In modern history, the powers forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties, such as treaty of nanking, Tianjin Treaty, Beijing Treaty, treaty of shimonoseki Treaty, Xin Chou Treaty and so on. These treaties contain a lot of contents, which are difficult to remember and easy to confuse. It is better to use interesting centralized memory methods.

The content of treaty of nanking can be recorded as "HK$ 500 million". The fifth plan is to open Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports; "Billion" refers to the tax payable by British businessmen for importing and exporting goods, which shall be agreed by both parties; "Hong Kong" means the cession of Hong Kong Island to Britain; "Yuan" refers to the compensation paid by the Qing government to Britain of 2 1 10,000 yuan.

The content of Tianjin Treaty can be recorded as "public bribery". "Public" means that the foreign minister can be stationed in Beijing; "Opening" means opening ten trading ports such as Nanjing and Hankou; "Travel" means that foreign merchant ships and warships can sail freely in the ports of the Yangtze River; "Bribery" is related to money, which means that the Qing government paid huge reparations to Britain and France.

The content of the Beijing Treaty can be recorded as "drinking wine every day (IX)". The first "day" refers to the Qing government's recognition of the continued validity of the Tianjin Treaty; The second "day" refers to the opening of Tianjin; "Compensation" refers to a substantial increase in compensation; "Wine (9)" refers to the local division of Britain by Kowloon Company.

The content of treaty of shimonoseki can be recorded as "the division of labor between two couples". "Two" refers to the compensation of 200 million taels of Japanese silver; "Port" means opening Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as trading ports; "Divide" means dividing Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands into Japan; "Work" means allowing Japan to set up factories at trading ports.

The content of the "Xin Chou Treaty" can be recorded as "gambling is forbidden by the soldiers and the people". "Soldiers" means allowing imperialist countries to send troops to be stationed in important places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan; "People" refers to turning Dongjiaominxiang into "embassy circle"; "Prohibition" means that the Qing government promised to prohibit the anti-imperialist activities of the people of China; "Gambling" is related to money, which means that the Qing government paid 450 million taels of silver to the great powers.

I. Treaties signed by the Qing government and the great powers during the Opium War:

1, Sino-British treaty of nanking

British coercion 1842 (1) treaty of nanking, August (2)

The British occupation of Hong Kong Island has not reached 21100,000.

Guangsha Funing Shanghai Station ⑤ The agreed freight rate can only go ⑤.

Note: ① Signing country and time; ② Signing place and name; 3 cut land; 4 compensation; (5) Trade ports: Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai; ⑥ Sino-British agreed tariffs.

2 treaty of nanking Annex

These days, the privilege of consular judges hangs on the head.

MFN treatment is too one-sided.

3. The Wang Xia Treaty between China and the United States

Patrol trade, the right of American warships to open hospitals and churches.

4. Sino-French Huangpu Treaty

Free French missionaries, churches and cemeteries should be eliminated.

The second is the treaty signed by the Qing government and the great powers during the Second Opium War.

1. Tianjin Treaty

Tianjin was occupied in 1858 (1). The Tianjin Treaty has not changed.

The minister went to Beijing to look around (2) warships bypassed the Yangtze River.

Beiying South Qiongxi to Shantaishan, Jiuyan Town, Hanyan (3)

Military and commercial expenses will be paid 2 million yuan each. (4) Travel and missionary work in the mainland will be counted.

Note: ① Time and background; (2) The highest official that foreign powers can enter Beijing is the minister; ③ Ten ports: Yantai, Jiujiang, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Shantou, Taiwan Province, Danshui, Yingkou, Qiongzhou and Hankou; (4) Compensation for British commercial expenses of two million taels of silver, and compensation for British and French military expenses of two million taels of silver each.

2. Beijing Treaty

Britain and France washed Beijing in 60 years and burned the Royal Yuanmingyuan.

Opening Tianjin has made Chinese workers, as a commercial port, suffer a lot when they go abroad.

Forcibly cutting China soil in Kowloon is as fierce as a tiger swallowing eight million.

Tsarist Russia invaded China, which increased the disaster1500,000.

Note: ① Russian occupied territory area in China1500,000 square kilometers.

Three. The Treaty between the Qing Government and the Great Powers after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895-treaty of shimonoseki.

Treaty of shimonoseki changed channels in the Ninth Five-Year Plan, and two islands were occupied.

A total of thirty million (②) and two hundred million silver were spent to redeem Liao, which must be counted as ③.

Suzhou-Hangzhou profiteers fled in the sand and opened inland river routes.

Allow Japan to set up factories and trade in the new stage (5).

Note: ① Land cutting: Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands; (2) triple intervention, China spent a total of 32 million silver to redeem Liao; 3 compensation; ④ Four ports trade: Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou; ⑤ New stage: The invasion of China by foreign powers has entered a new stage focusing on capital export.

Fourthly, after Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China, the Qing government signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" with the great powers.

190 1 year, the most shameful thing is the signing of the treaty of shame and ugliness.

The compensation is 450 million yuan. (2) Demolishing the fortress is a big deal.

Foreign soldiers can be stationed at the sea route in Beijing, and people are prohibited from engaging in anti-imperialist activities.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (4) revised the agreement to serve all major countries.

Serious damage to sovereignty, increase the burden, "foreigner tool" rolling in the deep (5)

Note: ① The serious harm of the Xin Chou Treaty; (2) Compensation plus interest totaled 980 million taels of silver; ③ Jinghai Road: along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan; (4) change the Prime Minister's yamen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with six ranks; ⑤ Influence: The semi-colonial and semi-feudal social order in China was fully formed.