The scientific and technological books of the Ming Dynasty were collected by the Manchu emperor and put in the study. As a collection, they are not used at all. Manchu was a semi-slave and semi-feudal society, far more ignorant than Ming culture. After collecting books in the name of compiling Sikuquanshu, there are more banned books than Sikuquanshu. Literary inquisition is prevalent. After the Manchu entered the customs, they shaved their hair and changed their clothes, eliminating the advanced culture of the Ming Dynasty. Ming dynasty guns are also advanced technology. Roughly, barbarian king's deep inferiority complex led to the Manchu people's banning of gun-making technology in the Ming Dynasty.
In fact, the Qing dynasty had the opportunity to become a powerful country in science and technology, but the emperor of the Qing dynasty was more confident than mystery and turned away the opportunity to improve weapons technology. For example, during the Qianlong period, the British fleet lions visited China under the leadership of Maagel. The British mission brought many of the most advanced scientific and technological achievements as gifts, such as steam engines, as well as paintings, porcelain and symphony orchestras. At the same time, in order to facilitate the explanation of these instruments.
However, at that time, the emperor rejected the fruits of the industrial revolution and also refused to trade with Britain. Besides, their oratorios are ignorant and conservative. They have always been superstitious about the tradition of using bows and horses to rule the world. The war in Qing Dynasty was dominated by cold weapons, and China completely lost the opportunity to keep up with the development of weapons in the world.
Characteristics of Qing Dao:
1. The number, variety, grade and function of knives and implements in Qing Dynasty reached the highest level in history;
The number of knives and implements in Qing Dynasty is the most complicated. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, the total number of troops in China exceeded 654.38+0.2 million, reaching an all-time high. As the most basic equipment weapon, the number of all kinds of sabers is conservatively estimated to be around 654.38+00,000. By the Qing Dynasty, standard knives and implements were made by officials, and a large number of imitations and homemade items appeared. However, before the Qing Dynasty, the number, variety, grade, function and classification of Dao in past dynasties were far from so detailed and complete.
2. The manufacturing technology of knives and implements in Qing Dynasty has reached perfection:
By the middle of Qing Dynasty, the smelting and processing technology of metal, the composite technology of folding and forging of steel, and the heat treatment and quenching of blade body had all reached the state of perfection. For example, people first used charcoal as metallurgical fuel, but due to the limited charcoal resources, coal was widely used in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After that, coke was finally found, because the metal smelted with coal contains many harmful impurities, which easily causes the metal to be hot brittle and cold brittle.
For example, the knives and implements of the Qing Dynasty were not as powerful as those of the Han Dynasty, as heroic as those of the Tang Dynasty, as dignified as those of the Song Dynasty and as elegant as those of the Ming Dynasty. As far as the world is concerned, in the middle of18th century, Europe entered the stage of industrial revolution, and its steelmaking industry developed rapidly. European knives made of pure steel surpass most China knives in quality and function.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Sweeping the Road.