The Yuan Dynasty (127 1- 1368) was a conquering dynasty established by Mongols, with its capital in modern Beijing, which lasted for 98 years. The territory of the Yuan Dynasty starts from the Sea of Japan in the east, reaches Tianshan Mountain in the west, reaches Lake Baikal in the north, and reaches Siam in the south. It is the most extensive dynasty in China.

127 1 year, Kublai Khan of Mongolia changed the name of the country to "Dayuan" in the Book of Changes, and made Yanjing its capital the following year, calling it Dadu. 1279, the naval battle of Yashan destroyed the imperial system in the Southern Song Dynasty, unified China, and ended the division since the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. In the middle of Yuan Dynasty, the throne changed frequently, and politics was never on the right track. In the later period, political corruption, powerful ministers in power, and increasingly serious ethnic and class contradictions led to the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led the peasant army to capture Nanjing, then the Northern Expedition occupied Beijing and the Yuan Dynasty perished. Since then, the Yuan regime has retreated to Mobei, known as the "Northern Yuan" in history. 1402, Chen Yuangui and Li Chi usurped power, established "Tatar", and the Northern Yuan Dynasty perished.