Gorbachev's "new thinking of reform" completely dried up the political and ideological foundation of the army. The "new political thinking" made the Soviet Union lose its dominant position in the field of military ideology, and the ideological trend of "depoliticization" and "nationalization" flooded in the army.
The Soviet Union's attack on the country's political system and its self-denial and self-uglification of history, on the one hand, fundamentally shook the ideals and beliefs of the broad masses of officers and men, on the other hand, caused a profound ideological and organizational division within the army, and there was a serious confrontation between the broad masses of officers who were in favor of and opposed to reform, actively participated in and passively hated political activities.
"New diplomatic and military thinking" made millions of soldiers and their families in Eastern Europe and Mongolia abandon their homes and businesses in a very short time, abandoned equipment, shooting ranges, airports, houses and facilities worth billions of dollars, withdrew to China, and settled in open spaces, tents or other people's homes.
The unilateral disarmament and surrender of strategic nuclear weapons and short-and medium-range missiles, which cannot wait, have caused the army to have a large number of tasks and problems without mental preparation and planning, and its sense of honor, self-confidence and dignity have been completely lost. As a unified multi-ethnic political force, the Soviet Union no longer exists.
Extended data:
8- 19 thunder
At six o'clock in the morning on October 9th, Soviet time/KLOC, Soviet Vice President yanayev suddenly issued an order, announcing that in view of the health condition of Soviet President Gorbachev, he could no longer perform the presidency, and according to the Soviet Constitution, he would perform the presidency himself from now on. Yanayev also announced the establishment of the Soviet "National Emergency Committee". A state of emergency was imposed in parts of the Soviet Union for six months. During this period, all state power was transferred to the Soviet National Emergency Committee.
The Soviet National Emergency Committee consists of eight people, including Soviet Acting President yanayev, Soviet Prime Minister Pavlov, First Vice President of the Soviet National Defense Conference Baklanov, Soviet Defense Minister Yazov, Soviet Interior Minister Pug, and Chairman of the Soviet National Security Council Kruckov.
The State Emergency Committee of the Soviet Union issued a letter to the Soviet people, saying that the reform policy advocated by Gorbachev had "entered a dead end" and that "the fate of the Soviet country and people is at an extremely dangerous and severe moment", and called on Soviet citizens to support the Committee's efforts to get the country out of the crisis. On the same day, the Committee issued "Order 1".
The order, which includes 16, said that in order to safeguard the vital interests of the people of all ethnic groups in the Soviet Union, the territorial integrity of the country, restore the legal system and overcome the crisis, government organs and administrative organs at all levels must unconditionally implement a state of emergency, and those who cannot guarantee the implementation of the state of emergency will be suspended from their activities, and the special plenipotentiary appointed by the Emergency Committee will be responsible.
Immediately reorganize political organs, administrative organs and military organizations that do not act in accordance with the Soviet Constitution and Soviet laws; Acts and decisions of government organs and administrative organs that do not conform to the Soviet Constitution and decrees are invalid; Stop the activities of political parties and social groups that hinder the normalization of the situation; Weapons illegally owned by citizens and groups must be handed over immediately; Prohibit assemblies and processions, and impose curfews when necessary; Monitor the news
The order also requires the Soviet cabinet to take measures to ensure the supply of food and consumer goods for residents. At this time, Gorbachev, who was recuperating in Crimea on the Black Sea coast, was under house arrest and his contact with Moscow was completely interrupted.
The disintegration of the Soviet Union suddenly accelerated.
After the failure of the 819 incident aimed at maintaining the original alliance system of the Soviet Union, the disintegration of the Soviet Union has become irreversible. At the press conference on the 22nd, Gorbachev declared: "(The Soviet Union) has entered a decisive stage of change. Power is changing, ownership relations are changing, and the Federation is also changing. It is close to signing a new alliance treaty (the Treaty on Soviet Sovereignty and League of Nations originally scheduled to be signed on 20th). What has happened, that is, what happened on the eve of signing the treaty, is not accidental.
The struggle also arises from this and is sharp. He also admitted that Yeltsin "played an outstanding role in quelling the conspiracy". Gorbachev said: "In recent months and days, everything Yeltsin and I have done is to make our harmony and cooperation a constant factor that unites all democratic forces and all countries. Some people try to undermine this position, but the situation has made us strong. "
However, Gorbachev misjudged the situation. Yeltsin did not establish the so-called "Soviet Union Sovereignty Alliance" with Gorbachev.
Only two days later, on 24th, Gorbachev announced his resignation as general secretary of the Soviet Union and suggested that the Central Committee of the Soviet Union "dissolve itself". Gorbachev claimed that the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union and the Political Bureau were "not opposed" to the recent events, that the Central Committee "failed to take a firm stand of condemnation and boycott" and that the Central Committee of the Soviet Union should make a "decision to dissolve itself" and that "the fate of the production parties and local party organizations in the Soviet Union and the Republic of China is up to them". He said: "For myself, I think it is impossible to continue to perform the function of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union. I am handing over the corresponding power."
The end of the life of the CPSU actually declared the disintegration of the Soviet Union irreversible.
On the same day, Russian President Yeltsin announced that the Russian Federation recognized the independence of Estonia and Latvia. The two republics declared their independence on August 20th and 22nd, respectively.
On the same day, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet declared Ukraine's independence. People's Republic of China (PRC) will hold a referendum on the document approving Ukrainian independence in1991121. Ukraine is the second largest member of the Soviet Union after the Russian Federation. Prior to this, Lithuania and Georgia in the Soviet Union had declared their independence.
On the same day, Yeltsin issued an order to hand over the archives of the General Affairs Department of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union, the local party committees of the Soviet Union and the archives of the National Security Council of the Soviet Union to the Russian archives organs.
On the same day, Soviet Marshal Agro Mayev committed suicide on 24th. Agro Meyer is the chief of the general staff of the Soviet Union and the military adviser of Soviet President Gorbachev. On the same day, Pravda "stopped publishing".
The red flag rose from the Kremlin.
After the 8 19 incident subsided, various Soviet countries declared their independence. By the end of September, the number of countries that declared independence had reached 12. 199 1 year 1 February1day, Ukraine, the second largest country, also declared its independence. 199165438+On February 8, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine announced the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States. At the same time, he declared that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics "no longer exists".
Yeltsin, Shushkevich and kravchuk, the leaders of the three countries, issued a statement saying that it has become a reality for countries to withdraw from the Soviet Union and establish independent countries because the negotiations on signing the new alliance treaty have "reached a dead end".
The leaders of the three countries announced that the CIS coordination body is located in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, and the former Soviet Union and other countries that agree with its purpose can participate.
199 1 1 221leaders of independent countries including Russia11held an independent summit in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The meeting adopted the Almaty Declaration and the Protocol on Armed Forces, officially announcing the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-August 19 Incident