The characteristic of traditional science is to discover the world, and the characteristic of software is to build the world.
Traditional science discovers the structure of the objective world, explains the relationship between structural elements, leads to science and creates the artificial world. From macro to micro, people have discovered different levels of the world (quark world, particle world, atomic world, molecular world, nano world, microbial world, macro world, galaxies and so on. ) and created a set of conceptual spaces to describe them.
Software does not need to be discovered, its lowest layer is {0, 1}. Everything is based on Boolean mathematics and discrete mathematics. Through layered architecture, people can realize data, files, operating systems and even artificial intelligence.
In the world of computer software, how bold people are, how productive they are.
What is the limit of the structure? Perhaps the software constructed by human beings can be constructed by themselves-that is, the ultimate artificial intelligence. Think of the matrix in the matrix, which in turn can enslave human beings. I wonder if artificial intelligence can really reach that level? )
Second, the three separations of programming languages have made software technology advance by leaps and bounds.
1950 s, first separation, separation of main program and subroutine.
The program structure model is a tree model, and subroutines can be written before the main program.
By using library functions to simplify programming, the initial code reuse is realized.
Produce the basic software development process: analysis-design-coding-testing, which makes it possible to develop large-scale software systems.
1975 ——1980s, Second Separation, Separation of Specification and Body.
Description is the type definition and operation description, and body is the concrete implementation of operation.
A concrete example is the separation of class description and class implementation in object-oriented languages such as c++ and Java. )
Solution design only focuses on description, implementation reference or design body.
The modification and replacement of the fuselage does not affect the specifications, ensuring portability.
Support multi-machine system, but in the same environment.
At this time, epoch-making object-oriented technology came into being.
1995-2000, the third separation, the separation of object use and object realization.
Component-based development:
Standardized software components, such as hardware IC, are pluggable, and users only use external functions, regardless of internal implementation.
Web service:
Software is a service. Distributed, cross-platform and loosely coupled.
Third, the development direction of software development technology
Features: Software technology is becoming more and more mature and stable.
-At first
Release new language versions every six months to one year, such as VB3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,. NET.
Every year to a year and a half, there will be a new database management system, such as SQL Server, Oracle 7, 8i, 9i, 10g.
The new version of the new operating system is 2 to 3 years, Windows95, 98, 2000, XP, 2003.
-Now
Java and C# have been around for 6 to 8 years, and Java has stabilized to Java2.0.
C++ has been a new language for 10 years.
The 64-bit operating system Vista may be stable after version 2-3.
Unix has been popular for over 30 years.
Linux has been open for five years.
Conclusion: You don't have to catch up with new technology and new functions, you can calm down and think.
The development history of computer language Abstract This paper discusses the development history of computer language from the viewpoint of dialectics of nature, and systematically analyzes the development history, present situation and future of computer language by using the basic theories and methods of dialectics of nature.
And make exploratory research and prediction on its development trend and future model, expound the causal relationship of its development from the philosophical point of view, and reveal the * * * problem of its development; At last, the article introduces the scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the development of computer language, and their outstanding performance in the computer industry reflects the greatness of human wisdom, and their extraordinary lives inspire and guide us to move in the right direction in the development of computer language. Keywords Dialectics of Nature Computer Language Computer Technology Programming Language Internet Object-Oriented Text 1993, Clinton of the United States put forward the "information superhighway" plan, which triggered an information storm on a global scale in ten years. Information technology touches almost every aspect of modern life. It is no exaggeration to say that modern civilized life would be impossible without information technology. As the most important part of information technology, computer technology is undoubtedly the core issue of its development, and we know that a computer is just a machine, which can only be executed according to the programs written in computer language, so a correct understanding of the past and future of computer language is the top priority of computer development; Understanding and analyzing the development of computer language from the viewpoint of dialectics of nature is helpful to promote the development of computer technology more comprehensively and to grasp the development trend of computer language more accurately.
1. The Key to Scientific Understanding-Contemporary Dialectics of Nature Dialectics of Nature is a science of Marxism about the general laws of the development of nature and science and technology and the general methods for human beings to understand and transform nature. It is also a dialectical materialist view of nature, science and technology and science and technology methodology. It mainly studies the general law of the development of nature, the law of the interaction between man and nature, the general law of the development of science and technology and the research methods of science and technology.
Marx and Engels comprehensively and systematically summarized the scientific and technological achievements of their time, critically absorbed the reasonable components of their predecessors, and systematically discussed the dialectical materialist view of nature, the development process and laws of natural science, and the dialectics of scientific understanding methods. With Engels' brilliant work Dialectics of Nature as a symbol, they created a broad road for the continued development of dialectics of nature. Dialectics of nature is an important part of Marxist philosophy.
In the philosophical system of dialectical materialism, dialectics of nature is juxtaposed with historical materialism. It focuses on the dialectics of nature and science and technology and is the application of materialism in the fields of nature and science and technology. Its principle and method are mainly applicable to the fields of nature and science and technology.
Studying and applying dialectics of nature will help us to understand the relationship between science and philosophy, so as to understand the nature and development law of science more clearly and observe and think about problems more comprehensively. Only by deepening our understanding can we give full play to our subjective initiative and meet the challenges of new technology. I will analyze the development of computer language from the viewpoint of dialectics of nature.
Second, the development process and development trend of computer language The development of computer language is an evolving process, and its fundamental driving force is the higher demand for abstract mechanisms and better support for programming ideas. Specifically, it is to upgrade the language that the machine can understand to a form that can well imitate human thinking.
The evolution of computer language is from the initial machine language to assembly language to various structured high-level languages, and finally to the object-oriented language supporting object-oriented technology. 1, History of Computer Language Development: In the 1940s when computers just came out, programmers had to control computers manually.
At that time, computers were very expensive, and the only person who thought of using programming language to solve problems was German engineer konrad zuse. Decades later, the price of computers has dropped sharply, and computer programs have become more and more complicated.
In other words, development time is far more precious than running time. Therefore, the new integrated and visual development environment is becoming more and more popular.
They reduce the time, money (and brain cells) spent. With a few keystrokes, you can use a whole piece of code.
This also benefits from a reusable program code base. With the birth of C, pascal, fortran and other structured high-level languages, programmers can express their intentions at a more abstract level without machine level.
Three important control structures and some basic data types born from them allow programmers to think and describe the problem in a way close to the essence of the problem. With the continuous expansion of the program scale, a software crisis appeared in the late 1960s. In the programming mode at that time, mistakes were insurmountable. As the code expands, it expands like a series, even to the point of being out of control. At this time, a new programming thinking mode and programming model-object-oriented programming appeared, which also gave birth to a number of programming languages supporting this technology, such as eiffel, c++, java, all of which are new.
Therefore, object-oriented language must support new programming techniques, such as data hiding, data abstraction, user-defined types, inheritance, polymorphism and so on. 2. Development status of computer languages: At present, there are two general programming languages: assembly language and high-level language.
The essence of assembly language is the same as that of machine language, which operates directly on the hardware, but the instructions use English abbreviations and identifiers, which are easier to identify and remember. The operations that assembly language can accomplish are not realized by ordinary high-level languages, and the executable files generated by source program assembly are not only small but also fast.
Advanced language is the choice of most programmers at present. Compared with assembly language, it not only synthesizes many related machine instructions into one instruction, but also removes details related to specific operations but not related to the completion of work, such as using stacks and registers, which greatly simplifies the instructions in the program.
At the same time, due to the omission of many details, programmers also.
Brief Introduction to the Development of Historical Software in China
In the 1980s, when pc was just born, few people in China could write programs. Then, if you write a program, others can use it. At this time, the program can produce value, and this program is directly equivalent to software.
However, with the development of the software industry, taking the situation in China as an example (in the United States in the 1980s, programs were not equivalent to software), and programs were not equivalent to software. Because it is easy to write a program now, it is difficult for your program to produce any commercial significance or value, so it is difficult to directly turn it into software. There is a high threshold to make a program directly become software. This threshold problem comes from the formation of the whole industry.
Now that you have written a program, you have to face the process of commercialization. You have to publicize, you have to let users know, you have to establish distribution channels, and you may have to spend a lot of time persuading others to use your things. This is a process from program to software. This threshold is already relatively high.
When we were chatting with people in the sales channels of major distributors in China, their bosses said that the threshold for doing software in recent years was quite high. Five or six million people can't "play" without making software. I said, "You set the bar high." He said, "That's for sure. You write a "bad" program, you will go out of business tomorrow, and your things still occupy my warehouse. I don't know who to turn to for help. My warehouse needs money! There are so many softwares now! "
Therefore, if you don't have certain assets, the dealer will ignore you. The actual situation is the same. If your company is small and not well-known, and your products are placed in the dealer's warehouse, then he can give you a temporary receipt at most. If the product can't be sold, it will definitely be returned after two weeks. Because there are many choices for dealers now, there are also many so-called software. There are many programs, and all programs want to become software. Everyone says their own is "gold". But only by standing the test of users can it become real "gold".
This is why there were few new software companies in the United States in the 1990s. It's just that the big software companies in the 1980s merged with each other. I swallowed you and you ate me. But there are many people who write programs, and the threshold for changing programs into software in the United States may be higher than ours, so many people write programs and throw them online, forming a * * * enjoyment software.
2.*** Enjoy the software
* * * Sharing software is a way to avoid commercial channels. It avoids the threshold of business, because the threshold of this industry is very high and it is easy to enter. I'll write a program and throw it online. You can use it when you download it. At this time, the program is equal to the software. * * * Enjoy the software like this, because there is no middle way. If the program is directly equal to the software, no one will easily throw the program online.
People who just started making software felt that they didn't make money. Later, more people used it and someone paid him. * * * Enjoying the software shortens the distance between the program and the software, but it will further widen the distance from the commercial software. The functions and goals of commercial software cannot be "played" by one person. At this time, the software cannot be made by a few people or a group. That's why you can't create new software companies in America. For example, scape Netscape is a new software company, which was born in 1995~ 1996, but disappeared after two or three years.
1. 1. 1 the threshold for the formation of commercial software
1. Formation of the threshold of commercial software
The formation of commercial software threshold is the inevitable result of the development of the whole industry. The threshold of any industry in the initial stage is very low, but as long as it develops to a certain stage, its threshold will inevitably rise. For example, it is difficult to produce cars in China now, but in the 1950s and 1960s, you installed four wheels and added a diesel engine to form a car. At that time, the Wright brothers could build an airplane by installing a propeller and two wings. You can certainly do this before the whole industry is formed, but when the whole industry is formed, you can't. All industries are like this.
Why are there so many people scrambling to do the website as soon as it comes out? This is also because at the beginning, it seems that the threshold is very low and anyone can do it. As long as there is a server and a network cable, you can make a website. This is the situation when the industry just started. But after the formation of this industry, you can't "play" easily.
So is domestic software development. Domestic software since the formation of software dealers, this industry has really formed. Whether there is a channel is a very important link to judge whether an industry is formed. Any industry will have distribution channels, and when the channels are formed, the industry will be formed. The first distributor was established in 1994 ~ 1995, that is to say, the software industry in China was probably formed in 1995, and it has only experienced eight years of development so far.
There is an impetuous thought that China's software industry should catch up with the United States soon. American software industry was formed in 1980s, and has developed for more than 20 years now. China's software industry is only eight years old. Eight-year-old children are not sensible, while twenties are strong young people, so their strength is not equal. But we should also see that its real energy will be reflected when it becomes 15 years old at the age of 8.
Excuse me, has the absolute process of the final task of history begun?
Find a novice to guide you to send letters to the chief secretary (2218,2750).
The chief secretary will send you to Major General (2278, 2829) to buy navy food. Fairy fruit (Xiancao and Senling) shoots water shellfish (shoots water shellfish out) and conch meat (conch star out) and goes back to hand in the task.
. Major General will ask you to go to Tang De again (1958,2691). As soon as Tang De leaves the West Gate, he runs to the backer.
Just run up for a while and you'll get there. When you find it, go back and tell the major general.
. Major General said that all people have food poisoning. Please go to the drug dealer in the city (2250,2771) to find out the reason.
. Then I want you to find a hard shell (conch star comes out), pig tail (mini pig comes out) and cashmere (thick cashmere sheep comes out), go back and hand in the task and give the antidote to Major General.
. Major General wants you to find another drug dealer.
Find out why cruel goats become violent.
The drug dealer asked you to spit on the cruel goat (the cruel goat is next to Tang De). After that, you should go back to the herbalist to hand in the task. Then the drug dealer will let you hit the pearl of the shell king. Brush shellfish king 15 minutes on shellfish dealer (2060 2537). Hand in the task after the fight.
I want you to go to the guard of the abandoned capital supply station (1905, 1820) and find it. The doorman asked you to find the lost toolbox (157 1.
2679) ( 153 1,2739) ( 1600。 2753)? ( 1543,2708) ( 1593。
2753)( 16 1 1。 27 19)( 1634。
265 1) I know these four brush toolboxes. After opening the boxes, I picked them up and handed them in. After the task is handed in, the guard asks you to hit the stomach stone of King Crab (1800,2530). After the task is handed in, I ask you to find the mysterious man (22 17 2547) (the mysterious man is actually a bucket) and then go back and hand them in. .
Let you kill the bandit boss (1040 306 1). Come down to the supply station in Ann, and brush it at the top right outside Big Ben 15.
(Kill after 35 minutes) After killing, go back to the Guard. Here are some coordinates of Shalan, please look them up in the map of Shalan! He asked you to go to the desert to find the patriarch.
. It's next to the right drugstore in Shacheng.
. After finding the patriarch, the patriarch asked you to check the variation.
. You go down.
Ask the lamb (where to build a sand boat to go down). Hand in the task again.
Then I'll let you get rid of the guards at the door.
If you find it, you can go to Flash Eight (1080. 3 102) (in the chaotic oasis) keep running to the right.
. Let you find 10 sand bandits and 5 knights to fight.
Then go back to him to hand in the task, and then let you kill the leader of the sand waste in the sand bandit book (run right). When finished, return to Flash VIII and hand in the task.
After completing the task, you are asked to go back to the guard at the gate. After finding the doorman, he asked you to find Hong Kong doorman * Partridge Grass (866,3661in the city) and then asked you to go out and look for the cat's eye (118,3613). Run with the sea.
If you find it, you can kill Captain Fick (1500 3450) (it is best to kill more than 40). .
Go back to the cat's eye after killing.
The cat's eye lets you find the ice wolf part under the recipient "J" (actually Flash VIII T_T)! Please look for the coordinates on the map of direwolf, and then go back to the cat's eye. He asked you to go to direwolf to find Leo (Lower Wolf Castle on the Ice Sheet 1364 57 1) and then to find noble Mars on the ice sheet (Up 1346 454). When you find it, you will be asked to find Xiao Mo (Bingxiacheng Guard 1237 6 1 1), and Xiao Mo will ask you to find it.
. After going to Quesaiz * Kuangsha (1030 650) in Alambis supply station, Quesaiz * Kuangsha asked you to kill the snowman (about 850 925) and get the supplies back. After returning to hand in the task, Quesaiz Kuangsha asked you to escort the materials to Leno, and he asked you to find Elena (1 108).
. Back to silver! Find the silver below! Finally, go to Yinyi to find the confused mountain people (Baiyin City 2273 2702). She asked you to go to the silver bar (2220 2885) and ask Tina, a bar girl, to make materials for Bazhen wine. You need two dinosaur eggs (9 10, 2634)(904, 2667) and two healthy meat of wild boar (lower left of Ryan supply station). Roman's two vines (Gully's supply station in Luo Li goes in the direction of N) and two crystal powders of minerals (silver mine is located at 1 floor). After the collection, go back to Yintiao to find Tina, and then she asks you to collect two dewdrops (flying pandas) on bamboo leaves, two pearl powders for beauty (beating pearls) and two smuggled spices (smuggling * *).
When you're finished, go back to the bar, and she'll give you eight-treasure wine and bring it to the confused mountain people! Then he asked you to go to the president of the Chamber of Commerce (2240 2748), hand in the task when you find it, and then go back and talk to the confused mountain people. Then he asked you to go to the silver mine to fight mud monsters and get worn-out pieces of paper, and then he asked you to take them to the president of the Chamber of Commerce, and then gave you two tasks: 1 that is, to find Bite (2 193) 2. You can go to Betty (2277, 2770) when you find a place to fight the behemoth. After finding it, Betty asked you to go to the silver mine to find the paunchy miner. The big belly (295 56) on the second floor of the Silver Mine can get your lunch back. Killing ninja mole (waste mine 1 floor) can be done from the third floor of Silver Mine to the second floor of waste mine and then downstairs to waste mine. 2700) enter, call back the big belly to hand in the task, and then complete task 2. Kill the monster on the second floor, below the third floor of the silver mine, and go to the second floor of the waste mine (monster cave). .
It is suggested to fight in teams, or to kill people above level 45 alone.
. Buy more cakes! After killing the beast and being handcuffed, he returned to the city and handed over the task to the president of the Chamber of Commerce. The picture below is mixed.
. There are detailed instructions! Find it yourself! Then the president asked you to find the T9 supply station. First, you go to Silver Sailor * Sherry (224 1, 2826) and get a map of one piece. On the map, you are asked to find Jiang Mumu Supply Station (2030, 2730){ in the Sea of Witches}. When you arrive at the supply station, you are asked to play 15 Storm Jellyfish Crystal. After shooting 15 crystal, go back to the Jiang Mumu supply station to hand in the task ~ and then let you send the goods of Baao to the ice dock seaport to command * Xilin (1216,682), and then Xilin will ask you to find Rugeland (132 1 583).
What's the difference between process and process? 1. has different meanings.
1, course: refers to what has been experienced.
2. Process: the process of the development of things; Stage.
Second, the tense is different.
1. History: What happened.
2. Process: What is happening now.
Third, the usage is different.
1, Curriculum: Curriculum refers to the experience of life, while curriculum refers to the experience of time or spirit. Like the course of life.
2. Process: Process is a process of doing things without specific allocation.