There have been two major breakthroughs in the history of rice production technology in China, namely, the high-variety dwarf variety started in the late 1950s and the successful hybrid rice breeding started in the late 1970s, which was popularized and applied in production. The formation of these two breakthrough technologies and the research and development and popularization of supporting cultivation techniques reflect the matching of excellent rice varieties and methods in China. With the breakthrough of these two technologies, the rice yield in China has been continuously increased from 196 1 to 1997, and from 196 1 to 136 kg/mu. During this period, the yield per mu of rice increased by an average of 7.6 kilograms per year.