Note (1) Du Shaoling's five-character swan song: Du Shaoling is Du Fu. The mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di Hou Xu is located in the south of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, and its location is called Shaolingyuan. Du Fu once lived here, calling himself "the young and the old at night". The five-character swan song refers to Du Fu's five-character poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower": "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I finally climb this building. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. There are wars and mountains to the north of this wall, and how can I not cry by this railing? "(2) Fan's relationship: Fan is Fan Zhongyan. Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052) was a statesman and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. People from Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. Fan Wenzheng Gong Ji has been handed down from generation to generation. Among them, the story of Yueyang Tower is the most famous, especially the famous sentence "Worry about the world first, and be happy after the world" is read by the world. The word "worry" refers to the word "worry" and the word "joy". (3) Teng is the heyday: Teng is Teng Zongliang, the son. Henan people in the Northern Song Dynasty were promoted to scholar together with Fan Zhongyan. He once served as Cheng, Tian Zhangge in the temple, and was later demoted to Yueyang for some reason. The following year, he presided over the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower. Fan Zhongyan wrote in Yueyang Tower: "In the spring of four years, Teng was demoted to Baling County. In the second year, the government was harmonious and everything was thriving. It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower and increase its old system. " (4) Lv Chunyang must be drunk after three passes: Lv Chunyang is Lv Dongbin, a famous rock and roll. Literati in Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that he later entered Zhong Nanshan to cultivate immortals and became one of the Eight Immortals. Self-styled pure Yoko. According to Yueyang Local Customs, Lv Dongbin is a good wine, which Zeng San drank in Yueyang Tower. If he left it upstairs. His quatrain said: "Three drunken Yueyang people don't know, Lang Yin flies to Dongting Lake." (5) Poetry, Confucianism, officials and immortals: a poet? Confucianism? Official? A fairy? (6) Before me, where was the past era? This made me cry: This is a good sentence in Chen Ziang's Youzhou Tower, which contains "Before me, where was the past era?" Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fall down. " (7) Antarctic Xiaoxiang: Here is the tour guide until Xiaoxiang Water. (8) The Yangtze River leads to Wuxia in the north: The Yangtze River is the Yangtze River. Wuxia, one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, is located in the west of Badong County, Hubei Province, bordering Wushan County, Sichuan Province. (9) To the west of Yueyang, Baling Mountain is cool. Baling and Yueyang are the mausoleum counties of Cuba. According to legend, Hou Yi once chopped Bashu snake in Dongting Lake in summer, which was named after the bones piled up into mountains. Refreshing refers to the clear and open natural scenery. Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jian Ao": "When the West Mountain comes, it is refreshing." (10) Yajiang, Chengdong Road, Yuezhou: Yuezhou was located in the Sui Dynasty. Ruling Baling (now Yueyang City), Yuan changed to Lu, Ming changed to Fu, and Baling County was established in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yuezhou City is now Yueyang City. The main rock boundary refers to the mountain range connecting east and west. Rock boundary refers to the boundary between mountains and rocks. Some people interpret it as "the land of Asia and Zhou", saying that "Asia and Zhou refers to the southern part of Guangdong today", which means it is too far away. (1 1) Deep thinking: The pond is where the water stops gathering. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu's poem "Biedukezhi, Yueyang Tower" contained a sentence of "storing 700 miles and swallowing different shapes". (12) Leader: Stand upright. (13) townspeople: The main mountain of one side is called townspeople, and a strong mountain is used to describe that side. (14) This poem has real meaning. Who can read it? Use a good word from Tao Yuanming's Drinking. The poem "Drinking" says: "Building a house is in a human environment, and there is no noise of horses and chariots. What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. There is a real meaning in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say. " (15) Dou You: Zi Gui, Zi Zizhou,No. Lanquan. Qing Daoguang is a native of Ji Shu Village, Luoping, Yunnan, and an official in Hunan. The alliance said that Dou E wrote it unjustly, but he wrote it; Said he wrote it in Ji Shao. According to Han Yan's article "Yueyang Lou Chang Lian and the Author Dou Yi", the author of this couplet must be Dou Yi. (16) Yueyang Tower: It is one of the three famous pavilions in the south of the Yangtze River. Since ancient times, it has been said that Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building. It was originally a parade platform for Lu Su to train the water army in Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period. In the fourth year of Tang Kaiyuan (7 16), Zhang Shuling, secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, said that he would stay in Yuezhou and build a building here. In the fifth year of Song Dynasty (1045), Teng stayed in Baling County the following year to rebuild Yueyang Tower. On both sides of the main building, Sanzui Pavilion, Xianmei Pavilion and Huaifu Pavilion were also built. Fan Zhongyan was asked to write a story about Yueyang Tower, which was widely circulated at sea and the reputation of Yueyang Tower doubled.

A remarkable feature of appreciating this couplet is that it points out the mountains and rivers in the way of question and answer, and writes out the mountains and rivers and geographical environment of Dongting Lake; The second notable feature is that the author uses many allusions, famous sayings and anecdotes to describe scenes and landscapes, expressing the author's feelings incisively and vividly, with rich connotations; The third notable feature is that the parallelism method is quite vivid, and two sets of parallelism sentences are used up and down, which reflect the legend and surrounding situation of Yueyang Tower from all angles and reveal the reasons why Yueyang Tower is famous and magnificent.

The first part of the alliance praised the wonderful beauty of Yueyang Tower from the beginning, and then listed typical historical sites to discuss: First, Du Fu's five-word swan song, the poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower" praised by the world, made people appreciate the vastness of Dongting Lake; Secondly, it is pointed out that Fan Zhongyan's kind words have doubled the reputation of Yueyang Tower. Re-discussion on the construction of Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyan's evaluation of Teng's political achievements: Finally, with the myth of Lv Dongbin and the poem of Chen Ziang as the end, the strangeness and beauty of Yueyang Tower are promoted to the highest level. Because there are many myths, legends and poems about Lv Dongbin in Yueyang. One of the poems goes like this: "The farther north you swim, the more conscious you are, and the green snake in your sleeve is bold." Three drunken Yueyang people don't know, and the waves fly to Dongting Lake. "The author skillfully integrates the historical allusions of poetry, Confucianism, officials and immortals into his own joint work, and writes the wonderful beauty of Yueyang Tower to the extreme. However, the author has taken a sharp turn here, using Chen Ziang's beautiful poems and wonderful sentences to express his sadness and feelings that he can't see the talents of the previous generation, and to express his deep thoughts and feelings.

The second part continues to write the wonderful beauty of Yueyang Tower, but mainly by location, not by poetry and allusions. When you climb the building, you can see Xiaoxiang in the south, Wuxia in the north, Baling Mountain in the west and poor rocks in the east. Vast lakes, rolling rivers, towering peaks, and the main peak of the earthquake are all in sight. At this point, the author wrote: I sent out the true meaning of this scenic spot, who knows? It's endless.

This pair of couplets was written by a scholar in Luoping County, Yunnan Province, and engraved by He, a great calligrapher in Daoxian County, Hunan Province, when Governor Liang Jiang rebuilt Yueyang Tower in the sixth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1867). The couplet *** 102 highly summarizes the historical figures related to Yueyang Tower and vividly describes its geographical location.

This couplet tells the stories of four famous historical figures about Yueyang Tower: Du Fu's poems, Fan Zhongyan's essays, Teng's political achievements and anecdotes. Among them, the article about Fan Zhongyan did not directly say his immortal masterpiece "Yueyang Tower", but only said that it was "two words related to love"-a famous article of more than 360 words, which was summarized in two words, and these two words were important only because of a love. This is also a widely recognized view since ancient times. These two words, of course, are "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later". The first part starts with "What's strange about the first floor", enumerates the achievements and traditions of poems left by poets, famous Confucian scholars, sages and Brewmaster in Yueyang Tower, and expresses the author's feelings of mourning the past and drawing lessons from the present. The second part introduces the famous mountains and rivers and Xiongguan dangerous city in Baling. Write this couplet, and you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

Please note that the sentence patterns of the five compound sentence are different. In addition, there are many parts of speech in the clauses before and after this couplet, which is worth pondering.