The Western Jin Dynasty experienced civil strife of eight kings in sixteen years, and foreigners from Wuhu took the opportunity to invade the Central Plains, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished. In 3 17 AD, Emperor Si Marui of the Jin Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing) and rebuilt the country in the stable south of the Yangtze River (Eastern Jin Dynasty), while the north was caught in a scuffle, and more than a dozen foreign regimes rose in various places, known as the Sixteen Countries of Wuhu in history.
Later, in the pre-Qin period, Fu Jian, an Adi with Guanzhong as the site, became king. Knowing that Han people with high cultural level should be reused to govern the country, he took Wang Meng, a Han Chinese, as the CEO, and the country gradually rose and became powerful, and in a short time, the former Yan was destroyed, instead, the North was unified, while Fu Jian gradually attacked and destroyed the Eastern Jin Dynasty and unified China. Before his death, Wang Meng always advised Fu Jian not to invade the Eastern Jin Dynasty, because he thought that the former Qin Dynasty was stronger than the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, because the former Qin Dynasty had just unified the north, people's hearts were unstable, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, it was not easy to invade the south.
However, Fu Jian underestimates the enemy, thinking that the millions of troops in the former Qin Dynasty can cut off the water with a whip, and the Yangtze River is not terrible: as long as all the soldiers give the order, the Yangtze River can be cut off! However, the Eastern Jin Dynasty also had certain combat capability. In particular, Xie Xuan trained a powerful northern government soldier, and repeatedly defeated the small-scale invasion of the former Qin Dynasty. Soon after, there was a famous battle at the water in history. In 383 AD, Fu Jian, a former Qin dynasty, led an army south to attack Jin. There are 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry, and the formation is thousands of miles long. Xie An, the prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, took his brother Xie Shi as the conquering commander and his nephew Xie Xuan as the pioneer, and led 80,000 northern government soldiers to meet the main force of the former Qin Dynasty.
When Fu Jian led the army south, his brother Rong's vanguard troops captured Shouyang and sent the captured general Zhu Xu of the Han and Jin Dynasties to Jin Ying to surrender. I didn't expect Zhu Xu to tell Xie Shi about Qin Jun when Cao Ying was still in the Han Dynasty. He said: The Jin army must take advantage of the fact that Qin Jun has not been fully assembled, attack it by surprise, and defeat the former Qin army, so as to ensure its chances of winning. Xie Shi and Xie Xuan agreed to this strategy. Liu Jinlaoji attacked Luo Jian and Qin Jun was defeated. Jin and his army went hand in hand by land and water, reaching the east bank of Feishui.
Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, was in Shouchun Chengtou, overlooking the 8 Jin Army on the other side of Feishui, but he saw neat formation and strong soldiers. He looked north at the grass and trees on Bagong Mountain, and he was afraid. At that time, Qin Jun was deployed on the west bank of Feishui, and 8 Jin Army could not cross the river. Knowing that his soldiers were short of food, Xie Xuan sent messengers to see Fu Rong, asking him to step back and let the Jin army cross the river for a decisive battle. Fu Jian wanted to deliberately let the army retreat a little, and when the Jin army was halfway across the river, he killed it with cavalry. Unexpectedly, it was a late retreat and the battle was in chaos.
Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry, crossed the river and stormed Qin Jun. At the same time, Zhu Xu shouted after the battle: Chi was defeated! Chi Xin thought it was true, and his morale was in chaos. He fled in a hurry, and Fu Rong was killed in the disorderly army. Qin Jun lost his coach, the striker's escape caused panic in the rear forces, and he also fled to the north. Qin Jun suffered a debacle, and Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow. He listened with trepidation all the way, thinking it was the pursuit of the Jin army. Before the First World War, the state of Qin was defeated, and more than 700,000 Qin Jun troops were wiped out.
In the Battle of Feishui, there were more than 800,000 sergeants in the former Qin Dynasty and only 80,000 soldiers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There is a big gap between the two sides in strength, but the former Qin Dynasty still lost, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty won more with less. Why?
First, compare Qin Jin's leadership. At that time, although Fu Jian in the former Qin Dynasty unified the north, it was only a military unification, and the people's hearts were unstable. Wang Meng, CEO of the former Qin Dynasty, once said before his death that the biggest enemy of the country was not the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but the nobles of the former Qin Dynasty, such as Xianbei. This group of people followed Fu Jian's southern expedition, but they had different ambitions. The 800,000-strong army is actually a rabble who has no common mission and vision for the country.
The leaders of the Eastern Jin Dynasty faced not only the battle of survival of the Jin Dynasty, but also the battle of survival of Chinese civilization. Xie An, who was in power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was quite knowledgeable, knowing people and being good at their duties, and uniting all parties, which made the relationship between the ruling classes harmonious and the country no longer torn. At that time, Huan Chong held the relieving power in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Huan family had a grudge against Xie Guyou, but he put the overall situation first and made the two families cooperate with each other to fight against the strong enemy. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the number of soldiers in the northern government was small, but they had strong combat capability. Moreover, southerners are more adaptable to water wars and have natural barriers to drowning, so it is easy to exert their combat effectiveness.
From the perspective of economic factors, it was not long before the Qin Dynasty ended the war to unify the north, and the reserves in all aspects were not perfect, and the economic strength was not strong, which also led to the instability of the people's hearts. The Eastern Jin Dynasty carried out several economic reforms, and the economy was stable and the national treasury was sufficient, so the Eastern Jin Dynasty gained the upper hand economically. Since ancient times, the outcome of wars has been linked to economic strength, and the party with strong economic strength often wins the final victory.
After the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin was badly weakened, and Fu Jian was later killed by his subordinate Yao Chang. All ethnic groups in the territory became independent one after another, and the north split again. The Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south lasted for several decades, and the situation was more stable than that in the north.
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