Basic profile
physical geography
The development of history
The origin of Chengtan town
Local customs and practices
General situation of economy
administrative division
Great names in history
Basic profile
Xinchang county, called Dongdong in ancient times, also known as Nanming, is located in the east of Zhejiang Province and under the jurisdiction of Shaoxing City.
Before the Tang Dynasty, it was a county, and it was established in the second year of Kaiping in the Five Dynasties (908).
It is now included in the coastal economic open zone and belongs to the Shanghai Economic Zone. With the completion and opening up of Ningbo International "Oriental Port", Xinchang's regional advantages are more obvious.
The county is adjacent to Ninghai and Fenghua in the east, Tiantai in the south, Pan 'an and Dongyang in the southwest and Shengzhou in the west and north.
The distance between east and west is 52.3 kilometers, and the distance between north and south is 36.9 kilometers.
The county's total area is 12 13 square kilometers, which is equivalent to1810.95 million mu, accounting for about10.2% of the province's land area.
Among them, the cultivated land area is 228,700 mu, accounting for12.6% of the total land area; Mountain forest area 13 13000 mu, accounting for 7 1.7% of the total land area. It is a hilly county with mountainous areas and dry land as the mainstay, and is known as "eight mountains, half water and half fields".
Xinchang county is known as the "eye of the southeast" because of its beautiful natural scenery and numerous cultural and historical sites.
There are three provincial-level scenic spots in the territory: the Great Buddha Temple, the 19th Peak, and Luozhou Lake-Tianmu Mountain.
The Great Buddha Temple, a national key open temple, is an ancient temple in the Southern Dynasties. Maitreya Buddha, the largest Buddha in the south of the Yangtze River, and 1075 small stone Buddha are famous at home and abroad.
In recent years, the development efforts have been intensified, and the special landscapes such as Prajna Valley, Snake Carving Village, Foxin Square, Wood Fossil Forest, Open-air Maitreya, Luohan Cave, Baiyun Lake and Chenghuang Temple have been built one after another.
The peaks and valleys, waterfalls, springs, streams and bitan that pass through the rock 19 peak show beautiful natural scenery and landscape charm.
The lakes and mountains of Wozhou and Tianmu are the places that literati of past dynasties yearn for.
From the Buddhist culture in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the poetic culture in the Tang Dynasty, Xinchang bears two cultural peaks (People's Daily 200 1, 1,1October 9).
Over the years, Xinchang's scenery and historical sites have attracted many CCTV's Journey to the West, the legendary swordsman, Legend of Condor Heroes, Shaolin Wushu, Eight Dragons, Phoenix Looking for Phoenix, Lotus Lantern and so on. Become a famous location base in China that sings film and television culture.
At present, many special tourist routes, such as "Buddhist Journey", "Road of Tang Poetry", "Landscape Charm" and "Film and Television Location", attract tourists from home and abroad.
In 2002, the number of tourists in Xinchang reached 65.438+0.4267 million, and the total tourism revenue reached 65.438+0.05 billion yuan. Tourism has become a pillar industry in Xinchang.
Xinchang County, built in 908 AD, has a long history, outstanding people and splendid things.
The four traditional specialties of tobacco, tea, silk and art are now known as "the hometown of famous tea in China", "the hometown of osmanthus in China", "the hometown of long-haired rabbits" and "the hometown of small hydropower".
There are many famous brands, Xiao Jingsheng, spring cakes and taro dumplings.
[Edit this paragraph] Physical geography
Xinchang County is connected to Ninghai and Fenghua in the east, Tiantai in the south, Pan 'an and Dongyang in the southwest and Shengzhou in the west, with a distance of 52.3 kilometers from east to west and 36.9 kilometers from north to south.
The county's total area is 12 13 square kilometers, which is equivalent to1810.95 million mu, accounting for about10.2% of the province's land area.
Among them, the cultivated land area is 228,700 mu, accounting for12.6% of the total land area; Mountain forest area 13 13000 mu, accounting for 7 1.7% of the total land area. It is a hilly county with mountainous areas and dry land as the mainstay, and is known as "eight mountains, half water and half fields".
The main peaks in Xinchang County are all above 600 meters above sea level, and the highest peak is Juvenile Bodhi Peak, with an altitude of 996 meters.
Siming Mountain Range enters from the northeast and is located in Shaxi Mountain Range.
The two branches of Tiantai Mountain range, which entered from south-central China, were called "the main mountain of one city" in ancient times, and meandered to Anding Mountain, forming a mountain range from Ruo 'ao to the east of Huishan.
Huiji Mountain and Pandashan Mountain enter the territory from the southwest, crossing Anshan in Jingping Township and Xikeng in Jingling Town, forming the southern foot of Jingling Mountain.
The central part is a hilly platform, generally a basalt platform, with an altitude of 250 to 500 meters. There are large areas such as Huishan, Dashiju, Mengjiatang and Dunshan, with steep edges.
Xinchang county has three major water systems, with the county watershed area of 1.209 square kilometers, 73 tributaries, 455.6 kilometers long, and the river network density of 0.38 kilometers/square kilometers.
It is a typical mountain river with many tributaries, large drop and rich hydraulic resources.
The main rivers are Chengtan River, Xinchang River and Huangzejiang River.
Chengtanjiang
Chengtan River is the main stream of Cao 'e River, which originates from Jiangongling (870 meters above sea level) in Pan 'an County. Originally called Tengteng River, it was called Jiaxi River through Wuzhangyan Reservoir, and entered the country at the northwest of Shiniankeng, Huishan Town, this county 1 km. From south to north, it flows through Jingping, Jingling, Chengtan, Meizhu and other towns, and enters Shengzhou City at Baidu River in Tiandong, with a total length of 96,544.
Xinchang covers an area of 44. 1 km, with a drainage area of 388.63 square kilometers, accounting for 3 1.8% of the county's total area. The width of the upstream and downstream rivers is about 80 to140m respectively.
More than 60% of the county's arable land and more than 70% of the population are concentrated on both sides of the strait.
After liberation, Shimen Reservoir and Menxi Reservoir were built in the upper reaches of our county, which provided a guarantee for controlling and alleviating the flood disaster in the Yangtze River.
Xinchanghe
Xinchang River is a tributary of Cao 'e River.
It originated in Huading Mountain on the rooftop, passed through Liang Shi Waterfall and Cisheng in Shiqiao Township, entered Dazhuyuan, passed through Shanghai Village in Xiaosheng Town, called Maoyang River and Huangtan River, obliquely crossed the central part of the county to the northwest, passed through Dashimao Town, Bamao Town and Chengguan Town, and entered Houxi Village in Shengzhou City, with a total length of 67.3 kilometers.
Xinchang has a territory of 48.9 kilometers and a drainage area of 433 square kilometers.
It accounts for 36.3% of the county's total area, with an average river width of about 60 meters and a natural drop of 173 meters. There is Zhao Chang Changku in the middle reaches, also known as Luozhou Lake, which is a provincial-level scenic spot.
Huangzejiang
Huang, formerly known as Jugenxi, originated in Patience Ridge, Qiaoying Township (3 kilometers southeast of Zhongxi Village).
It is 70.6 kilometers long from Dashimao Town to Zhudi in Xinlin Township, Hengxi in Qincun Village of Daming Town, Huangzejiang in Changshan Village, Shengzhou to Pukou and Huang Ze, and Caoejiang.
Xinchang territory is 50.6 kilometers.
The basin covers an area of 378 square kilometers, accounting for 30.9% of the county's total area. The average river width is about 70 meters, and the natural drop is 257 meters. There is Qiaoying Reservoir upstream.
Xinchang has a subtropical climate, located in the transitional zone between the middle subtropical zone and the north subtropical zone, with mild and humid climate and distinct four seasons.
Rain and heat are synchronized in early spring and summer, but sunny and hot in midsummer, complementary light and temperature in autumn and winter, and more disastrous weather.
At the same time, it has typical mountain climate characteristics, and there are obvious differences between horizontal and vertical directions.
The four seasons are long in winter and summer and short in spring and autumn.
In spring, the cold and warm air mass in the county advances and retreats, and it is cold and hot, with changeable weather and continuous rain.
There is a lot of precipitation, accounting for 26% ~ 35% of the whole year.
In March and April, there was a "cold spring".
In early summer, "Meiyu" is often accompanied by heavy precipitation, and sometimes "Meiyu" will appear in advance in late May.
From July to August in midsummer, the Pacific subtropical high enters the territory, and the weather is sunny and hot, resulting in "summer drought", which is often caused by typhoons, rainstorms and storms, accompanied by precipitation to alleviate the drought.
There are often local thunderstorms in the afternoon, with occasional hail, strong winds and heavy rain.
Precipitation accounts for about 37% of the whole year.
In early autumn, cold and warm air masses conflict, often cold and rainy. After mid-autumn, affected by the low and high pressure in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the air is crisp in autumn, and "autumn drought" is common, and "Xiaoyangchun" appears in 10.
Precipitation accounts for 14%.
In winter, * * * enters the Sanjiang Valley through the northwest valley plain (basin), and the temperature drops sharply, and the precipitation accounts for 23% of the whole year.
Xinchang county has diverse surface environment and rich resources.
There are mainly land resources, water resources, mineral resources, labor resources and biological resources.
It has created a bright future for the development of industry and agriculture.
Xinchang county is a part of low mountains and hills in Zhejiang and Fujian.
The eastern part is dominated by low hills, the main peaks are all above 800 meters above sea level, and the central part is mostly a hilly platform below 300 meters, descending from south to north, and valleys and low hills are alternately distributed in the northwest, with the altitude below 150 meters, and the lowest altitude is only 28 meters.
According to statistics, the mountainous area of the county is 382.49 square kilometers, accounting for 3 1.7% of the total area, the hilly platform area is 765.48 square meters, accounting for 62.25% of the total area, and the basin area is 73.56 square kilometers, accounting for 6.58% of the total area.
According to the land resources survey of 1989- 1992, the total land area of the county is 1820800 mu, of which 50 1700 mu is cultivated land (including ridges), accounting for 27.56%. Garden178,000 mu, accounting for 7.03%; Woodland 904 1 10,000 mu, accounting for1.08%; The water area is 8 1 1 ten thousand mu, accounting for 4.45%; Unused land117200mu, accounting for 6.44%.
Xinchang is rich in water resources, and the overall supply and demand are basically balanced.
There are many tributaries of Xijiang River in the county, with high mountains and steep slopes, large bend drop and fast flow, which is unfavorable for navigation. However, it is rich in hydraulic resources, with an annual self-produced runoff of 947 million cubic meters and a water production of 77 1.000 cubic meters/square kilometer, with a per capita of 2,370 cubic meters, which is close to the provincial average.
Since liberation, people in Xinchang County have built more than 600 large, medium and small reservoirs, and more than 5,200 large and small reservoirs, with a total storage capacity of 3/kloc-0.70 billion cubic meters.
The total annual reserve of groundwater is 654.38+64 billion cubic meters.
This unique advantage of hydropower resources provides a good foundation for the development of small hydropower and has great potential.
According to the investigation of relevant units, the theoretical reserve is 72,800 kilowatts, and the total recoverable amount is 610.55 million kilowatts.
The theoretical reserves of hydraulic resources in Xinchang county reach 59.6 kilowatts, ranking first in Shaoxing city.
Xinchang county took the lead in realizing rural electrification in the whole province on 1986. By the end of 1998, the county had a total of 108 hydropower stations with a total installed capacity of 43,700 kilowatts, ranking first in the province.
The county 100% of repressive villages have electricity.
Known as the "hometown of small hydropower", small hydropower has become an important way to get rid of poverty and become rich in rural areas.
Xinchang County has a wide variety of mineral resources, mainly fluorite, granite, lignite, oil shale, silver mine, bluestone, etc. It is known as "Bishi in the south of the Yangtze River" and is a decorative building material for famous scenic spots in China.
Mangshi fluorite mine has a development history of more than 70 years.
The prospective reserve of granite is 1 m 3, ranking first in Shaoxing.
[Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution
The name of the county comes from the name of Xinchang township, which also implies the prosperity of the newly established county.
Xinchang County was a land crossing during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and Huiji County during the Qin Dynasty. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Huiji County was located under the county, and Xinchang was a part of the county.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the warlords became independent. In the third year of the Tang Dynasty (896), Qian Liu captured Yue State and established Wu Yue State.
In the second year of Liang Kaiping in the Five Dynasties (908), Qian Liu, the king of Wu Yueguo, was located in Xinchang County, and the east was divided into 13 township. 13 townships are Yongshou, Shishun, Changhua, Xiangming and Xinchang.
The name of the county comes from the name of Xinchang township, which also implies the prosperity of the newly established county.
Xinchang belongs to Yuezhou in the Northern Song Dynasty and Shaoxing Road in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty was subordinate to Shaoxing Prefecture, and was assigned to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
In the Ming Dynasty, he was transferred to Ning Shaodao, the minister of foreign affairs of Zhejiang Province.
Xinchang in Qing Dynasty belonged to Shaoxing Prefecture, and was placed under Shaotai Road, Xiao Ning, Zhejiang Province.
During the Republic of China, Zhejiang Province set up an administrative supervision area, and Xinchang County was subordinate to the second and third districts successively.
1May 22, 949, Xinchang was liberated and Xianren was founded, belonging to Shaoxing area.
1958 1 month, Shaoxing area was revoked and placed in Ningbo area.
1958165438+10, Xinchang county system was abolished, and the administrative area was merged into Shengxian county.
196 1 After September, Xinchang County has been a special area, region and city of Shaoxing.
[Edit this paragraph] The origin of Chengtan Town
Chengtanjiang Town was formed by merging Chengtanjiang Town, Sheng Da Town and Shanxia Town on 1995.
It is connected to Zhonghe and Wen Jia in the east, Hehua and Gaoping Township in the north, Dayao Town in the west and Pingxiang City in Jiangxi Province in the south.
The whole town covers an area of 157.83 square kilometers, including paddy field190,000 mu and mountain forest188,000 mu. It governs 65,438+04 villages (communities) with a population of 59,000.
Nanchuan River is 35 Li Long, passing through the town.
According to legend, from Nanchuan River to Yantan Bay, down to Wujiazhou Lake in Dayao, * * * there are 28 pools of different sizes strung into beads, named Chengtan River.
[Edit this paragraph] Local customs
The so-called "30-year-old and 40-year-old" is to celebrate one's birthday, a blessing for people to express their good wishes, and a good custom of respecting the elderly. This custom has a long history in China and is still continuing today.
As the saying goes, "Grandma's family 10 years old, my mother's family is 20 years old", which means that both grandma's family and father-in-law's family will send robes, Four Treasures of the Study, steamed bread and other gifts, and they will all worship God to bless and celebrate their nephews or son-in-law.
Although 10 and 20 years old are not eligible for birthdays, it is also in line with the traditional customs of China people to hold commemorative and celebration activities on 10, which is called "birthday" by the people.
In Xinchang, birthdays are usually celebrated every ten years, but not all ages can celebrate birthdays.
Xinchang's old customs have a unique focus on celebrating birthdays, especially in terms of age, and there are many taboos.
There is a saying in Xinchang that "eighteen short, nineteen dead, twenty dead", which shows that young people before the age of 20 can't celebrate their birthdays.
Xinchang also has a saying that "work at thirty (longevity), and work at forty (homonym)".
It is good to celebrate when you are 30, but "four" and "death" are homophonic and unlucky, so you can't celebrate your birthday when you are 40. Either you change your mind or you miss it.
According to Xinchang custom, age is generally counted as nominal age.
Since the age of 50, children and grandchildren have offered sacrifices to gods and ancestors on their birthdays and held birthday drinks.
Birthday is called "Zhengshou", and the birthday banquet is hosted by children and grandchildren, called "Peach Blossom".
For wine vessels, peach is a birthday peach, and the name of "peach" probably means celebrating birthday.
The day before the official birthday is called "warm birthday", which is organized by the married daughter.
You can celebrate your birthday in advance within one year, but you can't celebrate your birthday after your birthday.
As the birthday approaches, children and grandchildren usually come forward to invite relatives and friends to thirst for birthday wine.
On the day of drinking birthday wine, it is usually a birthday present.
In Shengzhou, Xinchang and other places, birthday gifts are often given at the beginning of the first month of the year of birth.
Birthday gifts are all marked with the word "longevity", such as birthday candles, birthday noodles, birthday wine, birthday cakes, birthday paintings, birthday screens, birthday cakes, birthday buns, birthday peaches and so on. And the word "shou" is cut from red paper and put on birthday gifts and birthday utensils.
Among them, birthday peach is an essential birthday gift, but if it is not in the season of peach production, rice flour can be used as a substitute.
During the birthday celebration, birthday congratulators should not only send birthday gifts, but also wish the congratulated people, saying such auspicious words as "Longevity is better than Nanshan Mountain" and "Happiness is like the East China Sea".
In order to create a birthday celebration atmosphere, lanterns and big candles are usually hung from a warm birthday, that is, the day before the birthday.
Hang up Shou Xingtu, banners, etc.
People who celebrate their birthdays wear auspicious clothes and are bowed by the younger generation or congratulated by relatives and friends.
Daughter and son-in-law need to send clothes, shoes and socks and other birthday gifts in addition to the general birthday gifts.
In the old society, vulgar and relatively wealthy people had to hire a troupe to play the immortal drama.
Xi Shou often sings Pingdiao, Lianhualuo or "next door drama" (this kind of drama is a folk art based on ventriloquism, which has been lost at present).
The main content of Xi Shou's plays is mostly festive, and the end of the play ends with a happy ending of praying for good luck.
Xinchang custom birthday celebration is also held one year in advance for special reasons, which is called "holding nine heads"
In addition, people think that living to the age of 66 is a difficulty in the journey of life.
To get through this, you have to eat 66 pieces of meat to get through smoothly.
Therefore, on her sixty-sixth birthday, her daughter or niece offered sixty-six pieces of meat to the birthday girl. If you are a vegetarian for a long life, you will use the same amount of dried tofu instead.
With the development of society, the progress of the times and the evolution of the world, the ancient custom of celebrating the celebration has changed greatly in form and content, although it exists.
People generally no longer worship gods and ancestors, thus eliminating the complicated etiquette of celebrating birthdays.
Usually, Kaya Hioki wine is used for birthday celebration, and noodles, steamed bread and cakes are distributed.
Feeding people with noodles is called "longevity noodles", which means prolonging life.
According to the different hobbies of longevity, the younger generation gives gifts that are beneficial to physical and mental health, and birthday celebrations give updated content.