Good friend, when will you return your westward journey? It's really difficult to climb this steep and dangerous road in Shu Road! I saw the sad bird whining on the old tree; Male and female birds are flying each other in the dense forest. On the moonlit night, I heard the sad cry of cuckoo, echoing in the empty mountain, which made people feel endless!
It is difficult to climb the Shu Road, and it is difficult to go to the sky. Why don't people suddenly change their faces when they hear this? The peaks are linked together, less than a foot from the sky, and the withered old branches are hanging upside down and leaning against the cliff. Swirls and waterfalls are scrambling to make noise, and rapids are hitting boulders and rolling like thunder in the valley. Such a dangerous place, alas, why do you have to come all the way to be a guest?
Jiange's geographical position is lofty and dangerous. As long as one person guards a thousand troops, it is difficult to capture it. If the stationed officials are not trustworthy, they will inevitably become wolves and make trouble according to risks. Avoid tigers and snakes day and night. They kill people with their teeth and fangs like hemp. Although Jinguancheng is said to be a happy place, it is better to return to China as soon as possible, because it is too dangerous here.
It is difficult to climb the Shu Road, and it is difficult to go to the sky. Looking sideways to the west makes people feel sorry and sigh!
Creative background:
It is generally believed that this poem was probably written by Li Bai when he was in Chang 'an from 742 to 744 A.D. (Tianbao to Tianbao for three years), in order to persuade Wang Yan not to detain Shu and return to Chang 'an as soon as possible. Avoid the accidental hands of jealous villains. Some scholars believe that this poem was given to a friend by Li Baichu as a gift when he entered Chang 'an in Kaiyuan.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Difficulties in Shu Dao (Poems by Li Bai in Tang Dynasty)