Papal States (Latin: civitas ecclesia e；; Italian: Stato Pontificio or Stato della Chiesa) is located in the middle of Apennine Peninsula. It is a secular territory ruled by the Pope and a country that no longer exists. 186 1 year, most of the territory of the papal state was merged into the kingdom of Sardinia and later became the kingdom of Italy. Rome was also incorporated into Italy in 1870, and the territory of the papal state retreated to the Vatican. During the period of Pope Pope Pius XI, Mussolini signed the Rutland Treaty with Cardinal Gasperi of the Holy See in 1929, and the Holy See officially recognized the demise of the papal state.