The titles of ministers in the Ming Dynasty were Gong, Hou and Bo. It is difficult to get a title, military attache is relatively easy, but civil servant is difficult. Li Shanchang is the only civil servant among the founding heroes of the six countries, and there are no civil servants among the 28 princes. In 100 earl, only Liu Ji and Wang Guangyang are civil servants. It is difficult to count the military attache who was knighted in the whole history of Ming Dynasty, but there are not ten civilian officials who were knighted. It can be seen that the rank of military attache is generally higher than that of civilian. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the military attache was treated so well that a civil servant named Zhang Xin was already an assistant minister during the reign of Xuande, and he had to go through the back door and be transferred to the guard headquarters through his cousin Zhang Fu.
Most public servants can be hereditary, and officers under command can be hereditary. Only commanders and commanders need military promotion. After the retirement or death of the Governor and Director-General, the son succeeded the commander. In this way, after the death of the founding hero, almost all military attache is hereditary.
Zhengyipin:
Civil servants: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Diange University.
Civilian diplomatic officer: none.
Wu Zhi kyou-kan: the minister in charge of guards and the minister in charge of ceremonies.
Diplomat Wu Zhi: No.
From yipin:
Civil officials: Shao Shi, Shaofu, Shaobao, Taishi Prince, Taifu Prince, Taibao Prince,
Co-organizer of college students, ministers of ministries and hospitals, and governors of Douchayuan.
Civilian diplomatic officer: none.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Commander and Minister of the Fifth Battalion of the Nine-door Step Army.
Wu Zhi Foreign Officials: General, Governor-General and Prefect.
Positive quadratic product:
Civil officials: Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu, Prince Shaobao, assistant ministers of various ministries, assistant ministers of various institutes, and head of the internal affairs office.
Civil servant: governor
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Commander of the Left and Right Wing Forward Battalion, Commander of the Eight Banners Guards and Marshal.
Wu Zhi Foreign Officers: Deputy Commanders and General Commanders.
From the second product:
Beijing Official: Bachelor of Cabinet, Bachelor of imperial academy.
Civilian officials: Governor-General, Foreign Minister, and Foreign Minister.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Minister of Scattered Ranks.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Lieutenant General.
Positive three products:
Civil officials: Shi Yu, deputy governor of the left and right Douchayuan, Zongren Fucheng, special envoy of the General Political Department, minister of Dali Temple,
James, James, Minister of Taichang Temple
Civil officials and foreign officials: Shuntianfu Magistrate, Fengtianfu Magistrate, and provincial judges.
Wu Zhixiao: First-class bodyguard, wingman of Firearms Camp, wingman of Jianrui Camp, vanguard guard,
The long history of Xiao Qi and Wang Fu.
Foreign officials of Wu Zhi: city guards, generals and commanders.
From three products:
Civilian Beijing official: Secretary of Guanglu Temple and Secretary of Taibu Temple.
Civilian diplomats: all transferred to salt ambassadors.
Wu Zhi's contemplation: Wang Fu's Royal Guards, Royal Guards and First-class Royal Guards.
Foreign officials of Wuzhi: guerrilla, five banners participating, combining, advocating, commanding and knowing.
Positive four products:
Civil officials: deputy envoy of the General Political Department, Shao Qing of Dali Temple, Shao Zhan of Zhan Shifu, Shao Qing of Taichang Temple,
Taibu Temple, Fist Temple, Duchayuan.
Foreign officials in Beijing: Shun Tianfu Cheng, Feng Tianfu Cheng, Governor,
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: second-class bodyguard, ambassador Yun Hui, deputy guard, deputy striker, deputy Xiao Qi,
Head of camel factory of Taibus Temple Horse Factory, master of ceremonies of Baylor House, foreman of guards.
Foreign officials in the military service: national defense commander, deputy commander, commander, commander and messenger.
From four products:
Civil servants: Bachelor of The Cabinetshi Read, Bachelor of imperial academy, Bachelor of imperial academy and imperial academy propose a toast.
Civilian foreign officials: prefects, local prefects, and salt couriers.
Wuzhi Jingguan: city gate collar, coated assistant guard collar, coated assistant seven collar, coated assistant guard collar,
Level 4 ceremony and level 2 guard
Wu Zhi's overseas official: Ambassador Fu Xuan and Deputy Ambassador of Ambassador Xuanwei.
Positive five products:
Civilians kyou-kan: Zuo you Chunfang illegitimate child, counselor of the General Political Department, Shao Qing of Guanglu Temple, Gezhong,
Dean of Zongren Hospital, doctor of ministries and commissions, ambassador of Taiyuan Hospital.
Civil servants: tongzhi, tongzhi and well-known.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Third-class bodyguard, Zhi Yizheng, deputy commander of the army deployment in the army deployment officer school, trusted officer in the army supervision, and assistant in charge of the leadership.
Foreign officials in Wuzhi: guard the customs, guard, guard, preach, comfort the ministers and preach, so that the ministers can know their colleagues and thousands of families.
From five products:
Civil official kyou-kan: imperial academy's reading assistant, imperial academy's lecture assistant, Shao Qing of Quik Temple, and Ma Xi of Economic Department.
Vice President, Ambassador and Foreign Minister of Zongrenyuan
Civil officials and foreign officials: prefect, prefect, deputy envoy of salt transportation department, salt course promotion department.
Wu zhi Jing Guan: four-level guards, Commissioner pioneer, Commissioner guard, Commissioner shotgun guard,
Entrusted by the vanguard guards, the five flags were painted, the five products were celebrated, and Zhang Jing was sealed.
Third-class escort
Wu zhi's overseas officials: chief Qian, chief garrison officer, he ying, assistant garrison officer, appeasement envoy, solicitation envoy, propaganda envoy, assistant envoy,
Deputy thousand households
Positive six products:
Civil officials: The Cabinetshi Read, Zuo Youchun, Fang Zhongyun, imperial academy, director, director,
The incident and experience of Duchayuan, the left and right temples of Dali Temple, and the experience of Zongren House,
Taichang Temple Manhan Temple, Qin, Qin, Han, spring, summer, autumn and winter, five senses,
God music department, monk record department and Taoist record department.
Civil servants and foreign officials: Judge Jing Fu, Judge Jing County, Judge Tong and Judge Tu.
Wu zhi Jing Guan: lanling bodyguard, commander-in-chief, pro-military school, pioneer military school, military school, shotgun military school,
Primary seven school, the appointment department of military academy.
Foreign officials stationed in Wuzhi: General Men Qianzong, General Ying Qianzong, Minister Fu Xuan, Minister Tong Zhi, Vice Minister Zhao Qiu,
Sir, ambassador, hundreds of families
From six products:
Civil servants: Zuoyou Chunfang praised goodness, edited by Hanlin Academy, and rectified Guanglu Temple.
Keywords Qin Manchu Mongolian facial features, Han Jun Zheng, Yong Bu Zheng,
The monk recording department explains the teaching from left to right, and the Taoist recording department plays from left to right.
Civil servants and foreign officials: Chief Secretary's experience, reasoning, approval, Zhili, Tongzhou and Tuzhoutong.
Six-product Lan Lingchang and six-product ritual vessels of the Interior Office.
Foreign official of Wu Zhi: Qian Wei, general manager, deputy ambassador of Anfu Ambassador Department.
Positive seven products:
Civil servants: editor of Hanlin Academy, judge of Dali Temple, doctor of Taichang Temple, supervisor of imperial academy,
Keywords cabinet classics, experience of General Political Department, governor, Taichang Temple classics, Taibu Temple master book,
Treasurer of the Ministry Temple, Deputy Commander of the Military Division, Manchu Bible Reading Officer Lang of Taichang Temple,
Ming Zan in Manzhouli, Hongqiao Temple
Civil officials and foreign officials: Professor Cheng of Jingxian County, Professor Manchuria of Shuntianfu, Professor of Discipline, Magistrate, Experience and Audit Department.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: the history of the city gate, the deputy head of Taipusi Horse Factory.
Wu zhi's overseas officials: general manager, vice minister of peace and security, and vice minister of long-term litigation department.
From seven products:
Civilian Beijing official: imperial academy's review, the experience of observing etiquette, the Chinese book in the Chinese book department, the Chinese book in the cabinet, and the master book of Zhan Shifu,
Guanglu Temple official, Dianbo, Dr. imperial academy, teaching assistant, Qin Lingtaro,
The sacrifice department offers sacrifices and the voice department is sincere.
Officials outside Beijing: Beijing government experience, chief secretary experience, salt transportation department experience, zhili state judgment, state judgment,
Tuzhou sentence
Wu Zhi kyou-kan: seven ritual vessels.
Foreign official Wu Zhi: Deputy Commandant of Shengjing Nomadic.
Positive eight products:
Civil officials: Siwu, a doctor of the Five Classics in imperial academy, Qin Jian, a physician of Taiyuan,
In Taichang Temple, Xie Lvlang, monks and clerks give lectures around, and Lu Dao Temple gives lectures around.
Civilian foreign officials: chief secretary, ambassador of the Ministry of Finance, ambassador of the treasurer of salt transportation, ambassador of the Ministry of Finance of Salt Road, ambassador of the Salt Division,
Ambassadors of laboratories, chiefs of inspection departments, government experience, county heads, county heads,
Four learning records, state learning correction and teaching guidance
Wu Zhi kyou-guan: No.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Commissioner Qian.
From eight products:
Civil servants: imperial academy, imperial academy, Split Temple, Qin,,
On the right is the priest, on the right is the divine music, on the right is the monk, and on the right is the Taoist priest.
Civil servants: Chief Secretary Zhao Mo, Governor of Salt Transportation Department, Ji.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Eight Gifts, Pro-Military Academy, Forward School, Military Academy and Xiaoqi School.
Diplomat Wu Zhi: No.
Authentic:
Civil officials: the fourth translation assistant of the Ministry of Rites, Qin Tianjian, the treasurer, and Han Li Zanlang of Taichang Temple.
Civil officials and foreign officials: according to the procuratorate, the governor of the government, the governor of the same knowledge, the governor of the judge, and the princess.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: the commander of Lanling in each battalion.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: General Manager of Foreign Affairs Committee
From do:
Civil officials: imperial academy Zhao Shi, Manchu Confucius, four translators of the Ministry of Rites, official sequence class, imperial academy classics,
Han You, Xu Ban, supervisor of punishments, Qin You, doctor,
Imperial hospital official, imperial temple musician, craftsman of the Ministry of Industry.
Civilian foreign officials; The government shines, the state official, the Taoist ambassador, the propaganda department ambassador, the government tax secretary ambassador,
Warden, warehouse ambassador, inspector and soil inspector.
Wu Zhigong: Assistant Director of Taibus Temple Horse Factory Committee.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Extra commission.
No inflow:
Beijing civil servants: Confucius of the Hanlin Academy, treasurer of Ducha Academy, ambassador of the Bureau of Casting and Printing of the Ministry of Rites, military commander,
Deputy Minister Chongwenmen
Civilian foreign officials: the history of Dian, the history of Tu Dian, the customs envoy, the government inspection school, the chief prosecutor, and the ambassador of the tea inspection office.
Salt tea ambassador, Cheng, Hepo court official, Zhuo official, Daoxian warehouse ambassador.
Wu Zhi kyou-guan: No.
Foreign officials of Wu Zhi: Bai Chang, Tu Youyou, Mutu.
Inspector (Ming Dynasty)
One of the local military and political officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Also known as Futai. In the name of "traveling the world, helping the army to meet the people". The establishment of the governor in the Ming Dynasty began in the 24th year of Hongwu (139 1) when Prince Wen Yi was sent to Shaanxi. In the 19th year of Yongle (142 1), 26 officials, including Shang, visited the provinces to appease the military and civilians and ask about their illness, and the governor system came into being. However, before Xuande, the governor was not a special official. He was sent when something happened and returned when it was over, and there was no fixed scope for patrol. In the fifth year of Xuande (1430), Yu Qian, an imperial envoy, and Chen Zhou, the governor of Yuefu, were promoted to assistant ministers, and went to places such as North and South Zhili, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Jiangxi and Huguang. Since then, the permanent governors of provinces have gradually become a system. During the years of Tianshun and Zheng De, two imperial edicts for leather cutting were issued, but they were quickly restored. At the beginning of the governor's establishment, he was only responsible for taxes and grain, prime minister's river course, refugee treatment and border management. Later, he focused on the military. Many governors in the Ming Dynasty were scholars, but they were rarely promoted by jury. At the beginning, the governor of the mainland was recommended by the official department in conjunction with the inpatient department, and the governor of the border area was recommended by the official department in conjunction with the Ministry of War. In the 14th year of Jiajing (1535), Jiuqing promoted both inland and border areas. The governor's officials are generally the main book, the deputy main book and the main book; Those who concurrently serve as military affairs shall be given military affairs prefects (those who have company commanders shall be awarded military affairs awards or military affairs counsellors). There are also governors and governors, collectively referred to as "governors". Although the governor of the Ming Dynasty was not the official military and political chief of the local government, he controlled the three departments (undertaking the propaganda department, the procuratorial department and the commanding envoy department) and actually held the local military and political power, which could prevent the disunity and ineffective operation caused by the separation of the three departments. At the same time, the governor goes to the capital for deliberation every year, which also reflects the court's strengthening of local jurisdiction. In the late Ming dynasty, the change of governors was often influenced by the imperial portal, and the final decision was given to the power of castration. Therefore, the changes of various political forces in North Korea often affect the changes of rulers.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were governors in all provinces, including Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou. Its governors are Zhili, Gansu, Fujian and Sichuan. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the three northeastern provinces of Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang were transferred to other provinces, and each had a governor.
In Qing dynasty, the rank of governor was generally subordinate to the second grade, and they all served as assistant minister of the Ministry of War and vice governor of the imperial history. He is the highest military and political chief of a province. It has the right to deal with civil affairs, justice, supervision and military command in the province. In the province, from the deployment of envoys to provincial judges, they are all officials.
Quansi is a "provincial judge"
Guatai
The general name of provincial judges in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Official name. Beginning in the early Tang Dynasty, his job was to inspect various roads and evaluate the management of officials. In the second year of Tang Ruizong Jing Yun (AD 7 1 1), ten provincial judges were assigned to regular posts. Later, it was renamed Special Envoy for Interview and Special Envoy for Observation and Disposal. In fact, he is the boss of the Secretary of State, and his power is second only to that of our ambassador. Where there is our ambassador, there is our ambassador. In the Song Dynasty, there were no time ambassadors. At the beginning, the transshipment ambassador was also punished, and later a prison was set up. Therefore, it was the predecessor of the later provincial judges, and its status was different from that of the Tang observers. In the fourth year of Jin Zhangzong Cheng 'an (A.D. 1 199), he was changed to be a provincial judge, in charge of the judicial prison and the assessment of officials. Yuan dynasty called it "an honest and clean envoy". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed as the provincial judge, the chief of the provincial judge's department, and was in charge of the justice of a province. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were more governors everywhere, and judges became governors' officials. In the Qing dynasty, it was located along the border and belonged to the governors and governors of various provinces. Don't call it a platform, don't call it a company, and don't call it cheap access. An Lushan Biography of Old Tang Dynasty: "In the three years of Tianbao, Peikuan was the festival of john young, and the visit to Hebei kept the army of Pinglu unchanged." "The history of the Ming dynasty. Official History IV: "Judges are in charge of the dissolution of criminal names in a province. Rectify official evils, suppress rape and violence, level prison proceedings, and suppress grievances in order to promote their discipline and clarify their official governance. " Qian's Biography of Poetry and Fu in the Qing Dynasty: "Jiajing was still a former official for three years. He was elected as a political representative in Shanxi and promoted to a provincial judge in Huguang." "Draft of Qing history. Guan San: "The judges and procurators in each province sentenced one person in each province. Being in charge of discipline, promoting discipline, and managing officials clearly. After recording the prisoner, the statement will be investigated, and the big one will save discussion and let the Ministry listen. He also led the biography of the province. Three years of producer, one inspector, and autumn reviewer. "