Traditional art came into being with the birth of human civilization, while film and animation were invented by human beings, and the invention of animation was several years earlier than that of film.

The development of industrial civilization and people's research on human visual perception are the prerequisites for the birth of movies and animations. /kloc-the progress of photography and mechanical design in the 0/9th century provided a material basis for the invention of animation. 1824, British physiologist Peter Mark Roger published a paper "On the visual persistence of moving objects", which discovered the visual persistence phenomenon of human eyes. This discovery provided a psychological basis for the invention of animation and movies.

1825, British John? Answer? John a Paris invented the magic disc. 1832, the Belgian scientist Joseph Prato invented the slide projector. The original embryonic form of these animations is developing in the direction of better motion illusion.

1877, emile reynaud, a Frenchman, improved the device invented by his predecessors and made a drum-shaped movable mirror from several mirrors. Renault constantly improved the movable mirror and created his Théatre optique in 1888. 189265438+1October 1 1, Renault signed a contract with Grevin Museum, a famous wax museum in Paris, to show the world's earliest cartoons here. The screening program consists of some pictures, and each picture is shown for about 10 to 15 minutes. In making these films, Renault used the main techniques of modern cartoons: the separation of moving images and scenery, comic strips drawn on transparent paper, trick photography, circular motion and so on. Therefore, Renault is widely regarded as the founder of animation.

At the same time, American and French inventors devoted themselves to the study of moving image devices using film. After more than ten years and the efforts of inventors all over the world, Lumiere brothers finally invented the movable film machine closest to modern movies. In the practice of early films, filmmakers discovered the principle of stopping and shooting again. In the first decade of the 20th century, several basic production techniques of modern animation were invented, such as James. Stuart. Early animated film makers around the world, represented by james stuart Braxton, began to make animated films shot with film, and modern animated films began to flourish.

2. The Golden Age of Animation

In the early days of the invention of animation, it was generally regarded as a kind of juggling, and it was only displayed as an entertainment program in places like amusement parks. However, artists and businessmen gradually realize the artistic possibilities and business opportunities contained in animation. As a part of the emerging film industry, animation has gradually developed. 19 14, Al? Earl hurd invented the technology of making layered animation on transparent celluloid, which reduced the workload of animation and made it possible to make longer cartoons. In the early days, the animation studio gradually formed a relatively fixed production process, which has been used in the commercial animation field of1early 1980 s.

In the United States, the animation industry has gradually formed a scale, Winsor? Winsor McCay, John? John Bray, Marx? Max Fleischer and others have played a great role in the establishment of American animation industry. Meanwhile, the emir of Europe? Emile Cohl and other early animators devoted themselves to more personalized exploration and created a large number of artistic animations with the help of impressionism and expressionism in the art and film circles. In the early 1920s, with the appearance of art magazines, clubs, exhibitions and books outside the mainstream commercial films in Europe, the so-called "art animation" pattern gradually formed.

In World War I, the United States was far from the battlefield and the film industry was developed. After the war, it replaced France as the world film producer. The advantages of American animation in scale and level lasted at least until the end of World War II.

1923 Walter, who is only 22 years old? Walter Disney came to Hollywood and set up his own animation studio. Although young Disney has no formal art education, he is flexible and full of vitality, artistic creativity and business mind. In the late 1920s, Disney gradually established its reputation and position in the animation industry. 1928, Disney produced Steamboat Willie one year after the birth of the first talking film Jazz Singer in Hollywood. This short film made Mickey Mouse the most famous animated character and made Disney's animation empire. From the late 1920s to the early 1950s, Disney produced a large number of high-quality animated short films and feature films, and later Hollywood studios such as Warner and MGM also set up animation production departments, which was called the "golden age" of animation.