The original Huai Opera was mostly a small play of folk life, and its main aria was Huai Opera developed on the basis of folk songs, incense and some folk songs, which was later called "Old Huai Opera".
Influenced by Hui Opera and Peking Opera, Huai Opera transplanted and performed some great dramas that expressed historical life. Because you have to rely on it and play tricks, it is called "relying on tricks." In terms of singing, it absorbed the singing of Huizhou Opera and made corresponding changes, creating the leaning handle tune, also known as the "Old Huizhou tune".
In the early Huai opera, the old Huai tune was the main tone, and the singing was basically a patchwork structure without orchestral instruments. 19 12 years, Huai Opera actors He and He Kongbiao came to Shanghai to sing with Huai Opera.
Around 1930, Dai Baoyu, Liang Guangyou, Xie Changyu and others began to create some new tunes accompanied by erhu, which were named "Ladiao" because they were played with bows.
With the new enrichment and development of La Diao aria in the plate change, and the appearance of the first group of actresses, such as Dong, etc., the performing art of Huai Opera has been greatly improved, and the floating area has gradually expanded from Yancheng, Taizhou, Funing, Huai 'an, Baoying and Xinghua to Jiangsu Province.
1939 Xiao, a famous actress, created a new free tune on the basis of singing methods such as Latin tune, which greatly enhanced the expressive force of Huai opera singing methods. Later, the famous actor He Jiaotian created a continuous aria, which further enriched the free tune.
1942, Yanfu Art Troupe and other drama performance teams were established, and the Huai Opera Research Association was established. He not only created and performed modern dramas reflecting the people's revolutionary struggle, but also created new tunes such as New Huai and New Sad Tone, and absorbed some songs of Yangzhou Xiaokou, enriching the aria of Huai Opera.
After the founding of New China, Huai Opera, popular in Jiangnan, developed with free tune as the main body, fresh and lively; However, Huai Opera in northern Jiangsu still maintains the practice of taking Huai and La as the main development routes, with a strong local flavor.
Many accomplished Huai Opera masters have created new vocal cavity from these different vocal cavity systems, such as the free vocal cavity of Xiaoyu School and Ma School, the drawcavity of Li School and the drawcavity of He School.
In addition to the above-mentioned main vocals, there are Nanchang tune, Huai Sad tune, Spring tune, Cross tune, Xiahe tune and Yezi tune, as well as some tunes from folk songs and ditties, such as Mo tune, Bu Gang tune, Job-hopping tune, Ba Duan Jin tune and Blue Bridge tune.
The language of Huai Opera is based on Jianghuai Mandarin dialect, taking into account local languages such as Huai 'an and Yanfu nearby. Jianhu is located in the middle of the birthplace of Huai Opera, where most actors of Tongzi Opera and Xianghuo Opera were born in history.
Compared with the surrounding areas, the language in this area has the advantages of stable intonation, distinct four tones, complete five tones, rich charm, pure pronunciation and good listening, which is adopted by Huai opera actors in different periods.
In the long-term practice, the language of Huai Opera has gradually formed 20 rhymes, including 14 rhymes, namely, climbing sand, dancing, reading, worrying about harvest, laughing and laughing, being neat, talking about mountains, Tian Xian, Chen Sheng, hanging ash, frequent business and fluffy.
In practice, the language of Huai Opera is usually mixed with Bobby Chen and Qin Xin. In the four-syllable rhyme of 14, Yin Ping and Yang Ping are called "Xia Yun" because they are specially used in the next sentence. The words "Shang Sheng" and "Qu Sheng" are dedicated to the previous sentence, so they are called "Shang Yun". In addition, there are six entering tones, which are called "one-word rhyme".
Huai Opera can also be divided into West Road Huai Opera and East Road Huai Opera in singing and performance. West Road Huai Opera is mainly located in Huai 'an and Baoying, which is the birthplace of early Huai Opera. The singing method is dominated by the old Huai tune, and the performance is a bit stiff. Huaiju Opera in Donglu takes Yanfu area as its main birthplace, and its singing method is mainly free-tune, with flexible performance.
Huai Opera can be divided into south and north regions by region. The southern region mainly refers to Shanghai and its surrounding areas, and the northern region mainly refers to Yanfu, Huaibei, Yangzhou and Thailand.
The musical structure of Huai Opera's aria has evolved from the original unaccompanied treble music system to a dramatic and lyrical banqiang music system. During the period of Hunan Opera, the main vocals were Hunan Opera and Huai Pao, which originated from Neimen Tanci in Jingjiang, Huai 'an and Baoying, Tongzi Opera, Tian Ge and Haozi respectively.
Due to the constant absorption and creation of the actors of past dynasties, by the end of 1930s, Huai Opera had gradually formed three main tunes: pull tune, Huai tune and free tune. There are dozens of tunes derived from the three themes, such as Ye Zi tune, Cross tune, Southern Long tune, Xiahe tune, Huaibei tune and Dabei tune.
At the same time, there are more than 60 songs 160, such as Blue Bridge Tune, Baduanjin Tune, Dacaitai Tune, Liu Ye Tune and New Year Picture Tune, which are absorbed from folk tunes and evolved into opera singing. Except for some folk tunes, these tunes are similar in tone and tonality, and their structural forms are also complete and unified.
The aria music of Huai Opera belongs to banqiang, with Huai tune, Latin tune and free tune as the three main tones. Huai tune is high-pitched and intense, with strong narrative, which is mostly used for narrative; The tone is euphemistic and delicate, and the lines are fresh, which is suitable for lyric scenes; Free-tune melody is smooth, plastic and comprehensive.
Some tunes derived from the three major themes, such as Monosyllabic Tone, Leaf Tone, Cross Tone, Southern Long Tone, Xiahe Tone, Huai Sad Tone and Great Sad Tone, as well as Blue Bridge Tone, Baduanjin Tone, Dacaitai Tone, Liu Yezi Tone and New Year Tone, which evolved from folk tunes, all have their own auxiliary tunes.
There are many kinds of tunes 100, and the main melody melody is similar in mode and tonality, which are basically three modes: requisition mode, business mode and feather mode, all of which have a complete floor-throwing and board-throwing structure, which is connected with the unique accompaniment gongs and drums of Huai Opera.
Among the accompaniment instruments of Huai Opera, orchestral music includes erhu, sanxian, dulcimer, flute and suona. Percussion instruments include flat drums, Su Gong, cymbals and drums. Percussion music evolved from folk gongs and drums such as Qilin Gong and Yanfu Ancient Painting Gong on the basis of incense, including bangzi Gong, cross Gong, Lanqiao Gong, grinding Gong, scattered board Gong, plucked board Gong, panic Gong and Qingjiang Music with physical performances.
Huai opera is famous for its ability to learn from the past, write and use martial arts. Because it performs on the same stage as Anhui Opera and Beijing Opera, it absorbs more performances of these two operas, while maintaining some characteristics of folk opera and rap art, such as good singing.
The martial arts of Huai Opera is deeply influenced by Hui Opera. For example, when Xu Changshan performs lantern rolling, there is a stack of bowls on his head, and the top bowl is filled with oil and lit. He can drill a bench on the table, do splits, stand upside down, stir up oolong and so on.
Other acrobatics, such as playing with plates, playing with fireballs, playing with handkerchiefs and stepping on wooden balls, are mostly absorbed from Huizhou Opera.
Dui Opera and three small operas were formed in the early stage of Xiang Opera, and the repertoires include Xiao Da Wa, Planting Barley, Dabugang and grinding bean curd. The content is unpretentious, the language is humorous and the life is full of interest. It has distinct national style and local characteristics in China, but it is still a folk life drama in the field of rap.
The plays of Huai Opera, such as Jiu Lian, Shi San Ying and Seventy-two Records, are mostly from the transplantation of the purpose of Hui Opera. Some of them belong to the common plays of different operas, and some are self-created. Nine Lotus and Thirteen English are both plays named after the main characters in the play, and Seventy-two Changes is named after various legendary stories.
They have content words and proprietary tunes, certain performance procedures, roles such as life, Dan, quietness, end and ugliness, and begin to take the form of drama. Most of its contents are against tyranny, attacking selfishness and praising the sincere love between men and women.
During the same period, there were four main mystery dramas, namely, Ding Huang, Wang Zhao in a hurry, the story of medicinal tea and the story of duck soup, which were all based on the real events in China.
Liantai Opera began in the 1920s and was once all the rage. The main repertoires are Yang Jiajiang, Yue Fei, The Legend of Flying Dragon, The Moon and the Moon are Full, An Bang Guo Ding Zhi, Shen Feng Bang Zhi, The History of Seven Kingdoms, Meng Lijun, Zheng Qiaojiao, The Legend of Gan Long and Gong Peng 'an.
Most of these plays were adapted from historical legends and folk stories, and some of them were fixed in popular performances, which became the reserved plays of Huai Opera later. This drama appeared around1940s, and its plays include Three Women Grab the Board, Abandoning a Wife and Examining a Wife, etc. And it has been going on.
From 1937 to 1987, there are thousands of plays in Huai Opera, including Take Less, Can't Be Wrong, Fish Spring River, Home, Morning in the Harbor, Bowling, Soul of the Road, Divorce and Red Lantern Up High.
Modern Huai operas such as Sun Flower, river of no return and the Sound of Suona by Jiangsu Huai Opera Troupe, the eldest son at home by Shanghai Huai Opera Troupe, Ten Village Officials by Yancheng Huai Opera Troupe and Barber and Barber by Jianhu Huai Opera Troupe are also deeply loved by the audience.
Huai opera