First, the problems in middle school history education

History is a long-term, hidden and conscious discipline, which is self-cultivation and social cognition. Its main function is to improve people's ideological realm, understand social reality and make scientific decisions, but it takes a long time to form, unlike tools such as mathematics and physics, which can get immediate results in improving people's skills.

Driven by utilitarianism, the vast majority of our society do not examine the historical level of the selected people in the talent selection examination, which objectively strengthens the "useless theory of reading history"

There are still various misunderstandings in history education.

At present, the social demand for education is first of all "talents", not "people". Test scores and further education naturally become the primary goal of the school, and test scores become the most important or even the only measure to measure the teaching effect.

In this social environment, it is difficult to change the exam-oriented nature of history education without the joint efforts of the whole society.

Second, what is the traditional culture of China?

The words "Wen" and "Hua" appeared as early as in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and China.

Said Wen: "Wen, the painting is wrong."

Wang Yun's note: "The wrong people are staggered.

If you draw it wrong, it's written.

""never put off till tomorrow what you can, change also, from people also.

"Oracle Bone Inscriptions (chemistry), from a person is falling, one person is right, and two people are not back.

That is, to become upright and smooth, which means enlightenment.

The word "cultural elements" can be found in Shuo Wen Yuan Zhiwu written by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty: "Sages rule the world by virtue first, then by strength.

All kinds of martial arts are prosperous and not satisfied; If the culture does not change, it will be punished.

Here "culture" refers to the enlightenment education as opposed to "force".

China's traditional culture refers to China's culture with a stable form, which is the fusion, formation and development of multi-cultures with the Chinese nation as the mainstream in the long-term historical development process, including rich contents in ideas, ways of thinking, values, moral sentiments, lifestyles, etiquette systems, customs, religious beliefs, literature and art, educational technology and many other aspects.

Third, the characteristics of China traditional culture.

(1) has a long history.

Compared with European culture, China culture "first of all, from the perspective of time extension, China has always been run by one person, while many people in Europe are running it." .

Second, as far as space is concerned, European culture originated in Greece and Athens, and spread from this cultural center to the surrounding areas.

Later, Greece declined, Rome flourished, and the cultural center moved from Greece to Rome, and then spread around from Rome.

..... So western culture often spreads from one center to all directions, and these cultural centers often spread from one place to another.

In this case, there will be a phenomenon, that is, cultural interruption often occurs.

(Qian Mu's "On the History of New China" and "The Evolution of China Tradition")

(2) Broad and profound.

For example, academically, there are pre-Qin hundred schools of thought, Han Confucian classics, Wei-Jin metaphysics, Sui-Tang Buddhism, Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism and Qing-Dynasty textual research, all of which form a complete system.

In particular, Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism have world influence.

In terms of poetry creation, The Book of Songs appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, followed by Songs of the South. Later, two poems, namely, Han Yuefu, Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu, were handed down and innovated.

In terms of novels, tales of the Six Dynasties, legends of the Tang Dynasty, scripts of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Dream of Red Mansions, Journey to the West, Jin Pingmei, Scholars, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, etc.

In terms of opera, Wang Shifu's The West Chamber, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn Colors in the Han Palace, Bai Pu's Going Up the Wall at once, Zheng Guangzu's Return of the Ghost Girl, Tang Xianzu's Peony Pavilion, Hong Sheng's Palace of Eternal Life, and Kong's Peach Blossom Fan, etc.

In particular, Guan Hanqing wrote 63 kinds of zaju in his life, 300 years earlier than Shakespeare, who wrote 36 plays and was called the great dramatist in the world.

In painting, there are rare treasures such as Gu Kaizhi's History of Women in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Buji's Map by Yan in the Tang Dynasty, Born of Gautama Buddha's Map by Wu Daozi, Wu Niu's Map, Han Xizai's Night Banquet by Gu in the Five Dynasties, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in the Song Dynasty.

Sculptures include Yungang, Longmen and Dunhuang grottoes.

There are terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang.

In terms of calligraphy, there are Wang Xizhi, Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue Ji, Zhang Xu, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Liu Ti who founded Yan Ti in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In Song Dynasty, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei, Cai Xiang, Song Huizong initiated the "thin gold body", Zhao Mengfu in Yuan Dynasty and Fu Shan in Qing Dynasty.

(3) far-reaching impact.

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, Ji Zi, the royal family of Shang Dynasty, led 5,000 people to take refuge in North Korea, bringing poems, books, rituals and skills.

Subsequently, during the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian opened a trade route to the Western Regions, and China's silk, pig iron smelting and casting technology, agricultural products and handicrafts were continuously transported to West Asia and Europe along this trade route.

After that, the four great inventions gradually spread to Europe through people, which played an inestimable role in the industrial development of Europe.

Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Seas in the Ming Dynasty opened up the Maritime Silk Road. China's specialty porcelain, tea and herbs are exported to Southeast Asia, South Asia and African countries.

The communication between Japan and China began in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, and large-scale cultural input took place in the 4th and 5th centuries.

After China characters were imported in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Japan imitated and used Japanese characters.

In the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent 120 overseas students and scholars to China to conduct a comprehensive study and dissemination of China culture.

Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia and Thailand are also deeply influenced by our ancient culture.

Today, the "Chinatown" established in metropolises all over the world can still reflect the influence of China culture.

Fourthly, how to carry forward Chinese excellent traditional culture in middle school history teaching?

(1) classic reading guide.

China is called "the state of etiquette".

For thousands of years, despite the hardships of feudal society, traditional virtues have survived to this day, emitting unparalleled unique charm. It is this strong historical and cultural accumulation that has created the excellent qualities of "loyalty, benevolence, morality and wisdom" of China people.

In order to better strengthen middle school students' understanding of traditional culture, middle school history teaching can arrange classic reading content according to the characteristics of students of different grades.

From The Analects of Confucius, The Classic of Three Characters, to thousands of words, Tang poetry and Song poetry, to ancient prose, famous sayings and so on.

Students are required to use the morning reading or morning self-study time every day to appreciate ancient and modern traditional masterpieces, understand the content, pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, and explain the practical significance.

Start with "learning and knowing" and gradually achieve "integration of knowledge and action".

(2) History classroom teaching is the main channel to educate middle school students on Chinese excellent traditional culture.

In the teaching of ancient culture, we should pay attention to infiltrating Chinese excellent traditional culture and moral cultivation education, inculcating Chinese traditional virtue education, sublimating patriotism and revolutionary tradition education, infiltrating emotional education and aesthetic education. So as to continuously promote the development of middle school students' psychological quality, enhance their spiritual realm and strengthen their understanding of excellent traditional culture.

For example, teachers can introduce the origin and customs of traditional festivals in China to students in class.

Let the students investigate after class. Among the many traditional festivals in China, which ones have we kept at present? After various foreign festivals entered China, have traditional festivals been affected? What are the traditional festivals and customs in students' families?

(3) Enhance the characteristics of the school.

If a school is interested in spreading the traditional culture of China, its campus culture will certainly exude a strong cultural atmosphere.

Of course, apart from the Confucius Institute, there are few public middle schools like the one mentioned above, so if there is a middle school that does this, it will be very distinctive.

For example, extracurricular activities can provide learning to write China's calligraphy, learn to draw Chinese paintings and so on.

Educate students' minds with colorful campus culture, and let traditional culture and virtue penetrate students' hearts.

Use festival activities to educate students on traditional culture and Chinese virtues.

If we hold some ceremonies and customs in ancient China in the new semester to promote the traditional culture of China, such as a teacher's ceremony, it will be very useful for students to promote the traditional culture of China by providing a big environment for students to get in touch with the traditional culture of China.

Especially in ancient China, the working people were extremely clever and had already applied mathematics to all fields of life. If all the teachers and students in the school can appreciate the crystallization of ancient wisdom through the "Classical Mathematics Festival", they can appreciate the essence of China traditional culture in a happy holiday atmosphere.

For example, in China, 60 names, including Jiazi, Picnic, Bingyin, and Ding Mao, which are composed of ten dry days and twelve branches, were used to record the date of 60 days long ago. Students can rename the date according to this calculation method.

(4) Actively develop school-based curriculum, closely combine traditional culture to study the infiltration and integration of moral education and subject education, and further develop and improve school-based curriculum with traditional morality as the main content, so that students can receive moral education in all courses and gain moral experience in the classroom, and make a moral education based on knowledge education move towards a moral education based on feelings and experiences, emphasizing the integration of knowledge, ability, emotion, attitude and values, and paying attention to deep excavation, edification and emotional experience.

(5) Strive to improve the traditional cultural quality of history teachers, and improve the quality of teachers through lectures, exchanges, seminars and other ways, so that teachers can become the main force in inheriting traditional culture.

(6) Conditional schools can organize tours to let students know about cultural trends; North-South customs; Mountain and river meteorology; Visit local history museum, etc. Expand the actual experience.

Carry out various activities to inherit traditional culture, such as knowledge contest, investigation, exploration, development, excavation of traditional culture with regional characteristics, and understanding of artistic treasures in traditional culture.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) carries forward the significance of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

Wisdom, faithfulness, loyalty, filial piety, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, the root of China traditional culture and the soul of our nation.

Only by vigorously promoting Chinese traditional culture can we make the Chinese nation more vibrant and harmonious.

To carry forward Chinese traditional culture, we should advocate all thoughts and spirits that are conducive to national unity, reunification of the motherland and cohesion of people's hearts, all thoughts and spirits that are conducive to national prosperity, social progress and people's happiness, all thoughts and spirits that create a better life through honest labor, and guide young students to establish the concept of loving the motherland and serving the people, while harming the interests and national dignity of the country and the people is the greatest shame, so as to better inherit and carry forward traditional culture.

"Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces" embodies the essence of traditional culture and plays an important role in promoting the national spirit of middle school students.

Traditional culture is the spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. "I dare not forget to worry about my country" and "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" reflect the deep affection of the descendants of the Chinese people for the country and the nation; "Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't be bent" and "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" are values that transcend utilitarianism; "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is the embodiment of strengthening self-cultivation and establishing harmonious interpersonal relationships.

The concept of "eight honors and eight disgraces" is a concentrated summary of these traditional virtues in modern times.

"Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces" provides a code of conduct for young students in the new period.

Today's society should educate students to establish values recognized and accepted by the public, such as honesty, cooperation, justice and so on.

It is urgent to guide young people to establish a socialist concept of honor and disgrace.

Only by clarifying right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, honor and disgrace, can we train young people into new socialist citizens with lofty pursuits and further carry forward China's excellent traditional culture in the new era.

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