In early Japan, official articles were all in Chinese, while Katakana was used by Buddhist monks to make phonetic symbols while Hiragana was used by women. At present, there are about 2000 commonly used Chinese characters in Japanese. Katakana is mostly used to represent foreign words, and the rest are hiragana. There are 7 1 pseudonyms in modern Japanese, of which 46 are the most basic, arranged in a "five-tone diagram" (alphabet).
In ancient Japan, there were languages but no words. Although modern comparative linguists, from the perspective of phonology, grammar and vocabulary, Japan belongs to Ural-Altai language family, in a word, it is the same as Mongolian, Tungusic, Turkish and Korean. But in fact, the language problem in Japan has not been completely solved. Japanese Confucian Shinto Yoshitaka stole Ceng Yun: "Linguistically speaking, Japanese is an orphan and has nothing to do with its left, right, left and right languages." In fact, the Japanese have their own history. In order to enrich their language, they borrowed many pronunciations from China. In addition, Korean, Dutch, Portuguese, English and other languages in Western Europe have also made some contributions to Japanese.
There were no characters in Japan before Chinese characters were introduced, which was advocated by some Japanese scholars in the ninth century. Although some people advocate the theory of "the existence of inherent characters"-the so-called "God produces characters", for example, a China scholar Hirata Tuyin (1776- 1843) in the late Tokugawa era wrote the book "The Legend of Japanese Gods" from the standpoint of national quintessence, thinking that Japan had characters as early as Brandon's time. But in fact, it was handed down from Ma Abi's family, which is a falsification of Korean proverbs, so the so-called inherent words are not credible. Ancient Japan has now been recognized by ordinary scholars. Instead, most Japanese scholars advocate that Japanese characters should be professionalized after the Han people passed Japan. As for when Chinese characters were introduced into Japan, it was before the date when Chinese characters were recorded in official history. Sinology of Chinese characters recorded in Historical Records was officially introduced to Japan in the Shen Ying era (about the end of the third century A.D., that is, in 248, when Wang visited Japan from Baekje, he presented ten volumes of The Analects of Confucius and one volume of Qianziwen, which was the beginning of sinology of Chinese characters being introduced to Japan). After Chinese characters were introduced into Japan, it took several years until the middle of the eighth century, when Japanese people began to use regular script Chinese characters, resulting in katakana and Chinese characters. At that time, Chinese characters were called male characters, and their fake names were female characters. Japanese scholars claim that Kibi No Asomi Makibi created Katakana, while Buddhist master Konghai created Hiragana. These claims are not credible. At best, it is the two of them.
After Chinese characters were introduced into Japan, they not only became public servants to record historical facts, but also became the only official writing in Japan at that time. However, there are two ways to read Chinese characters in Japan: training reading and pronunciation reading. The former is the Japanese original sound, and the latter is the incoming sound from China. However, due to the different time and place, the pronunciation is divided into Chinese, Tang and Wu. After the introduction of Chinese characters into Japan, it not only promoted the progress of ancient Japanese culture, but also contributed to the emergence of Japanese characters and Hiragana.
Although most books have been described in Japanese characters (pseudonyms) since the beginning of the 9th century, Chinese characters have been the official characters used by public officials to keep accounts since the early Meiji period due to the establishment of the so-called "national culture" in Japan. After Japan opened its communication with Europe and America, many foreign words (called "foreign words" by the Japanese) were mixed in Japanese. As early as A.D. 1866, Maeshima (the founder of Japan's postal system) published the so-called "Opinions on Abolishing Chinese Characters", advocating that all Chinese characters should be replaced by pseudonyms. Later, Fukuzawa Yukichi, the master of the theory of freedom and civil rights, published People's Tales in A.D. 1873. Around the fifth year of Showa (1930), radical educators sang Chinese characters to be banned and abolished. Even after World War II, they advocated abolishing Chinese characters and using Roman characters instead. For example, the education envoy hired by the Allied General Command (CHQ) also suggested that the Japanese government restrict the use of Chinese characters in order to have more time to study other fields. The Japanese government accepted this proposal and stipulated that the number of educational Chinese characters during the national compulsory education should be 850. Even at the beginning of 1967, Abe Meidian put forward the theory that Chinese characters will be extinct in 230 years, which is the result of worshipping foreign things and obsessing foreign things.
From 1866 in Maeshima who advocated abolishing Chinese characters to 130 this year, Chinese characters have not been abolished in Japanese for more than one hundred years. Later, in view of the fact that 850-character educational Chinese characters cannot be used to express daily articles, the Japanese government published the List of Commonly Used Chinese Characters, which stipulated 1850 Chinese characters, but the National Language Committee of Japan later suggested changing it to 65438+.