The first wave of immigration
According to historical records, after the Miao ancestors entered the agricultural society, they lived in the plain area between the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in eastern China. There was a war with the eastern Yanhuang tribe group, "competing for the Central Plains". After Jiuli Group was defeated and Chiyou was killed, its tribal group was forced to leave the eastern plain and move southwest to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, forming a new tribal group of "Sanmiao" in history. This is the first great migration of Miao ancestors.
About 4,000 years ago, according to historical records and legends, clans and tribes headed by Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou had occupied different regions at that time, and Chiyou was the chief of Jiuli tribe group, mainly occupying Jianghuai area. It is said that Chiyou has three great inventions: criminal law, weapons and religion. There are wars, knives, halberds and crossbows among the weapons, which shocked the world. Is a powerful and skilled tribe, invented criminal law, weapons and religion, and promoted agricultural production of raising livestock and planting plants. At that time, the tribal productivity led by the Yellow Emperor also developed rapidly, and it has changed from a matriarchal society dominated by gathering, fishing and hunting to a paternal clan society that "governs five kinds of qi" and "five kinds of qi". This progress forced people's organizations at that time to desperately look for land, especially land suitable for raising livestock and planting plants. Obviously, the Yellow River valley in central China is an ideal place for everyone. Fan Wenlan, a famous historian in China, said: "The north and south of the Yellow River in central China is a fertile plain area. All the ethnic groups living around want to move in. So it has become a stage for various ethnic struggles and a place where different cultures interact with each other. At that time, the tribes around the Yellow River Basin, Mr. Fan Wenlan, said: "The east is the watershed between the Yi people and Jishui, which is the base of the Yi people. It is likely to enter Shandong from the northeast along the Bohai coast and go south to the Huaishui watershed. Miao Li Yao, a barbarian in the south, moved from the Yangtze River basin to the Yellow River basin in the north. In the west, the Qiang people invaded the Central Plains from the west and lived together with the Miao and Li nationalities. In ancient legends, the Tedi people in the north have no trace of them. It is not difficult to see that the Qiang and Miao nationalities were the first to occupy the Yellow River basin. A group led by Yan Di, a member of Qiang nationality, and Chiyou, a member of Miao nationality, was very active at that time. Mr. Fan Wenlan said: "Yan Di is said to have a strong surname. He belongs to the Western Region and moved to the Central Plains long ago." "Jiuli is the strongest among barbarians, probably a combination of nine tribes. Each tribe contains nine brothers, a total of 81 brothers. Chiyou became a great chief. It is said that eighty-one Kui was born in animal body and human language, eating sand and stones, with hard ears and horns on his head. At that time, it was difficult to determine whether the ancestors of Miao people were all animals and people, eating sand and stones, with stiff ears and horns on their heads. However, there is no doubt that this tribe was powerful at that time. As Wang Tongling said in "China National History": "At that time, the Miao culture was quite developed and the criminal law was first invented; Second, invent weapons; Third, invent religion. Later, the five punishments, weapons and armor, and ghost beliefs used by the Han people were mostly created by the Miao people, and the Han people followed suit. " Song Wenbing also wrote in the book China Ethnic History: "Miao Yi culture is indescribable in modern times, but it was extremely developed in ancient times and had a great influence on the Han nationality. Briefly, it can be divided into: 1. In criminal law, Shu Lu's punishment' Miao people use ghosts and gods to make punishment, but the punishment of five abuses is the law. Therefore, it is a punishment for whales to cross this line. The criminal law was invented by Miao people. Han people follow its use. Second, weapons, history books say,' Chiyou's elite soldiers made an insurrection, taking the sword, halberd and crossbow as their targets'. Also in charge of several articles on "Chiyou takes gold as a soldier". Chiyou was the chief of Miao nationality when he was in the Yellow Emperor, and he was also a weapon invented by Miao nationality. Thirdly, religion and Chu language; The decline of young people, the confusion of morality, the confusion of man and god, the impossibility of finding things, the wife enjoying their achievements, the family being a witch, not needing quality and sacrificing the people. Weapons are self-defense weapons, criminal law and religion, and are also indispensable for maintaining social order. These three things were invented by Miao nationality, which is of great benefit to Han nationality. "From the above records, we can see that the Miao ancestors were in a leading position in the civilization sequence of the Chinese nation.
When Yan Di (Qiang) and Chiyou (Miao) occupied the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yellow Emperor tribe was still in Shaanxi. The Qiang and Miao people live together. Although they didn't show any cooperation, they didn't cause any conflict. Until the war between the Qiang and Miao nationalities occurred in the "inflammatory decline" and "political chaos", everyone was vying for a fertile land in the Yellow River basin. According to historical records, Chiyou won the battle between the two nations. Emperor Yan retreated to the west and met the Yellow Emperor who moved eastward. Historical records said: "Xuanyuan's famous Xiong Bi, Yi, Yi,? Tiger, in order to fight with Yan Di in the wild of Hanquan, won its ambition after three wars. " After the Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di, or Yan Di surrendered to the Yellow Emperor, he continued to push eastward and challenged Chiyou, the king of Jiuli. However, Chiyou is not in danger of "decline" and "lofty in the world". It is not easy for the Yellow Emperor to attack him. Chiyou soldiers used knives, halberds and crossbows, and the Yellow Emperor only "stripped trees for soldiers". "Taiping Magnolia" contains: "The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou are invincible in nine wars." This shows the fierce competition between the two ethnic groups. According to Chen Anren's History of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War, "The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought three wars. The first time in Hanquan, the second time in Zhuolu and the third time in Hebei, China. The final victory will be in Zhongyu. " According to the situation at that time, Chiyou was very likely to win, as Xia Cengyou said in "Ancient History of China": "Between bronze and wood, Chiyou will win, and the Yellow Emperor will undoubtedly lose." But Chiyou finally failed. Regarding the death of Chiyou, Xia Cengyou said: "Either Huangdi asked Ying Long to kill Chiyou, or Huangdi asked Nuwa to kill Chiyou, or Huangdi was killed by Xuan Nv's military symbol." It is difficult to verify whether Chiyou, who has advanced weapons and is also known as the "God of War", was killed in battle or murdered, or there were other reasons. In short, the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou "competed for the Central Plains" and Chiyou failed.
After the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou and killed Chiyou in CIMC, of course, some of the Jiuli Group led by Chiyou died with its leader, and some of them became prisoners and slaves of the Yellow Emperor. However, there are not a few people who have not been sacrificed or captured. At that time, these people's plans, in addition to pushing other leaders to clean up the mess and make a comeback, were only to withdraw from the Yellow River basin and move to other favorable areas. The former method seems difficult to do at present; The latter method may work. Where the hell are we going? There are Yi in the east, Di in the north and Qiang in the west. This is ruined. How can we fight them? It is best to get rid of the enemy's pursuit quickly and retreat to the Yangtze River basin. At that time, there were remnants of Chiyou along the way from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin. The so-called "copper head and iron forehead, eating sand and stones, stiff ears and horns, can turn people around", in addition to death, but also have the strength to sweep away all obstacles along the way. When they reached the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, they settled down. After more than 400 years of development, they established a new country there. This country, which later became the Sanmiao country, was the first migration wave in Miao history.
The second wave of immigration
The other giants Chiyou moved to the south, and gradually became stronger in Zuodongting and Right, calling themselves "Three Miao Countries", and once again clashed with Huaxia Group headed by Yao, Shun and Yu. After three generations of Yao, Shun and Yu, Sanmiao Group disintegrated, and the remaining main force was forced to move to the mountainous area of Jiangxi and Hunan south of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, which was called "Nan Man", "Man Jing" or "Jingchu" in history. This is the second migration wave in Miao history.
"Sanmiao" is a country established after the rest of Chiyou moved south. Mr. Liang Qichao said: "Three Miao and Nine Li, two families and one family". The ancient people were named after the country, just like the later Qin and Han nationalities. Chiyou was defeated, and the main force of Jiuli was not damaged. After moving to the Yangtze River and Shanghai, it developed rapidly and occupied a large area of land. "Understanding of Shangshudi" said: "The three seedlings are now Huguang, Wuchang, Yuezhou and Jiujiang, Jiangxi. According to historical records, Wu's three Miao countries are Zuodong Tinghe, and now Jiangzhou, Zhengzhou and Yuezhou are also ". Liang Qichao added: "The original base of this nation (Miao) remains in the designated position, with Dongting on the left and Peng Li on the right. Now Yuezhou and Changsha in Hunan; Wuchang, Hubei; Yuanzhou, Ruizhou, Linjiang, Nanchang, Nankang and Jiujiang in Jiangxi are also their places. These places have fertile land and mild climate, no less than the Yellow River Basin. After the Miao people moved to this area, they engaged in agricultural production of raising livestock and planting plants; First, the five soldiers, knives, halberds and crossbows left by Chiyou should be taught at any time to protect their own safety. They spent hundreds of years here safely.
It was not until the Yao and Shun period ("Yao is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and Shun is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor") that Sanmiao became a proper name, meaning that Sanmiao was founded in Yao. The Miao people became a member of the Huaxia Alliance in Jiayao. Their former leader represented Sanmiao at the meeting of the Huaxia Alliance, and Yao sought the opinions of the Miao people, hence the name "Yaotou". ⑧ "We don't need Sanmiao's clothes to fight ⑧", which shows that Sanmiao and Huaxia Group headed by Yao Shun had a period of peace. Later, the influence of Sanmiao developed rapidly. In order to consolidate his dominant position, Yao used Sanmiao's excuse of "the virtue of nine miles after the decline". The attack on Sanmiao lasted for many years until the reign of Yao in 76 years (2208 BC). Beat Sanmiao. Yao's Put Your Head on Chongshan and Three Dangers and Three Seedlings (1 1). The author agrees with Mr. Ma Shaoqiao that Sanmiao fled to the Three Dangers, that is, Sanmiao fled to the mountains around the original tribe. Because of this, Sanmiao only participated in the water control project in Yu, and Sanmiao can still become the biggest opponent of the Central Plains Huaxia Alliance, so that there will be future wars. If Sanmiao's people still fled to Dunhuang in the west, there would be no war against Sanmiao between Dongting and Heping in the future.
"Before Yao was born, Wu Shun went to prison" (12). After Shun seized the leadership of Huaxia Alliance, he attacked Sanmiao in disguise. According to historical records, the Miao people who were defeated and scattered in the Yangtze River went up the Xiangjiang River and entered Cangwu. Their purpose may be to flee for life, or to make a comeback, but Shun refused to relax his "personal expedition". I personally led a team to Cangwu. In the absence of retreat, the three Miao people fought back. Shun was defeated in a panic, and Shun also fought for it. This is what the history books say, "Shun collapses the wilderness of Cangwu", and the training even makes it clear that "Shun recruits three seedlings and dies Cangwu". After his death, Shun was buried in the depths of Jiuyi Mountain, later called Lingling.
After the death of Shun, Yu succeeded to the throne. So a hydraulic engineer. When Shun was still in power, he began to design water conservancy projects. After he acceded to the throne, he changed his normal state and practiced military and political affairs. He didn't attack Sanmiao Jiuyi, but rushed the soldiers of Huaxia Alliance to water conservancy. At that time, not only ordinary people, but also other tribes and even Sanmiao were moved by this move and were willing to cooperate with Yu Xia. At that time, Sanmiao lived in the Yangtze River valley, and Yu's water control project could not be successful without Sanmiao's participation. An ancient historical legend among Miao people in southern Sichuan said: Yu Xia first challenged Sanmiao to a decisive battle. At that time, Sanmiao pointed out that Jiuhe River was seriously flooded and needed dredging. If you want to fight me, you can only finish the task of dredging Jiuhe. Yu Xia went on strike and joined hands with Sanmiao to dredge nine rivers. The results of cooperation between Sanmiao and Yu Xia in dredging nine rivers are recorded as follows:
First, guide weak water. As for the resultant force, the aftermath will fall into quicksand. Second, guide the black water. As for the three dangers, entering the South China Sea, this record leads to two waters outside. Third, guide the river to accumulate stones. As for Longmen, there are Huayang in the south, pilasters in the east, Jin Meng in the east, Rona in the east, Daxian in the north and Jiuhe in the north, all of which flow from the river to the sea. This record also guides the river. Fourth, the species of the river led to overflow, flowing eastward to the Han Dynasty and eastward to the surging river. After crossing three rivers, it reaches Dachau, south to Yujiang, east to Huize, Peng Li, east to Beijiang and into the dry sea. Fifth, Minshan River, east to Tuo, east to Li, across Jiujiang. As for Dongling, east to north, it will meet on the beach, east to Zhongjiang and into the sea. Sixth, introduce Jianghan, flow eastward to help, enter the river, overflow to Xing, leave the north, east to Holland, and north to Wen. Seventh, the Huaihe River leads from Tongbai, and will meet in Dongsiyi and enter the sea eastward. This is also the record of Huaihe River. Eighth, guide Wei, from the same point of the black mouse, east to Li, east to Jing, east to Qiju, into the river. Ninth, the river leads from Xiong 'er, flows into the river in the north, in Iraq in the east, and in the northeast. This record introduces the second giant river (13).
Without the participation of Sanmiao and September 1st, Yu Xia would have three heads and six arms, and it would be difficult to run all over nine rivers. Moreover, judging from the management of the nine rivers mentioned above, the Yangtze River basin has good diversion, less floods and more water conservancy. If Sanmiao people were not in charge of the arduous work of the Yangtze River, the flood would not be as serious as the Yellow River Basin, and water conservancy might not be as convenient as it is now. In a word, the three temples contributed to Yu's water control.
However, after Yu Xia succeeded in water control, he drew out his soldiers and launched a general attack on Sanmiao Group. Yu believes that Sanmiao lives in the Yangtze River valley and threatens his rule at any time. In order to consolidate his position, he must lift his armpit. Let's take a look at Yu Xia's oath from Sanmiao:
"Fools have their seedlings, coma is disrespectful, virtue is humiliating, it is against morality, gentlemen are in the wild, villains are in the court, and people abandon them, which is the blame of demotion" (14).
Yu Xia has the potential to eliminate the three seedlings. "There was Brother Miao in the 1970s" (15). The war lasted about seventy days, and Sanmiao was finally completely defeated. This war is very cruel. "The death of three seedlings, the variation of five grains, ghosts crying in the suburbs (16)." "When three seedlings die, there will be rain and blood, there will be ice in summer, there will be springs in the soil, and there will be green dragons in the temple, which will go out day and night, but not during the day" (17). See you in March (18). It can be seen that Sanmiao was killed miserably, if the battle between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou. The effective force of Miao nationality has not been annihilated. If the "Three Miao" rose to compete with Huaxia Group after crossing the Yellow River in the south, then in the battle of Xia Yu's Three Miao, the effective force of the Miao people was basically wiped out, and the Miao people never recovered. Of course, in the cruel war of the remaining three Miao people, most Miao people were annihilated, some were redeemed, adopted, enslaved or sacrificed by prisoners, and some were driven out of tribal areas and continued to flee south. Otherwise, there would be no Miao people today. This part of the Miao people who fled south fled to Jiangxi and Hunan, and then lived in seclusion in the mountains. After several years of development, they appeared in the Chinese literature of Central Plains under the names of "Nan Man", "Jingchu" and "Jing Chu". This is the second migration wave in Miao history.
The third wave of immigration
A nation often changes its name as soon as it reaches the next stage of history. Whether someone gave it to him or picked it up by himself, people always called it that, and he was willing to call it that until he was several generations lower than him. These are the names of Jingchu, Man Jing and Nanman. After Yu brutally cut down three seedlings, there were no records of three seedlings in the Central Plains literature. Jingchu, Jing Chu, Man Jing and Nan Man all refer to Miao people. His predecessor was Sanmiaohe, and from Zhou to the end of the Warring States period, the descendants of Sanmiao reappeared in history under the abstract cover of Jing Chuman.
Miao nationality is a great and tenacious nation. After they moved from the swamp to the mountains, the natural conditions changed. Everyone starts from scratch and creates their own living environment. Later, their social economy developed day by day. The Xia Dynasty was followed by the Shang Dynasty. "Bamboo Chronicle" contains: "If a merchant has a levy, he can overcome it. Therefore, "Zheng Jing Jing Jiang" and "The Book of Songs Shang Song Yan Wu" contain: "Tart, vigorously attack Jingchu". It shows that Shang Dynasty also made many expeditions to Jingchu, the descendant of Sanmiao. The representative of Shang Dynasty was Zhou Dynasty. According to historical records, King Zhao of Zhou personally led troops to attack Chu Yudan and Han, and suffered a crushing defeat. Zhou Muwang also personally went to Jiujiang Chu; In Zhou Xuanwang, the magic general was sent to attack the State of Chu on a large scale (19). However, Jingchu was not destroyed, but became strong over the weekend. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it developed into one of the "five tyrants" and "seven heroes" of Chu State. "Chu, a powerful country in the world. There is a witch county in the middle of Guizhou in the west, Zhou Xia Haiyang in the east, Dongting Cangwu in the south, Fenjing Xiyang in the north, and it is also the capital of this overlord "(20). It is the largest country among the Seven Heroes (Thailand, Chu, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Yan and Qi). As for whether Chu is a country founded by Miao people themselves, it remains to be verified. King Wen of Chu said, "I am a barbarian, and I don't have the same surname as China" (2 1), and Chu Wuwang also said, "I am a barbarian, and I have been a rebel these days" (22). At least Miao people are the main residents of Chu, that's for sure.
There were 424 years from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period. During these 424 years, the "five tyrants" and the "seven chivalrous men" fought fiercely. "In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were 2 13 wars; There were two hundred and twenty wars during the Warring States Period "(23). It is impossible for people in any country to live in peace so many times. The conflict of war has brought many disasters to the Miao people. During the prosperous period of Chu, due to the war and disaster, some Miao ancestors were forced to help the old and bring the young to the west. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed Chu, a large number of Miao people fled to the southwest. "Qin Tunba, Shu came to Chu, so Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei barbarians refused to surrender. However, they still continue to breed their race in a difficult environment. " (24) "By the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, up to now, Naaman people have spread all over the mountains, rivers, streams and valleys in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei (25). Most of them returned to Yuanjiang and entered the water "five streams" area in Wuling zone. " Five streams ",namely Xiong Xi, Xixi, Chenxi, Youxi and Wuxi. Among them, Wushui Xiongqian flows through Chengbu, Suining, Huitong and other counties in Hunan and flows into Yuanjiang in Hongjiang; Wuxi, that is, dancing stream or dancing water, flows through Ping Huang, Shibing, Zhenyuan, Cengong and Yuping in Guizhou and Xinhuang, Zhijiang and Huaihua in Hunan. There is also the longest Xi Gu in Yuanjiang called Qingshui River, which originates from Wu Yun in southern Guizhou, flows through southeastern Guizhou, and joins water in Qiancheng, Hunan to become Yuanjiang. Some Miao people moved south along Wushui, some went to Damiaoshan, Sanjiang and other places in Guangxi, and some further moved to Hainan Island. Later, the Miao people appeared in the literature under the names of "Wu Lingren" and "Wuxi people". This is the third great migration in Miao history.
The fourth wave of immigration
As mentioned earlier, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, most of the Miao people migrated and settled in Wuling County, which was called "Wu Lingren" and was also called "Wuxi people" because it was located in the Wuhe area. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Ning Dynasty, the feudal dynasty took a series of large-scale military actions against "Wu Lingren" and "Wuximan", forcing the Miao people to migrate to the west again, and most of them entered Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan. This is the fourth migration wave of Miao people.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, in order to strengthen the centralization of feudal absolutism, the county system was implemented nationwide. The Biography of Nanman in the Later Han Dynasty said: "Qin Zhao Haoqi made Bai Qi take the place of Chu, slightly invaded Nanyi, and later set up Qianzhong County. Hanxing was changed to Wuling County ". At that time, the counties in central Guizhou included Yuan, Chen and Wuxi, where Miao people mainly lived. In the fifth year of Emperor Wudi's reign, Qiandong County was changed to Wuling County. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Wulingman, a secluded mountain area, had a period of stable development until the end of the Western Han Dynasty. "Wu Lingren" formed a powerful force, which attracted the attention of feudal dynasties. "The Biography of Nan Man in the Later Han Dynasty" says: "Martial arts is at its peak, and Wuling is very prosperous". When the Eastern Han regime was established, it was eager to force the southwest nationalities to accept its rule by force, and Wuling County was the first to bear the brunt because of its proximity. "In the 19th year of Jianwu (AD 42), Guangwudi sent general Wuwei Shangliu to lead the army back to Yuanjiang and attacked Wuling Man through Wuling. Wuling defended the Han soldiers in danger, but it was still not allowed to enter, and there was no income. In the 24th year of Jianwu (AD 48), Emperor Guangwu sent Shang Liu to attack Wuling, which was completely annihilated. In the 25th year of Jianwu (AD 49), Song Li and Ma Cheng continued to send troops to attack Wu Ximan in Wuling and were defeated by Wu Lingren. Guangwudi was furious and sent Fu Bo General Ma Yuan to attack Wuling with 40,000 soldiers. Wu Lingren "took the risk of Gao Shou" in Hushantou (now east of Yuanling, Hunan Province), that is, Ma Yuan's army was stopped for more than eight months, most of the Han soldiers died of epidemic disease, and Ma Yuan also died of illness. (26) Since the twenty-ninth year of Jianwu, Han soldiers have continued to attack Wu Ximan in Wuling for four times. Although there is a war going on below Yuanling, the Miao people living in the vast area above Yuanling used up all their food to support the war, resulting in famine. When Ma Yuan commanded the soldiers to attack, the military power was at its peak. Wherever the army went, it killed the people of Wuling. Later, due to the "uneven corvee in counties", the Han Dynasty "increased the rent tax" in Wuling area, which made Wu Lingren, full of resentment and hatred, set off many resistance struggles. Because the Eastern Han Dynasty sent troops to suppress many times, a large number of Miao people were slaughtered, and many people migrated to the west and south again.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Bin sent Pan Jun, the commander-in-chief, to lead 50,000 troops, which "made Wuling stubborn". During the Pu period, he led tens of thousands of refugees from Jinghu to revolt and contacted the Miao people in Wuxi to attack officers and men. Tao Kan, the secretariat of Jingzhou, led troops into Wuxi twice to suppress (27) the "Wu Ximan" uprising in the second year of Yuan Jiaqing (AD 425) in Liu Song. General Shen Qingzhi sent by Liu Song suppressed it and forcibly moved the captive population to Jiantang (now Southern Song Dynasty). (28) In the first year of Hui Yuan (A.D. 473), the feudal dynasty imposed heavy taxes on Wuxi area, stipulating that each household should "transport a certain amount of grain". In the second year, Shen Qingzhi, the secretariat of Jingzhou, said, "I sent an army in the name of good name ... and punished the group severely, and banned fish and salt in Wuxi. The group was quite angry and rebellious (29). In the 12th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 724), Qin, a "Xizhou man", led the troops to revolt, and moved to Yang Sixu, the eunuch, to recruit Guizhou, and "led 60,000 troops and led the first 30,000 ranks" (30). The Beining Dynasty often sent ministers to inspect the five streams, and they often "took credit for making trouble and killing barbarians". (3 1) In the fifth year of Xining (AD 1072), Zhang Dun, the governor of Hubei Road in Jingzhou, sent troops to Yuanzhou (now Zhijiang, Hunan) and Huizhou (now Huitong, Jingxian, Hunan) and reached Rongzhou (now Rongshui County, Guangxi). " Officers and men are stationed along the way, and the fort is arranged. "In short, from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, the feudal dynasty constantly used troops to deal with Wu Lingren and Wuxi people. Soldiers' "repression" and exorbitant taxes forced "Wuxi people" to be displaced and move to the west again. One moved along Wuyang Jiangxi to Sizhou (now Cengong County) and Sinan and other places, "Sinan and other places were still trapped in Wuling Zhong Man in the Han Dynasty" (33) The ancient house was inhabited by barbarians, and it was completely destroyed after being conquered by (Tian) Right (34). The other branch moved to southeast Guizhou along Yuanxi (now Qingshuihe) west. After the Miao ancestors arrived in southeastern Guizhou, they saw that the mountains were high and the valleys were deep, the rivers were deep and the rocks were dangerous, and the cliffs on both sides could not be crossed. Just as Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, described it in Shu Dao Nan, "apes want to climb but cannot climb". This is a good place to be isolated from the outside world and avoid the disaster of war, so they settled here, and some of them further migrated to northern Guizhou, western Guizhou, southern Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi. The distribution is relatively scattered. This is the fourth migration wave in Miao history.