19 17, Haiser, a physical education teacher in Berlin, thought that the characteristics of popular football and rugby at that time were "chasing" and "hitting", which reflected the inherent masculinity of men. Therefore, we must design a sport and competition that can show women's characteristics, and handball was born. Let me share with you the rules of handball competition, hoping to help you!

1, see etiquette

Handball is a fast, continuous and intense antagonistic ball collective event.

When watching the game, it is generally necessary to enter the stadium in advance, which is the minimum respect for athletes, coaches and referees; Behave in a civilized manner and dress appropriately; Do not use insulting language or litter in the venue; Drinks and food should be packed in soft bags, and garbage should be taken out in convenient bags or paper bags. Pay attention to properly control your emotions and don't lose control.

In the game, the transition between attack and defense is fleeting. In the fierce confrontation, the two sides have frequent physical contact. As long as the player with the ball is not out of balance, he can still control the ball and continue to attack, and the referee will not interrupt the game.

In the fierce handball competition, the tense atmosphere on the field will strongly infect the audience, and at the same time, the audience should applaud the athletes' tenacious fighting spirit on the field.

In handball competition, there are many kinds of passes and catches between attacking players, and diverse and accurate shooting actions are more pleasing to the eye. Various shooting techniques such as diving, falling to the ground and tumbling are common in handball competitions. The defender blocked the ball and blocked the attack, and the goalkeeper bravely saved the ball, making the game wonderful.

The audience who don't know much about the opponent's ball can appreciate it from these aspects and give warm applause to the players for their wonderful passing cooperation, successful shooting and excellent defense. At the same time, you can also appreciate the friendly behavior and civilized behavior of athletes from both sides on the field.

The audience who have a certain understanding and mastery of the opponent's ball can not only appreciate the individual offensive and defensive skills of the players, but also watch the handball game from the perspective of the overall tactical application of the team.

Smoking is prohibited in the competition venue, and the mobile phone should be turned off or set to vibration mute.

During the competition, the audience should obey the organization arrangement, try not to stand up or walk back and forth, and don't laugh and play loudly; Cheer and applaud the athletes for playing a wonderful game, but don't be booed because of the athletes' temporary mistakes. You should be able to enjoy the wonderful performances of both players at the same time. When an athlete makes a free throw, it is best for the audience to keep quiet, not to disturb the athlete's mood, and then applaud after the free throw.

After the game, the exit should be orderly, and the old, weak, women and children should go first with courtesy, not crowded, and always be a civilized audience.

2. Competition rules

time

The handball competition time is divided into the first half and the second half, each with 30 minutes; The interval is usually 10 minute. In the first half and the second half, each team has a timeout (teams can only get a timeout if they have the ball, that is, submit a timeout application card to the record table), and the timeout time is 1 minute.

If the two sides draw at the end of the normal game time, and the rules of the game require that the winner must be decided, the final will be held after a break of 5 minutes. The deciding game consists of two 5-minute breaks, half time 1 minute (both sides exchange venues).

If there is still a draw after the first tiebreaker, the second tiebreaker will be held after a five-minute break. The second decisive period is still two 5 minutes, with an interval of 1 minute. If there is still a draw after the end of the second deciding game, choose a goal and throw a 7-meter ball to decide the outcome. That is, five players from each side take turns to shoot the penalty; If there is still a draw, 1 will be punished by 1 until the outcome is decided.

group

Only 65,438+05 players are allowed to participate in the Olympic handball competition, and 65,438+04 players are registered in the record form for each competition. All personnel entering the stadium should abide by the principle of substitution in their own substitution area. If this rule is violated, the offending player will be fined for 2 minutes.

During the competition, there must be 1 goalkeeper for 7 players, including 6 players on the field. A player who is recognized as a goalkeeper can become a player on the field at any time. Similarly, players on the field can also act as goalkeepers at any time. The color of the goalkeeper's clothes should be obviously different from that of the players on the field, and the number of players remains unchanged.

No more than 7 people are allowed on the field at any time in the competition. The remaining 7 people are substitutes and must sit on the bench. There are also team officials sitting on the bench, such as team leaders, coaches and team doctors. , and the total number should not exceed 4. Team officials must designate 1 as the "team leader" and only allow the officials to talk with timekeepers/recorders or referees when necessary.

Team officials are not allowed to enter the venue without permission. If they violate this regulation, they will be punished as non-sports ethics. Number of handball players 1 ~ 20. The rules do not stipulate which number athletes must use, but according to custom, goalkeepers usually use three numbers: 1, 12 and 16.

Main punishment

Handball rules stipulate that only goalkeepers are allowed to enter the goal area, and players from both sides are not allowed to enter the goal area for profit. However, the attacker can enter the goal after completing the shooting action, or the defender can enter the goal area without penalty and profit.

Contrary to the usual practice

According to the handball rules, the attacker is allowed to take three steps with the ball, and can take three steps after dribbling, and the holding time should not exceed three seconds. Violation is judged as violation. In handball competition, both sides don't need the permission of the record table and the referee, as long as they abide by the principle of "first down, then up" in their own substitution areas. If there is any violation, the player who violates the rules will be fined for 2 minutes, and other players cannot be replaced during the penalty time, that is, the number of employees on the field will be reduced.

Break the rules

Handball rules allow defenders to defend with open arms and push the ball away with their hands, but they are not allowed to hit the ball with their fists. Defenders can use their bodies to block the movement of players with or without the ball; You can contact the attacker from the front with your bent arm. But it is not allowed to use such actions as pushing, pulling, hugging, bumping, hitting and tripping. And it is not allowed to throw the ball at the opponent on purpose.

punish

The biggest feature of the handball competition rules about the penalty of foul action is mainly reflected in the principle of gradual escalation. For the act of taking a foul action, the degree of punishment should be gradually increased.

According to the rules of handball competition, there are four kinds of penalties for players' foul: warning, penalty of 2 points, disqualification and expulsion. The team whose player is sent off can be replaced after a penalty of 2 minutes. According to the situation at the time of the foul, the opponent can be awarded a free kick or a 7-meter ball. The handball match is handled by two referees with equal strength. They use the standard gesture of 18 in the referee on the spot.

A player intentionally violates any of the following nine items, namely:

A. kicking or trying to kick an opposing team member.

B. Tripping the opponent's team members, that is, behind or in front of the opponent, stretching his legs or bending over to trip or attempting to trip the opponent.

C. jump to the other team.

D. violent or dangerous collision with the opposing team members.

E. Hit other players from behind unless the other team blocks.

F. Hit the right player who tried to hit the other team and spit on the other team.

G. pull the other team.

H. push the opposing team.

A player commits any of the following five fouls, namely:

1. The referee thinks his actions are dangerous, such as trying to kick the ball that the goalkeeper has caught.

2. When the ball is out of the control of the relevant players, the purpose is not to make a so-called reasonable shoulder bump for the ball.

3. A player who deliberately blocks the opponent from playing football, for example, running between the ball and the opponent or blocking the opponent with his body.

4. Collision with the goalkeeper, except the following circumstances:

A. when the goalkeeper catches the ball;

B. the goalkeeper blocked the opposing team;

C. the goalkeeper is outside his own goal area.

5. When the goalkeeper is in the penalty area:

A. Hold or throw the ball in any direction in the air after controlling the ball by hand, then catch it and walk for more than 4 steps without making the ball enter the competition state.

B. After holding the ball, touch the ball again by hand according to the situation in Article 5(c), although in the four-step walking process, the ball has entered the game state before the players outside the penalty area or the opposing players inside and outside the penalty area touch the ball.

D. The referee thinks that the team deliberately stops the game for tactical purposes, delays the game time, and makes the team gain improper benefits.

Players should be warned and shown a yellow card under the following circumstances:

F. After the start of the game, the player enters or re-enters the game or leaves during the game (except in unexpected circumstances), in either case, the permission of the referee is not required.

G. If the referee suspends the game to execute the warning, the opponent will kick an indirect free kick where the ball is located to resume the game according to the specific situation in Chapter 13.

H. If the fouler has other more serious fouls, he shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the rules.

First, the team members violated the rules continuously.

J. express dissatisfaction with the referee's decision by words or actions.

K. there are inappropriate actors.

Except for serious fouls, if a player's behavior falls into any of the last three items mentioned above, he should be given a yellow card warning and ordered to kick an indirect free kick at the foul place according to the specific situation in Chapter 13.

6. If the referee thinks that a player has any of the following circumstances, he should be ordered to play and show a red card.

A. committing acts of violence.

B. serious foul.

C. use foul language or abuse.

D. after getting a yellow card warning, he got a second yellow card warning for foul.

The game was suspended because of the punishment. If the player does not violate other rules, according to the specific situation in Chapter 13, the opponent is awarded an indirect free kick at the foul place.

develop

Project history

/kloc-handball originated in Europe at the end of 0/9, and there are similar modern handball competitions in Czechoslovakia, Germany and Denmark.

19 17, Heisel, a physical education teacher in Berlin, Germany, designed a women's team game, similar to modern handball.

19 19, Karl Xie Lun, a physical education teacher in Berlin, improved Haiser's game with a smaller ball, stipulating that the ball holder can run three steps before passing the ball, allowing both sides to make physical contact.

1925, Austria held the first international handball competition, and handball was spread from Central Europe to Northern Europe. It was introduced to Africa from southern Europe in the 1940s and introduced to America and Asia in the 1950s. Since then, handball has been introduced to eastern Europe and other countries, and then it has risen around the world. In the original handball competition, there were 1 1 players, which was called 1 1 handball. Because this sport is usually played outdoors, it is also called outdoor handball.

1928, the international handball Federation was established. In the same year, the first World Men's Sevens Handball Championship was held in Germany, which was held every four years. Handball was listed as a performance event at the Olympic Games in 1928 and 1932.

1936, 1936 Berlin Olympic Games was held in Germany, and handball was listed as an event. Later, it was cancelled because of the imperfect rules of handball competition. Because 1 1 handball can only be played outdoors and is not suitable for northern Europe in cold winter. So at the beginning of the development of 1 1 handball, some people in Denmark moved handball indoors to facilitate winter sports. This is the beginning of handball for seven.

1938, the first world men's handball championship was held in Germany.

In 1950s, handball was introduced to China.

From 65438 to 0955, Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education of the People's Liberation Army included handball in the teaching plan and took the lead in starting handball teaching and training in China. Subsequently, some universities such as Beijing Institute of Physical Education also carried out handball teaching.

1957 July 13, the first world women's handball championship was held in yugoslavia.

In the late 1960s, 1 1 handball was replaced by 7-player handball. Because this sport is usually played indoors, handball for seven is also called indoor handball.

From 65438 to 0972, the 20th Olympic Games was held in Germany, and handball was listed as an Olympic event again.

1976 65438+1October 12. The Asian Handball Federation was established in Kuwait with its headquarters in Kuwait. In the same year, women's handball was listed as an official event of 1976 Montreal Olympics.

1977, the first World Young Women's Handball Championship was held in Romania.

1979 In September, China Handball Association was established in Baoding, Hebei, with its headquarters in Beijing. In the same year, China Handball Association joined the International Handball Federation.

1982, men's handball became the official event of the Asian Games, and China won the men's handball championship of the New Delhi 1982 Asian Games.

From 65438 to 0990, women's handball became the official event of the Asian Games.

milestone

Olympic handball competition

Handball has long been one of the Olympic events. The International Olympic Committee and the International Handball Federation are preparing to organize handball competitions for the Olympic Games, which will be held every four years, including men's handball competitions and women's handball competitions, with 12 teams participating respectively. 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, handball was first used as a competition in the Olympic Games.

World handball championship

The World Handball Championship is one of the largest and highest-level handball competitions in the world sponsored by the International Handball Federation. It is held every two years. The competition is divided into men's handball championship and women's handball championship, with 24 teams participating in each competition. 1938, the first world men's handball championship was held in Germany. 1957 July 13, the first world women's handball championship was held in yugoslavia.

Handball competition in Asian Games

The Asian Games is a comprehensive sports meeting sponsored by the Asian Sports Federation. Men's handball became the official event of the Asian Games on 1982, and women's handball became the official event on 1990.

Asian handball championship

The Asian Handball Championship is the highest level handball competition in Asia sponsored by the Asian Handball Federation. It is held every two years, usually the World Handball Championship and the Olympic Qualifying Tournament. 1 March 1977,1Asian men's handball championship was held in Kuwait; 1987 August 15, the Asian women's handball championship was held in Amman, Jordan.

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