Einstein's success story (1) Einstein, the greatest physicist in the 20th century, was the standard-bearer of the scientific revolution. 1March 879 14 was born in a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany. The small electrical appliance factory run by his father and uncle and the liberal thought of his family made him influenced by science and philosophy and music in his childhood. His cerebellum is full of strange ideas. For example, when he was 4 years old, he wanted to know why the compass always faces south. What is driving it? The wave of anti-Semitism in primary schools, militaristic education methods and religious etiquette made him hate authority. He said: I 12 was a Christian. By reading popular science books, I soon realized that many stories in the Bible were not true. I think young people are deliberately deceived by the government with lies? 12 years old, read geometry in one breath and practice proving theorems in his own way. He especially likes reading books such as Force and Matter in the popular series of natural science. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, he read Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and turned his thinking to the logic in the universe, philosophy and natural phenomena. He is excellent in math and physics. Because of the poor nervous system? After dropping out of school, the school let him drop out of school because of his liberal ideas. He failed in the humanities examinations in Italian and Swiss universities because of his poor literature level in middle school and poor grades in foreign languages and biology classes. 1988+0895 He was in Afghanistan. The old college preparatory class had a good year's study and life. He will always keep his thoughts in mind, such as? The problem of chasing light? When the observer follows the light, will he see that the electromagnetic wave forms a standing wave that stops? 1896 Joined the Faculty Department of Zurich University of Technology (actually the Department of Mathematics and Physics). He likes to observe actual phenomena in the physics laboratory, read original scientific works and think about major problems in modern physics. 1900 After graduation, he was unemployed for two years before becoming a third-level appraiser in the Swiss Patent Office. The seven years here are his brilliant scientific creation period. +0902 ~ 65438+. Olympia Academy of Sciences? . 1908 is a part-time lecturer at the University of Berne. 1909 left the patent office to be an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. 19 1 1 was a professor of theoretical physics at the Deutschland University in Prague. 19 12 was a professor at his alma mater, Swiss federal institute of technology Zurich.56686 Einstein was persecuted and forced to leave Germany. 1933 moved to the United States and served as a professor at Princeton Institute of Advanced Studies until 1945 retired. During his stay in the United States, 1940 obtained American citizenship.
Einstein is one of the most creative and intelligent figures in human history. He created four fields of physics in his life: special relativity, general relativity, cosmology and unified field theory. He is one of the main founders of quantum theory, and has also made great contributions to the theory of molecular motion and quantum statistics.
1905, Einstein wrote six papers in the patent office in his spare time. In April, May and June of 5438+February, three papers were about Brownian motion of suspended particles in liquid. He imagined that the actual size of molecules could be determined by observing the irregular motion of suspended particles caused by the fluctuation of molecular motion. This paper tries to solve the problem of whether atoms exist in the scientific and philosophical circles for a long time. Three years later, it was confirmed by the precise experiment of French physicist Perrin. In March, the paper "A Speculative Viewpoint on the Generation and Transformation of Light" applied Planck's quantum concept to the propagation of light, arguing that light is composed of light quantum, which is both fluctuating and granular. So Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics with 192 1 In June, he discussed the electrodynamics of moving objects. He put forward the special theory of relativity completely. Because of the historical achievements in these three different fields, he is destined to work in the academic institution of 1908. After the establishment of special relativity, Einstein was not satisfied and tried to extend the principle of relativity to non-inertial system. Starting from the fact that the gravitational masses are equal, Einstein founded the general theory of relativity in1915 ~1916 after years of hard exploration. Later, Einstein used the results of general relativity to study the space-time structure of the whole universe. 109 17 published a paper "He used scientific arguments to infer that the universe is finite and unbounded in space, which is a revolution in cosmology. In 2004, he and Indian physicist Bose put forward the quantum statistical theory of grassland gas, namely bose-einstein statistics. During the period from 1925 to 1955, Einstein went all out to explore the unified field theory. He tried to extend the general theory of relativity to include not only. It also includes electromagnetic field, that is, seeking unified field theory. Unfortunately, he never succeeded. However, since the 1970s, the idea of unified field theory has shown its vitality in a new form, pointing out the direction for the future development of physics.
Einstein's scientific achievements are closely related to his philosophical thoughts. He inherited the natural science materialism tradition that a natural scientist must have, absorbed Spinoza's rationalism thought and Hume's and Mach's empiricism critical spirit, and formed his own unique scientific thought and scientific research method after his lifelong pursuit of truth and scientific practice. He firmly believes in the unity and rationality of the B- natural boundary, and believes in people's rational thinking ability. It is the highest goal of his life to gain a unified understanding of nature, rules and surnames. As the guiding ideology of scientific activities, the thoughts of unity, simplicity, relativity and symmetry have been widely used in his scientific exploration. He is also a master who skillfully uses empirical thinking, imagination and logic, intuition and mathematics.
Perhaps only Newton and Darwin can match Einstein's contribution to scientific thought in history. At the same time, Einstein cared about social progress and human destiny with great enthusiasm. He has always waged an indomitable struggle against the war of aggression, militarism and fascism, national oppression and racial discrimination. +09 14 When World War I broke out, Einstein signed an anti-war declaration endorsed by only four people, and then actively participated in the activities of underground anti-war organizations. After the war, he devoted himself to the activities of restoring mutual understanding among people of all countries, and went to France, Britain, the Netherlands and other places to shout for it. At the urging of Hungarian physicist szilard, Einstein suggested in 1939 that Roosevelt should develop an atomic bomb before the Germans. On the eve of the end of World War II, when he learned that American atomic bombs bombed densely populated Japanese cities, he was shocked and filled with indignation. He felt very sorry for writing to Roosevelt. After the war, he fought tirelessly in the village and launched a peace movement against nuclear war and American fascist terror. He expressed deep sympathy for the working people living in dire straits in old China. September 18? After the incident, he repeatedly called on other countries to take joint economic sanctions to stop Japanese aggression against China, such as 1938 Shen Junru +0936? Seven gentlemen? Arrested for anti-Japanese war, enthusiastically participated in rescue and solidarity. Ainju has made an epoch-making contribution to the establishment of natural science, and it is very commendable that he is so earnest and enthusiastic about dealing with social and political issues.
Throughout Einstein's life, we can say that he is not only a great scientist, but also an outstanding thinker with the spirit of philosophical exploration. At the same time, he is also a world citizen with a strong sense of justice and social responsibility. He advocated reason all his life. I believe that the progress of mankind is to make science benefit mankind and integrate truth, goodness and beauty. He thinks? Only by devoting oneself to society can one find the meaning of a short and risky life. The true value of a person depends on the degree and significance of his self-liberation first. This is a true portrayal and perfect embodiment of Einstein's life.
Einstein died at Princeton. According to his will, no activities will be held. Without a monument, the ashes will be scattered in a place that will never be kept secret, and no place will be sacred.
Einstein's Success Story (2): Life Story Einstein is the greatest physicist of our time. He loved physics and devoted his life to the theoretical research of physics. People call him Copernicus in the 20th century and Newton in the 20th century.
Einstein grew up in an era of rapid changes in physics. With the efforts of a generation of physicists represented by him, the development of physics has entered a new historical period. The theoretical system of classical physics established by Galileo and Newton has experienced nearly 200 years of development. By the middle of19th century, brilliant achievements have been made due to the discovery of the law of conservation and transformation of energy, the establishment of thermodynamics and statistical physics, especially the discovery of electromagnetism by Faraday and Maxwell. These achievements convinced many physicists at that time that the theoretical problems in the field of physics had been solved in principle, leaving only details for future generations to supplement and develop. However, the course of history is just the opposite, followed by a series of new phenomena that can not be explained by classical physics: ether drift experiment, radioactivity of elements, electron movement, blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect and so on. Faced with this new situation, physicists generally try to solve the contradiction by mending the old theoretical framework. However, young Einstein was not bound by the old tradition. On the basis of the research work of Lorenz and others, he made essential changes to some basic concepts such as space and time. This great breakthrough in theory ushered in a new era of physics.
Einstein's most important contribution in his life is the theory of relativity. 1905 published a paper entitled "on electrodynamics of moving objects", put forward the principle of relativity in a special sense and the principle of invariance of light speed, and established the special theory of relativity. This theory includes Newtonian mechanics as a special case of low-speed motion theory. It reveals the essential unity of time and space as the existing form of matter, profoundly reveals the unity of mechanical motion and electromagnetic motion in kinematics, further reveals the unity of matter and motion (equivalence of mass and energy), develops the principle that matter and motion cannot be separated, and lays a theoretical foundation for the utilization of atomic energy. Then, after years of efforts, he established the general theory of relativity in 19 15, further revealing the unified relationship between four-dimensional space-time and matter, pointing out that space-time cannot exist independently without matter, and the structure and nature of space depend on the distribution of matter. It is not a flat Euclidean space, but a curved Riemannian space. According to the gravitational theory of general relativity, he concluded that light travels along a curve rather than a straight line in the gravitational field. This theoretical prediction was confirmed by British astronomers in the solar eclipse observation in 19 19, when the whole world was shocked. 1938, he made great progress in the motion of general relativity, that is, he deduced the motion equation of an object from the field equation, further revealing the unity among time and space, matter, motion and gravity. Since the 1960s, due to the great development of experimental technology and astronomy, the research on general relativity and gravity theory has been paid attention to. In addition, Einstein's research on cosmology, the unified field theory of gravity and electromagnetism, and quantum theory all contributed to the development of physics.
Einstein is not only a great scientist, an outstanding thinker with the spirit of philosophical exploration, but also an upright person with a high sense of social responsibility. He lived in Germany and the United States, the center of western political vortex, and experienced two world wars. He deeply realized how the fruits of a scientist's labor will affect the society and what responsibility an intellectual should bear to the society.
Einstein wholeheartedly hoped that science would benefit mankind, but he witnessed the great damage brought by science and technology in two world wars. Therefore, he believes that the issue of war and peace is the most important issue in the contemporary era, and it is in this respect that he has made the most speeches in his life. His first public statement on political issues was a statement against World War I signed in 19 14. His last speech on political issues was signed in April. 1955? Russell? Einstein Declaration? This is still an appeal to people to unite to prevent the outbreak of a new world war.
In the gallery of thinkers in the 20th century, Einstein is the embodiment of justice, kindness and truth. His character competes with the heaven, the earth, the sun and the moon, and his scientific contribution will be admired by mankind for generations to come.
This book not only outlines Einstein's great life with full and accurate historical facts, but also explores the spiritual connotation of Einstein's thought and personality from the source of human culture. In the book, metaphysical physical theory and legendary stories may form a deep and interesting three-dimensional picture in the reader's field of vision to explain the historical and cultural process of the 20th century. At the same time, we will understand Einstein in the historical atmosphere and silently accept Einstein's spiritual inspiration in the realistic situation.
Einstein opened up a new path for contemporary physics with the sword of reason, and also cut off all the monsters in the world with the sword of reason. Today, where is this sword of reason? Should we look for this sword of reason? This is a huge question mark left by Einstein. Everyone who enters the 2 1 century should meditate in front of this question mark, and should take over Einstein's sword of reason and work hard for a harmonious and just 2 1 century.
Einstein's success story (3): People commented that Einstein was one of the founders of quantum mechanics, but he was not satisfied with the subsequent development of quantum mechanics. Einstein always thought? Incomplete quantum mechanics? But without a good explanation model, there will be famous? God doesn't roll dice? A cry of denial! Einstein didn't accept quantum mechanics as a complete theory until his death. Einstein also famously said:? Does the moon only exist when you look at him? Not only does God roll the dice, but he always throws them out of our sight! ? Stephen? William? Hawking
Einstein is often called a lonely man. In this sense, I think he is really a lonely person. His philosophy can be regarded as a kind of transcendental materialism, reaching the forefront of metaphysics, where the entanglement with the self-world can be completely cut off. For me, science and art are both manifestations of our nature, which are higher than our biological needs and have ultimate value. Tagore
Albert. Einstein Prize is an award for theoretical physics. It was first awarded by Princeton Institute of Advanced Studies on 195 1 with a prize of 15000 USD. Later, the bonus was reduced to 5000 dollars. Einstein was a judge of this award.
1955 August, four months after Einstein's death, the 99th element was named? Hey? (Einstein) In memory of Einstein's contribution.
From 1965 to 1978, the US Postal Service issued a set? Famous American? A series of stamps, including Einstein, with a face value of 8 cents.
1The asteroid 200 1 discovered on March 5, 973 was named Einstein.
Albert. Einstein's medal was won by Albert in Bonn, Switzerland? The Einstein Society was established and awarded the license, and the license was awarded for the first time on 1979 to reward those who made outstanding contributions to Einstein's related things.
Einstein satellite is an X-ray observation satellite, which is jointly manufactured by Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and NASA. It was launched in June1978165438+10/3. Its original name was HEAO-2, and it was named after Einstein to commemorate the 0/00th anniversary of his birth.
Albert. The Einstein World Science Prize was established by the World Cultural Committee and was first awarded in 1984. Its purpose is to stimulate scientific research and technological research and development, and the prize is $65,438+$00,000.
1990, Einstein's name was engraved in the German Hall of Fame in Volkhara. This memorial is located in regensburg, Bavaria. In the same year, Time magazine selected Einstein as the man of the 20th century.
In 2000, EA's Command and Conquest series Red Alert 2 listed Einstein as one of its game characters.
The International Federation of Pure and Applied Physics has designated 2005 as the International Year of Physics to commemorate Einstein? The year of miracles? 100th anniversary.
In 2008, Einstein entered the New Jersey Hall of Fame.
Einstein's cross and Einstein's ring are the products of gravitational lens effect, which is predicted by general relativity.
There's an Albert in Potsdam, Germany? Einstein Science Park. The Einstein building in the park is an observatory.
There is a bronze statue of Einstein in Washington, DC, USA. This statue is located on Constitution Avenue in the southwest corner of the National Academy of Sciences.
Albert. The Einstein Peace Prize was awarded by Albert of Chicago. The Einstein Peace Foundation was established with a prize of $50,000.
Einstein's success story (IV): Famous sayings of people 1, imagination is more important than knowledge.
Albert. Einstein's imagination is more important than knowledge.
Logic will take you from one place to another. Imagination will take you anywhere.
Logic will take you from A to B, and imagination will take you anywhere.
The joy of appreciation and understanding is the most beautiful gift of nature.
Getting pleasure from observation and understanding is the best gift given by nature.
Don't try to be a successful person, but try to be a valuable person.
Try to be a valuable person, not a successful one.
5. If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough.
If you can't explain it simply, it means you haven't understood it well.
6. When the solution is simple, God is answering.
When the answer is simple, the answer is God.
A question that sometimes puzzles me: am I crazy or are others crazy?
There is a question that often puzzles me: am I crazy or is someone else crazy?
Isn't it strange that I have become such a popular person after only writing unpopular books?
My books never sell well, but isn't it strange that I am such a famous person?
Few people see with their eyes and think with their heads.
Only a few people are observing with their own eyes and thinking with their own heads.
The most incomprehensible thing in the world is that it is understandable.
The most incomprehensible thing in this world is that it can be understood.
The value of a person should be judged by what he gives, not by what he can get.
A person's value should be judged by his contribution, not by his achievements.
Only by devoting oneself to society can we find the meaning of a short and dangerous life.
Only by devoting oneself to society can one find the meaning of that short and risky life.
Life is like riding a bike. In order to keep balance, you must keep moving forward.
Life is like riding a bike. If you want to keep your balance, you must move forward.
14 There is no such thing as luck, and the most accidental accident seems inevitable.