First, the specific explanation of the pear garden

Liyuan was originally another name of China ancient opera team. Traditionally, China people call the troupe and the troupe "Liyuan", the opera actors as "children of Liyuan", the families who have been engaged in opera for several generations as "Liyuan Family" and the drama circle as "Liyuan Community". Liyuan was an institution for training musicians in China in the Tang Dynasty.

The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says: "Xuanzong not only knows music, but also loves music. He selected 300 children of the left geisha to teach in Liyuan. If the voice is wrong, the emperor will feel it and correct it. He is a disciple of the Emperor Liyuan. " It is known that it was set by the imperial court during Xuanzong. The main duty of the pear garden is to train musical instrument players, and coordinate with the Taichang Temple and the internal and external teaching workshops specializing in ritual music for performing songs and dances. Later generations used to call the opera circle the pear garden circle or the pear garden line, and the opera actors were called disciples of the pear garden.

Second, the classification of children

Children in Liyuan are divided into sitting department, standing department, small department, male department and female department. Generally speaking, the sitting part is an excellent actor, and the musicians sit in the hall to play. The number of dancers is about 3 to 12, and the dance is elegant, accompanied by fine music of silk and bamboo. Rib is an ordinary actor, and musicians stand under the hall to perform. There are 60 to 80 dancers, and the dance is magnificent and magnificent. The accompanying musical instruments are drums and gongs (that is, golden pheasants), which are huge in size. The small department is a children's performance team.

In addition, there are dance departments, which are divided into Wen dance and Jian dance. The Royal Academy of Music, Dance and Opera has such a large number of screenwriters, both men and women, which appeared more than 1000 years ago, which is rare in the world. There are men and women in Jiao Fang, and most of them are actresses. Like Yichun Academy of Fine Arts, they are all female singers and dancers. Most of the actors in Yichun Academy are prostitutes. From Jiao Fangji, we can learn something about the life of prostitutes.

Third, Liyuan Yidi

Before liberation, "the first brother of Liyuan" was called "the grave of a player". These sites are all built in outer cities, such as Anqing Yiyuan and Chuntai Yiyuan in Chongwen District. Qian Shan Yiyuan Garden, An Su Yiyuan Garden and Liyuan Garden in Xuanwu District. Gao Langting, a well-known artist from Anqing, Anhui Province, has been in charge of the "Sanqing Class" for many years. 1790 (55 years of Qianlong) won a high reputation in Beijing after performing in Beijing with Sanqing class, which set a precedent for Huiban to dominate Beijing theater.

With the rapid development of Anhui opera in Beijing, there are four joys, spring harmony, spring stage, loose bamboo, three rivers, golden jade and Chongqing. Each Huizhou class has its own advantages, such as the local operas in Sanqing class, the Kunqu opera in Sixi class, the martial arts in Hechun class and the children actors in Chuntai class. Therefore, it is known as "the axis of Sanqing", "the tune of four joys", "the son of the river" and "the baby of the spring stage", and it is also called "the four major classes in Huizhou".