As early as 1960s, MacIntyre, Elrick and others found that oral glucose had a significantly higher promotion effect on insulin secretion than intravenous injection, and this extra effect was called "intestinal insulin promoting effect" (see above). Further research by Perley and others confirmed that the insulin produced by this "intestinal insulin promoting effect" accounted for 50% of total insulin after eating.

From 65438 to 0986, Nauck and others found that the role of incretin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus decreased, suggesting that the abnormality of incretin system may be one of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

With the development of cell and molecular biology, the mystery of incretin has been slowly unveiled. Studies have confirmed that incretin is a kind of intestinal sex hormone in human body, which can promote insulin secretion after eating and play a glucose concentration-dependent hypoglycemic role.

Oxytropis Oxytropis is mainly composed of GLP- 1 and glucose-dependent insulin releasing peptide (GIP), among which GLP- 1 plays a more important role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes.

GLP- 1 is expressed by glucagon gene. In islet α cells, the main expression product of glucagon gene is glucagon, while in intestinal mucosa L cells, prohormone converting enzyme (PC 1) cleaves glucagon into its carboxyl-terminal peptide chain sequence, namely GLP- 1.

GLP- 1 has two forms of biological activity, namely GLP- 1(7-37) and GLP- 1 (7-36) amide. There is only one amino acid sequence difference between them. GLP- 1 About 80% of the circulation activity comes from GLP-65438+.