Song Dynasty (960- 1279) was a dynasty in China's history that inherited five dynasties and ten countries and initiated the Yuan Dynasty. It is divided into two stages: Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted eighteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 319 years.

In 960, the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established Songzhou as the emperor of German Zhao Kuangyin, thus establishing the Song Dynasty. ? In order to avoid the chaos of the regime and eunuch's authoritarian power in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining military power, strengthened centralization and deprived military commanders of their military power. After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, the whole country was unified, and after forming a single-source alliance with Liao, he gradually stepped into the rule of the world.

1 125, the state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, King of Kang, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and established the Southern Song Dynasty. After the Shaoxing peace talks, the Qin Mausoleum-Huaihe River was the boundary with the State of Jin, which was jointly destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, song and yuan war broke out in 1235, Lin 'an was captured by the Yuan Dynasty in 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished after the sea battle at Yashan.

The Song Dynasty was an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation in the history of China. According to estimates, the total GDP of China in 1000 was $26.55 billion, accounting for 22.7% of the world economy, and the per capita GDP was $450, exceeding the Western Europe's $400 at that time.