During the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, the war-torn economic center in the north began to move southward.

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During the Song Dynasty, the economy was unprecedentedly prosperous and moved southward (the political center of the Southern Song Dynasty was entirely in the south of the Yangtze River). The Yellow River Basin is the main birthplace of the Chinese nation and the earliest developed area in China, with a concentrated population and developed economy and culture, becoming the earliest economic center. However, since the Anshi Rebellion, the northern part was greatly affected by the separatist regime, the rise of Qidan and the invasion to the south, and the production was destroyed, while the southern part was relatively stable. The population in the north began to migrate to the south in large numbers, bringing advanced production technology. From then on, the economic center of gravity began to shift to the south!

(A) the development process

1. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, we focused on developing the south.

2. During the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the south was developed on a large scale, and it began to catch up with the north at the end of the Southern Dynasties.

3. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the economy in the south developed rapidly, and the gap between the north and the south was not big.

4. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the southern economy further developed.

5. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the economy of the South developed remarkably, completely surpassing that of the North.

6. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the southern economic center of gravity was consolidated and developed.

(B) the major development period of the economic center of gravity moving south

1. The period from the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the end of the Southern Dynasty. During this period, due to the war in the north and the inward migration of ethnic minorities since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the economy in the north declined. The relatively stable environment in the south of the Yangtze River made the northern people move south to avoid the war, which increased a lot of labor force for agricultural production in South China, especially brought advanced production tools and technologies. Together with the Han nationality in the south and the ethnic minorities such as Shanyue, they built water conservancy projects and reclaimed large areas of fertile land. Rice cultivation techniques have been improved, wheat has been popularized, and Niu Geng has been popularized. The economy in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has developed rapidly, and Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi have also developed to a certain extent. By the end of the Southern Dynasty, the southern economy began to catch up with the northern one.

2. From the Anshi Rebellion to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. During this period, the north once again experienced long-term war and the economy was seriously damaged. It didn't recover and develop until after Zhou Shizong, while the south was relatively stable. In order to preserve and enhance their own strength, rulers of various countries pay more attention to agricultural production. At the same time, many Zhongyuan people moved to Jiangnan, which increased the local labor force. Therefore, the social economy of the South has made great progress.

3. The Southern Song Dynasty took the "Jingkang Change" at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty as the turning point. During this period, the people's struggle against gold prevented Jin Jun from moving south, and the northern working people moved south one after another, which made the southern economy advance by leaps and bounds on the original basis. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, where farming technology is the most developed, paddy fields have increased, rice planting area has expanded, and the yield has been greatly improved. The proverb "Suzhou Lake is ripe, and the world is full" vividly reflects the important position of Taihu Lake basin production in the country. In addition, the promotion of cotton planting, the improvement of cotton textile technology, the progress of shipbuilding technology, the development of commodity economy and the prosperity of overseas trade are all beyond the reach of the north, which shows that the southern economy has surpassed the north and achieved an unshakable economic center of gravity. As for the opening of water and sea transportation in the Yuan Dynasty, the seeds of capitalism in China first appeared in Jiangnan, further illustrating this unshakable economic center.

(C) the characteristics of the economic center of gravity moving south

The southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China has three obvious characteristics:

(1) A large number of northerners moved south, bringing advanced production technology and experience, which reflected the highest productivity level at that time;

(2) The trend of southward migration is often the most prominent in the period of national division or separatist war;

③ The southward movement of the political center has certain influence on the southward movement of the economic center.

(D) the reasons for the economic center of gravity moving south

① There are more wars in the north and relative peace and stability in the south;

(2) A large number of farmers in the north moved to the south, bringing advanced production technology and supplementing the labor force in the south of the Yangtze River;

(3) Jiangnan rulers pay more attention to economic development in order to develop their strength;

(4) The working people in the north and south strive to develop Jiangnan;

⑤ The production conditions and natural environment in the south are superior.

(E) the law of the economic center of gravity moving south:

From north to south, from the yellow river basin to the Yangtze river basin and Jiangnan area; Gradually transferred from the mainland to the coast.

Geography: the reason for the shift of economic center of gravity can also be understood from a geographical perspective: climate impact. Before the Song Dynasty, the grain was mainly dry land crops such as wheat and millet, and the suitable environment for these crops was the temperate continental climate in the north. Zhancheng rice was introduced in the Northern Song Dynasty and became the main crop in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, the output increased and the area expanded. Rice is not suitable for planting in temperate continental climate, but suitable for planting in the subtropical monsoon climate zone in the south of the Yangtze River with good light and heat conditions, simultaneous rain and heat, abundant water resources and developed water conservancy projects.

Jiangnan is dominated by plains and hills, with deep soil layers, which are easy to cultivate and operate. Tea tree, sugarcane and citrus are more suitable for planting in Jiangnan.

Soil erosion is serious in the north, natural resources are destroyed and the environment is deteriorated, which affects agricultural production. This situation is mainly caused by man-made forest burning and land reclamation, resulting in soil erosion and land area reduction.

Traffic and foreign trade have also promoted the development of Jiangnan.

Politics: The shift of the economic center of gravity to the south is the inevitable result of the dialectical relationship between the local natural environment and the whole social productive forces.

The enlightenment of the phenomenon that the economic center of gravity moved south in ancient times: political stability is a necessary condition for economic development; The ruler's emphasis on economic development is an important factor in its economic development; The timely introduction and application of the most advanced science and technology in economic construction is an important guarantee to promote rapid economic development.

Based on the above reasons and understanding of current events, in the process of China's current western development, the development and protection of ecological balance are dialectical unity, and we should take the correct road of sustainable development.

At present, the development of the western region is not a shift of economic focus to the west, but an important measure to narrow the gap between the east and the west and take the road of prosperity, which embodies the basic principle of common prosperity for all ethnic groups.