British History (Top 55)
1 Roman occupation period: 4 10 in 55 BC.
2 Anglo-Saxon period and Danish period: A.D. 449 1066.
3 Normandy Dynasty 1066 1 154
Plantagenet dynasty 1 154 1399
5 Lancaster dynasty 1399 146 1
6 York building 146 1 1485
7 Tudor dynasty 1485 1603
8 Stuart dynasty 1603 17 14.
House No.9 in Hanover17141917
10 Windsor Dynasty 19 17
In 2000- 1500 BC, a Celtic (called Gaul by the Romans) of the ancient Indo-Europeans migrated westward.
In BC 1200- 1000, the Germans forced the Celts to continue westward to the British Island. Before them, the Picts lived on the island. The capital of Picts is Skan Palace, which is called the historical center by Scots. Skansky Famous in Scotland and famous in history? Destiny stone? Because every prince and nobleman who inherits the Scottish throne will come here to hold a coronation ceremony. Until 1296, King Edward I of England of England decided to change the ceremony to Westminster Abbey in London. Until the Norman Conquest, Scotland still owned the Kingdom of pickett.
Roman occupation period: 4 10 in 55 BC.
55 and 54 BC: Julius? Caesar invaded England for the first time.
In 43 AD, the Roman emperor Claudius led the army to conquer Britain, and the Romans set up provinces on the British island, which were divided into two parts: the military area (northwest mountainous area) and the administrative area (southeast plain area). In fact, the Romans only controlled the administrative area, and Scotland in the north and Wales in the west were still in the hands of the Celts. The Romans built it to guard against their resistance? Hadrian Great Wall?
Anglo-Saxon Britain and the Seven Kingdoms Period (about 440 years? 850) and the Danish law enforcement period (850? 1066)
In the 45th century, the Roman Empire gradually declined and gradually gave up its control over Britain. The Romans withdrew their troops from 407 to 442, ending 400 years of British rule.
597: Saint? Augustine arrived in England and converted the local people to Christianity.
In the 7th century, the feudal system began to take shape, and many small countries merged into seven kingdoms and competed for hegemony for 200 years. Anglo? Saxon times? .
In 829, King Egbert of Wessex unified England.
832860: Kenneth? Mike Alpin unified the Picts and Scots.
It was invaded by the Danes at the end of the 8th century, and from 10 16 to 1042, it was a part of the Danish pirate empire. Later, it was ruled by the king of England for a period of time.
Normandy dynasty: 1066 1 154
1066: William, Duke of Normandy, conquers England.
1086: The Book of Doomsday was published.
Plantagenet dynasty: 1 154 1399
Henry II succeeded to the throne, and the Plantagenet Dynasty began.
12 15: King John of England was forced to sign the Da * * * proposed by feudal nobles.
65438+Early 3rd century: Oxford University and Cambridge University were founded.
1277 1288: England conquered Wales.
1337 1453: In the century-old war between Britain and France, Britain won first and then lost.
Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales.
13rd century? /kloc-in the 0/5th century, capitalism sprouted.
Lancaster dynasty: 1399 146 1
14 13: St. Andrews University, the first university in Scotland, was established.
1455 1487: The Battle of Red and White Roses by York Family and house of lancaster.
York House: 146 1 1485.
1477: William? Caxton published and printed the first book.
Wars of the roses period (1399? 1485)
Tudor dynasty: 1485 1603 (from modern England)
1485: henry vii acceded to the throne.
/kloc-in the middle of the 5th century, 30 years of wars of the roses led to the establishment of Tudor dynasty, and the winner was Henry? Tudor crowned henry vii king. Tudor dynasty coincided with the rise of British capitalism, and produced two famous monarchs: Henry VIII, who broke with the Roman Catholic Church for children and marriage and established the Anglican Church; Elizabeth I (1558 1603) established British maritime hegemony, and Shakespeare appeared in the Renaissance. Elizabeth appointed James IV, King of Scots, as her successor. 1603, James ascended the throne of England and became James I, which opened the rule of Stuart dynasty and created conditions for the formal merger of Scotland and England after 103 (1707).
1536: the merger of England and Wales.
1558: Queen Elizabeth I ascended the throne and ruled Britain for 45 years.
1564: Shakespeare was born.
1588: Defeat the Spanish Armada and establish maritime hegemony. Britain's victory in the 1588 naval battle between Britain and the West was a victory of defeating the strong with the weak, which once again showed the strength of the nation-state under the rule of kingship. For the first time, the island countries, which have long been outside the mainstream civilization in Europe, made a voice to the European continent as a powerful country and quickly entered the center of the world's maritime hegemony and commercial hegemony.
Stuart dynasty 1603 17 14
1603: Elizabeth I passed away at the age of 80.
King James VI of Scotland was crowned James I of England, unifying England and Scotland.
1620: The repression of Protestants has intensified, and a group of Protestants arrived in America by may flower.
1628, the book of strength.
1628, Parliament was dissolved.
1640, Britain was the first bourgeois revolution in the world and became the pioneer of bourgeois revolution.
1642 165 1 year: the British civil war broke out.
1649: Charles I (son of James I) was executed (10.30), and Cromwell declared a republic (5. 19).
1660: (charles ii) Dynasty restored James II (son of charles ii) to the throne and was deposed.
1676: Greenwich observatory was established.
1679, personal protection law; The Tories were founded (renamed 1833)
1685: Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation.
1687, Newton published Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
1688 1689: the glorious revolution established a constitutional monarchy. Mary Ⅱ (James II's daughter) came to power.
1694: The Bank of England was established.
1698: London stock exchange was established.
1707: England and Scotland merged to form the "Kingdom of Great Britain".
Hanover House:17141917.
17 14 years, the throne passed to the nephew family of Charles I and the Hanover royal family in Germany. Then George I, II, III and IV went on stage. During the reign of George III, the United States became independent and Britain defeated Napoleon.
172 1 1742: Robert? Walpole became Britain's first prime minister.
Newton died in 1727.
1760 1830: industrial revolution
1763, ending the seven-year war between Britain and France.
1775 1783: American War of Independence
/kloc-from the second half of the 8th century to the first half of the 9th century, it became the first country in the world to complete the industrial revolution.
/kloc-the 0/9th century was the heyday of the British Empire.
180 1 year: Ireland merged and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established.
Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo.
1837: Queen Victoria acceded to the throne 1837? 190 1 year, Queen Victoria came to power, which was the golden age of Britain. At that time, the most advanced industrial countries in the world jumped to the top of the world in production and trade, pursued gunboat policy everywhere, seized maritime hegemony, occupied colonies and plundered the wealth of other countries. The British Empire dominates the world, and its overseas rule covers Europe, Asia, Africa, the United States and Australia. Empire when the sun never sets? .
1859: Darwin published the Origin of Species.
1900 set up a committee of labor representatives (1906 changed to Labour Party).
190 1 year: Queen Victoria passed away.
19 1 1 year, parliamentary law.
19141918: World War I began to decline.
19 19, George v changed house of hanover to windsor dynasty. Now Queen Elizabeth II is the fourth generation monarch of Windsor Dynasty.
Windsor dynasty 19 17
Northern Ireland was founded on 1920.
192 1 year: Ireland becomes independent.
1928: penicillin was discovered by Fleming.
193 1 year promulgated the Westminster act, which forced the autonomous territories to be independent in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the colonial system of the British empire was shaken.
1939 1945: In World War II, economic strength was greatly weakened and political status declined.
Successive independence of India and Pakistan
1949, parliamentary bill
Queen Elizabeth II was crowned on 1952.
1988 March, Liberal Democratic Party
In the 1960s, the British colonial system collapsed.
?
1973 65438+ 10 joined the European community in October.