Folk Wushu has a long history and is a non-renewable resource of China Wushu culture. It can be said that Wushu originated from the people. In ancient China, there was a famous martial arts village, which developed its own martial arts skills with the village as the unit. Then, the following suggestions on the inheritance and development of folk traditional Wushu are compiled by me for everyone, and you are welcome to refer to them.
1 Introduction
Folk Wushu has a long history and is a non-renewable resource of China Wushu culture. It can be said that Wushu originated from the people. In ancient China, there was a famous martial arts village, which developed its own martial arts skills with the village as the unit. China people have a strong sense of patriarchal clan system, and folk martial arts are not only widely spread in villages, but also pay more attention to the intergenerational inheritance within families, thus forming many famous martial arts families. For example, Chen in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province is one of them. The inheritance of China folk Wushu can not be ignored, and more attention should be paid to prevent the loss of China folk Wushu, a historical treasure of the Chinese nation.
2 the definition of folk martial arts
Folk Wushu is an important branch of traditional Wushu. To understand folk Wushu and distinguish folk Wushu from non-folk Wushu, we must first know the definition of traditional Wushu. What is traditional martial arts? Cihai (1999 edition), Encyclopedia of China (sports volume) and China Wushu Dictionary have no accurate explanation. And "Ci Hai" is about? The interpretation of traditional terms is:? Ideas, cultures, morals, customs, arts, systems and behaviors handed down from history. It has invisible influence and control on people's social behavior. Tradition is a manifestation of historical development and inheritance. In class society, tradition has class nature and nationality. Positive traditions promote social development, while conservative and backward traditions hinder social progress and change. ? Literally, it is not difficult to know that folk Wushu is a kind of Wushu spontaneously formed by the masses for the purpose of self-satisfaction, physical fitness and self-defense, and it has a certain regional and clan consciousness.
3 Briefly describe the inheritance of traditional folk martial arts
3. 1 Introduction to Tai Ji Chuan's Inheritance
Tai Ji Chuan is a traditional treasure of the Chinese nation. For hundreds of years, with the efforts of several generations of Taiji people, Tai Ji Chuan has been further improved. Tai Ji Chuan is no longer just a kind of boxing, but a complete Tai Ji Chuan system that combines Tai Ji Chuan and Taiji culture. In the past, Tai Ji Chuan's heritage was limited to portals. With the development of society and the reform and opening-up, Tai Ji Chuan has also boarded a ship that spread overseas. With the spread of Tai Ji Chuan, friends all over the world who love Tai Ji Chuan regard Tai Ji Chuan as the symbol of the Chinese nation, and Tai Ji Chuan goes to the world and becomes the property of the people of the world. Tai Ji Chuan is now not only a physical exercise, but also a tool to communicate feelings, increase friendship and promote friendship. The development direction of Tai Ji Chuan is going to the world. However, at present, there are too many names of Tai Ji Chuan circulating in the society, and the training methods are different, so it is difficult to tell what Tai Ji Chuan really looks like. Is there a problem in the inheritance of Tai Ji Chuan's development, or is people's way of understanding unable to keep up with the development of society? Do you want something traditional? A series of problems play a vital role in the development and inheritance of Tai Ji Chuan.
Tai Ji Chuan's inheritance should focus on Tai Ji Chuan? Intrinsic? The legacy of. Tai Chi Chuan? Intrinsic? It is the inheritance of Tai Ji Chuan's essence. No matter how Tai Ji Chuan develops, we must respect Tai Ji Chuan's. Intrinsic? .
3.2 Xingyiquan inheritance overview
Xingyiquan has extremely important historical, social and cultural values in the long development process. As one of the four famous boxing in China, Xingyiquan, like Tai Ji Chuan, was once famous at home and abroad. However, over the years, due to the aging of the inheritors of Xingyiquan, there has been a lack of successors. In Taigu, the birthplace of Xingyiquan, although the masses loved it, it never formed a relatively stable survival market, which led to the continuous narrowing of inheritance space and communication scope.
3.3 Introduction to the Inheritance of Other Fists
We can see the inheritance of other boxing methods from Changquan. Changquan is one of the boxing styles in China. Tea Boxing, Flower Boxing, Cannonball and Hong Boxing are all among the long fists. In ancient times, there was another boxing method called Changquan, that is, Taizu Changquan, which was a set of routines created by Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, after studying martial arts at Shaolin Temple. When practicing, a line was made, which can be used to lay a lying cow's ground, and play a powerful role in melee and be used in melee. Because of its strange and powerful strokes, opponents often can't see their strokes clearly and are at a loss. Most of the long boxing we are talking about now is a new modern long boxing, which is a kind of boxing developed after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It has a great influence in Wushu and has a broad mass base. Modern Changquan has absorbed various boxing methods such as tea, flower, bag and red, standardized the movements of Changquan such as hand, step, footwork, leg, balance and jump, and compiled various boxing routines according to the movements of Changquan. At present, what we see in the competition is basically the new long boxing, and it is difficult to see the traditional routine of Taizu long boxing. Moreover, due to the continuous improvement of competition rules, the development of Changquan is increasingly deviating from the track of Wushu. For example, the National Traditional Wushu Exchange Conference held in August 2004 adopted the standard of professional sports competition as the standard of traditional Wushu cultural exchange in China, forcing many boxers to get high marks on the field to meet the requirements of judging competition rules, deliberately throwing away traditional things to pursue achievements and skills, and making traditional Wushu unrecognizable and neither fish nor fowl. Changquan is becoming more and more gymnastic, boxers pay more and more attention to difficulty and skill, and turn more and more, but the connotation of Wushu is less and less.
4. Inheritance characteristics of traditional folk Wushu
4. 1 vulnerability
The inheritance of folk Wushu depends entirely on the literati's love for Wushu, which is fragile and difficult to maintain. Once the apprentice stops studying for various reasons, the master can only rely on persuasion to maintain it, and it is not actually binding. Besides, an apprentice can't just study and not live. He must have a job if he wants to live. Therefore, martial arts is a very difficult process, and it is easy for disciples to give up halfway.
4.2 mentoring
Learning from others is determined by the characteristics of Wushu. China is a nation with a strong sense of clan. Students learn a skill through three processes: handing it in, worshiping teachers and learning skills. One factor that restricts the development of traditional folk martial arts is that folk martial arts are often passed down to direct male descendants or disciples, and these people must stand the test, which leads to the loss of many traditional folk skills. According to records, during the Republic of China? Central Plains hero? Wang Xiaorong's uncle called his son to the window when he was sick and tired, and dictated a set of eyebrow sticks. But when it wants to play stunts? Spit darts? When I was teaching, I was too tired to spit darts. Since then, another traditional folk skill has been lost? So many, countless.
4.3 Long term
As the saying goes:? Hands never leave your mouth? Martial arts attainments cannot be achieved overnight. The acquisition of any skill is the precipitation of accumulated years, so the inheritance of folk Wushu is long-term. This requires martial arts practitioners to have a certain perseverance and love for martial arts, adhere to martial arts training, and not give up their pursuit.
4.4 Non-standard
Non-standard is unique to folk Wushu, and there is no specific standard to measure it. Each faction has its own characteristics, and the secret is only known to practitioners. Because there are no standards and references, practitioners can't know their own level of employment and are prone to boredom. However, the complexity of folk Wushu schools makes it impossible to formulate its standards.
5. Deficiencies in the inheritance of traditional folk martial arts
5. 1 mentoring obstacles
The mentoring system of traditional folk martial arts is out of date in the contemporary era. With the deepening of reform and opening up, more and more foreign cultures are invading China, occupying the territory of traditional martial arts, such as the introduction of Taekwondo and Yoga, which makes a large number of young people abandon traditional martial arts. Therefore, in the new era background, the apprenticeship system should be broken through and surpassed. China has listed China traditional folk martial arts as intangible cultural heritage. What we have to do now is not only to inherit, but also to dig deeper and find out the missing folk traditions.
5.2 lack of martial arts competition categories
In contemporary society, China attaches great importance to the development of Wushu, especially after successfully hosting the Beijing Olympic Games. Although Wushu failed to join the Olympic family and become an official event of the Olympic Games, the whole country is striving for the development of Wushu. It is not difficult for us to get rid of it. Although the traditional folk Wushu is also making unremitting efforts, it is still difficult to grow, and its so-called competition is only an internal discussion, which cannot attract social attention.
5.3 Folk Wushu training system is not perfect
Folk traditional Wushu is basically a skill left over from past dynasties, and there will inevitably be omissions and misunderstandings in the process of inheritance, and its training system has many imperfections. For example, it is cruel to practice the heat resistance of iron sand palm day after day. A large number of people give up the practice of iron sand palm because it is difficult to accept its training method, which has become a major obstacle to the inheritance of iron sand palm.
5.4 The mystery of traditional folk martial arts
Many traditional folk martial arts have fantastic legends, which give the world infinite reverie. For example, in Jin Yong's martial arts novels, there are many martial arts schools and all kinds of bizarre kung fu. However, when we really stand in front of it, we will find that its appreciation is far from the legend. This has also affected the inheritance of some martial arts to some extent.
5.5 The development of traditional folk martial arts is not paid enough attention by the martial arts community.
In recent years, martial arts circles have made bold reforms to the competition system of China Wushu. Although these reforms promoted the development of Wushu in some aspects, they also stifled the development of traditional folk Wushu to some extent. More and more people know that Wushu is just a game scene in the TV broadcast lens, and gradually forget our traditional folk Wushu with strong cultural heritage.
5.6 insufficient publicity
Martial arts circles pay insufficient attention to the development of traditional folk martial arts, which directly leads to insufficient publicity. Traditional folk martial arts can't just rely on the inheritance of each sect and build a car behind closed doors, but should put down the concept of family, carry forward its own essence and characteristics, attract the attention of the outside world, and never open up a new and broad world for its own development.
5.7 The combination of traditional folk Wushu and culture is not enough.
Folk traditional Wushu is a traditional project with strong cultural connotation, which has been listed as intangible cultural heritage by the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage. However, in practice, its integration with culture is still insufficient. People who practice these traditional folk martial arts are often people with low educational level, and most of the traditional folk martial arts are rooted in the countryside. So, some martial arts practitioners are simple? Yes, but I don't know why. I only know one thing about what I have learned, let alone carry it forward.
Six suggestions
6. 1 Seeking a new inheritance mechanism
Under the background of contemporary development, we must learn to keep pace with the times and seek new inheritance mechanisms. We can broaden the ways of inheritance under the premise of following the mentoring system, instead of sticking to our own soil and water, and learn to carry forward while inheriting ourselves. For example, a development path like Chen's Tai Ji Chuan is a desirable way, so we should look for these under the existing data records? A foreigner? Persuade them to spread their skills to other non-relative disciples and let them understand the importance of Wushu inheritance.
6.2 Traditional folk Wushu should step onto the stage gradually.
Folk traditional martial arts should also go on the field, innovate constantly, and increase competition items so that athletes can make progress in learning from each other. Such as CCTV organization? Kanglong Wulin Conference? In recent two years, it has been widely broadcast in various places, and its competitions are traditional folk martial arts, such as Tai Ji Chuan, Meihuazhou, Manta Boxing, Bajiquan and so on. This is rarely seen in regular competitions, and there are even internal strength competitions, which strengthen the appreciation of the program and provide a good communication platform for practitioners of traditional folk martial arts. To a certain extent, it strengthens the international exchange of traditional Wushu, and also increases the exchange opportunities of international Wushu lovers, so that more people can feel the charm of traditional folk Wushu in China.
6.3 Provide scientific training for employees.
In order to reduce the harm caused by practicing traditional folk Wushu, we should provide scientific training methods for all factions, and join modern scientific training while following the traditional training methods, so that the training of Wushu practitioners can achieve twice the result with half the effort. To a certain extent, it has also strengthened the determination of some people to engage in high-risk projects.
6.4 Increase publicity through TV media, etc
Nowadays, the propaganda function of TV media and print media cannot be underestimated. With the intervention of these media, people know how to protect and care for animals, protect green plants and protect historical sites? But the protection of traditional folk martial arts is rarely mentioned on TV. You know, martial arts is also an intangible cultural heritage, and it also needs the cooperation of Qi Xin. This requires the relevant departments of our government to increase capital investment to ensure that publicity is in place.
6.5 Folk traditional Wushu and tourism promote each other.
Combining the development of national traditional sports resources with sports tourism can not only promote the economic development of ethnic areas, but also spread and popularize national traditional sports, expand its influence and make the national traditional sports develop healthily and continuously.
6.6 Add elements of folk martial arts to physical education in the birthplace of traditional folk martial arts.
Adding a traditional Wushu item to physical education class in primary and secondary schools can improve the inheritance of traditional folk Wushu. Schools can employ relevant folk martial arts descendants as teachers for education, which can not only improve the combination of martial arts and culture, but also make these folk martial arts descendants have a source of income through teaching and solve their livelihood, so that they can concentrate more on martial arts education. It can also broaden the knowledge of these descendants to a certain extent and let them make their own contributions to the inheritance of folk Wushu.
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