A: The largest ancient encyclopedia in the world is China's Yongle Dadian.
It is an encyclopedia written more than 500 years ago in the sixth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1408).
There are seven or eight thousand kinds of ancient books in Yongle Grand Ceremony, from pre-Qin to Ming Dynasty. It is a collection of 22,937 books compiled by 2,000 scholars.
China's "Best in the World" and:
China is a country rich in historical materials.
The Chinese nation has a fine tradition of faithfully recording history.
From the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the last years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the twenty-four histories compiled and accumulated by historians of past dynasties recorded the history of our country for more than 4,000 years.
China is the first country in the world to form a systematic and complete agricultural farming theory.
In the 6th century A.D., the scientific classic The Book of Qi Yaomin written by Jia Siping, a famous agricultural scientist in ancient China, is the most complete and earliest agricultural book in the world.
China is the first country to produce silk and tea in the world.
As early as the Neolithic Age four or five thousand years ago, our ancestors were engaged in sericulture and silk production in Jiangsu, Hebei and Henan. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, China first began to plant tea trees and produce tea in the world. In the Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu wrote the world's first monograph on tea-Tea Classic.
China was the first country in the world to invent porcelain.
Porcelain was invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest. After the Three Kingdoms, the porcelain manufacturing industry developed rapidly. It was not until the early18th century that real porcelain was made in Europe.
The longest artificial canal in the world is the Grand Canal dug by the Sui Dynasty in China, which starts from Chang 'an in the west, reaches Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers.
In the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which ran through Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, with a total length of 1794 km.
China was the first country in the world to invent the compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder.
As early as the Warring States period, China used the "Sina" made of magnets; Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, first discovered the magnetic declination with a compass.
In Europe, only about 12oo years have been recorded about the compass.
China used hemp to make paper in the Western Han Dynasty, and Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty further invented the method of making paper with plant fibers such as bark, which opened up a broad field of papermaking raw materials. It was not until the12nd century that papermaking spread to Europe.
At the beginning of the 7th century, China created block printing, which was 400 years earlier than that of German Johannes Gutenberg who printed the Bible with movable type in 1450.
More than 1000 years ago, China invented brown powder. After Song Zhenzong, gunpowder gradually spread to the west.
The greatest ancient military defense project in the world is the Great Wall of China, which is a miracle in the history of human architecture.
China is a country with the most developed shipbuilding industry in the Middle Ages.
In terms of hull structure and power, ancient ships in China have created many brilliant records in the world shipbuilding and shipping history. As early as the Song Dynasty, watertight compartments were widely used in shipbuilding in China, and similar ships appeared in Europe in the18th century. China invented the paddle boat in the Tang Dynasty, seven or eight hundred years before the West. Compasses were used by ships in China in the Song Dynasty, two centuries earlier than in the West.
China is the first country in the world to conduct large-scale ocean voyage.
Zheng He, the treasure eunuch in the third day of the Ming Dynasty, led the world's largest fleet to the Western Ocean seven times, half a century earlier than the world famous navigators Columbus and da Gama.
China is the first country in the world to invent the smelting technology of cast iron (pig iron).
China produced iron in the Spring and Autumn Period, while Europe produced iron in the 4th century. Iron made of malleable cast iron existed in China in the early Warring States period, and pig iron was smelted in Europe in the17th century. China invented steelmaking technology and created various steelmaking methods during the Warring States Period.
The steel casting method invented by China in the 6th century was the most advanced steelmaking method in the ancient world, and it was not until18th century that Europe invented the orange pot steelmaking method that it surpassed it.
The earliest record of the remainder theorem in the world comes from China's mathematical monograph The Art of War in the 4th century. In the Song Dynasty, Qin put forward the idea of "seeking skills by extensive extension", which was an outstanding achievement in the study of remainder theorem. It was not until more than 500 years later in the18th century that Euler and Gauss in Europe got the same result as Qin.
Mozi, the earliest person who carried out optical experiments in the world, was a great scientist and philosopher at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China. Compared with ancient Greek scientists and philosophers, his achievements in mathematics, physics and logic are even worse.
His optical experiments came up with the concept that light reflects through a small hole, which is similar to the focus and center of a modern spherical mirror.
His definitions of circles, lines and surfaces are the same as those of Euclidean geometry, but more than 100 years earlier.
China is the first country in the world to use coke.
China used coke to smelt metals at the latest in the Ming Dynasty, while Europe didn't start coking until the beginning of18th century.
The oldest and best-preserved stone arch bridge in the world is the one in Zhao Zhouqiao, Hebei, China, which was built in the Sui Dynasty.
It has been 1300 years.
Zhao Zhouqiao is the first large-scale stone arch bridge with open shoulders in the world, and it is one of the most outstanding achievements of ancient architectural engineering in China. It was not until the middle of19th century that similar bridges appeared in Europe.
The longest Liang Shi bridge in the ancient world was Anping Bridge in Jinjiang, Fujian (built at1138-1151year), with a total length of 27oo meters.
The first city in the world that was planned in advance and then built was Chang 'an, which was built in the Sui Dynasty in China.
The earliest understanding of the alloy method in the world is recorded in China's ancient book "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji".
There is a famous bronze smelting formula "Liu Qi" in the world metallurgical history, which points out the relationship between alloy properties and alloy formula composition for the first time.
China also pioneered the process of smelting copper with bile water, which is the origin of bile hydrometallurgy in the world.
China is the first country in the world to hydrometallurgy zinc.
China had already smelted copper-zinc alloy-brass in the Song Dynasty at the latest. It was not until the16th century that Europe knew that zinc was a metal. /kloc-In the first half of the 8th century, China's zinc smelting method was introduced to Europe, and Europe began the history of zinc smelting.
The oldest astronomical clock in the world is a "water transport instrument" made in China in the Song Dynasty.
It was made in 1088 under the leadership of Su Song, with a height of about12m. It can not only demonstrate and observe the astronomical phenomena, but also time and tell the time.
Among them, the escapement device was about 6oo years earlier than similar inventions in Europe.
The earliest astronomical instrument in the world is the armillary sphere invented by our ancestors in the 4th century BC.
Later, Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Li in the Tang Dynasty greatly improved the original armillary sphere.
For a period of time, China's Hunda instrument was the most advanced astronomical instrument in the world.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing further reformed and simplified the armillary sphere, and made a simple instrument in 1276, while it took Europe more than 300 years to get a similar equatorial instrument.
China is the first country in the world to use 10 decimal system for counting and calculation.
Our ancestors used the 10 decimal system more than 3,000 years ago, while India did not use the 10 decimal system until the 6th century. "Indian Numbers" did not appear in Europe until the 10 century, more than 2,000 years later than China.
The most accurate mathematician in the world to calculate ancient redundant data is Liu Hui in Wei and Jin Dynasties in China. His famous secant method is simpler than that of Archimedes, an ancient Greek mathematician, and it is 3. 14 16.
After him, Zu Chongzhi in the Northern and Southern Dynasties accurately pushed Wu's approximate value to seven decimal places, and his outstanding achievements have been ahead of the world 1000.
The earliest method to synthesize compounds in the history of chemistry in the world is alchemy recorded in China's book "Tong Canqi of Zhouyi" in the 2nd century AD. Red mercuric sulfide is decomposed into mercury by applying potential, and mercury and sulfur are heated.
Sublimate to red mercuric sulfide.
Zhu Zaijing, the world's first person who founded the main musical theory of the twelve-average law, founded it half a century earlier than the same theory of European music theorist Melson in the Ming Dynasty in China.
The country with the most complete record of ancient astronomical phenomena in the world is China.
China had the earliest solar eclipse and accurate records of Haley's passing stars in the Spring and Autumn Period, China compiled the world's earliest catalog in the Warring States Period, and sunspot observation was also the earliest in China.
The earliest meteorometer in the world was the Xiangfeng Wu Tong invented by Zhang Heng of China, which was not recorded in Europe until12nd century.
The earliest hygrometer in the world is the balance hygrometer invented by China in the 2nd century BC. It took Europe 1600 years to get a similar hygrometer.
China is the first country to carry out gene breeding in the world.
Long before Darwin, China's artificial breeding of improved varieties reached a fairly high level.
In China's book Huisheng 2000 years ago, the method of ear selection and breeding was recorded. This kind of record is the most in Qi Yaomin's Book in the 6th century, and it is widely used in livestock, poultry and crops.
China is the first country in the world to add leap month to adjust the lunar calendar.
Our ancestors founded the calendar system of Yin and Yang.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the method of 65438+7 leap in 2009 was used for the first time to adjust the lunar calendar very accurately, which was earlier than the Greek invented this method 100 years ago.
The calendar used in China at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, with a year of 365.25 days, was the most accurate value in the calendar in the world at that time, which was the same as the famous julian calendar promulgated by Caesar in Rome hundreds of years later.
In Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing created and promulgated the time calendar, and the number of days per year was accurate to 365 days.
2425 days, the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but 300 years earlier than the latter.
China was the first country in the world to compile cloud pictures.
Three Lights of the White Ape, compiled by China14th century, contains 132 cloud pictures, all of which are marked with weather changes, but it was not until Europe18th century that 16 cloud pictures appeared.
The earliest phenological records in the world can be found in The Book of Songs, Letter Style and July in China, and the earliest phenological monograph is Xia in the Warring States Period in China.
It was China who pioneered acupuncture therapy and acupuncture anesthesia in the world.
Acupuncture treatment is a unique treatment method, which has a history of more than 3,000 years in China and is famous for its simple operation, rapid curative effect, safety and reliability.
Acupuncture therapy in all countries of the world was introduced from China.
Acupuncture anesthesia is an important development of acupuncture therapy by medical workers in China in recent years, which has opened up a new way of anesthesiology.
Warren, a famous doctor in China in the 2nd century A.D., was the first person in the world to operate with anesthetic.
He invented a traditional Chinese medicine anesthetic called Mafeisan, which was earlier than that invented by American Morton in 1846 16oo years.
The earliest country in the world where paper money appeared was China.
As early as 65438 at the end of the 20th century+65438 at the beginning of the 20th century, the paper money named "Jiaozi" appeared in the Xianping period of Song Zhenzong, China (Jiaozi appeared in the Chunhua period of Song Taizong, earlier than Zhenzong).
The appearance of this kind of paper money is 7oo years earlier than that of European and American countries.
The first national pharmacopoeia in the world was the newly revised Materia Medica in the Tang Dynasty.
In order to compile this Pharmacopoeia, Tang * * * "popularized the world and looked for drugs", collected drugs produced in various places and made a physical map.
The newly revised Materia Medica is an oblique volume, which is divided into three parts: drug map, drug classics and materia medica, and a total of 844 drugs are collected.
Traditional Chinese medicine in China is the first person in the world to classify drugs.
There are contents about plant classification in Chinese herbal medicine works of past dynasties, that is, Li Shizhen, a famous doctor in Ming Dynasty, was 17 years earlier than Linnai, a recognized plant taxonomist in Europe.
Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica is regarded as a great medical treasure house and encyclopedia of natural science in the world, which has been translated into 10 languages and widely circulated all over the world.
The earliest collection of poems in the world is China's The Book of Songs.
It was produced in the early Zhou Dynasty (1 1 century BC) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (6th and 7th centuries BC), and was compiled in the 6th century BC, with a total of 305 poems, including wind, elegance and ode, which reflected the life and production of the society and people at that time.
The largest ancient encyclopedia in the world is China's Yongle Dadian.
It is an encyclopedia written more than 500 years ago in the sixth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1408).
There are seven or eight thousand kinds of ancient books in Yongle Grand Ceremony, which was the collection of books in the world from pre-Qin to Ming Dynasty.
Including classics, history, philosophers,
Collection, classic interpretation, Taoist collection, medicine, drama, storytelling, engineering technology, agriculture, etc.
The book has a total of 22877 volumes.
The catalogue consists of 66 volumes, bound into 1 1095 volumes, with 370 million words.
More than 3,000 scholars, led by Xie Gai, participated in editing, compiling and commenting, which lasted for 5 years.
It is rare in the history of world culture that the editing scale is so large and the contents of works are so numerous.