Potted English: bonsai. In English vocabulary, some things from China were first introduced into western countries by Japanese, so they are all pronounced in Japanese. For example: tofu, go, origami, and so on. Potting system evolved from the traditional garden art in China. As for the cultivation of ornamental plants, it originated from ancient garden landscaping, and created gardens by imitating natural landscapes. There are Yao ginseng in summer, Lutai in business and Lingtai in week. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "built a platform liquid pool in Zhangjian Palace, overlapping Penglai, Abbot and Yingtai". In the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, Jingming Temple and Daxiong Hall were built by Xuanwu Emperor Yuan Ke. In the temple, "the green forest hangs down, the green leaves write, the moss is purple, and the floating road is even." Although it's four o'clock outside, there's no heat or cold inside. Outside the eaves are all mountain ponds, all over the land, pu, ling and lotus. Purple armor and yellow scales, algae and insects infested; Green geese float and sink in green water.

Edit the history of this potted plant

early stage

As early as the Five Emperors Historical Records, there was a record of Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan appreciating jade. It is also described that the black jade was made into Xuanzang (handicraft) and given to Yu, and it was stipulated that there were "strange stones" as tributes in various places. Zhou Li records that the Duke of Zhou planted a wall in his place. According to historical records, Sean, the minister in the early Han Dynasty, presented Huangshi at the foot of the ancient city as a treasure. The Southern Vegetation written by Han Ji, the secretariat of Guangzhou in Jin Dynasty, once recorded that Shi Xie, the prefect of Guangzhou, presented citrus reticulata to Sun Quan, which was considered as a unique auspicious thing at that time. Sun Quan gave a banquet and had a good drink.

Eastern Han Dynasty

During the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), painted in the murals of the Eastern Han Tomb excavated in Wang Du, Hebei Province, pottery rolled along a round basin, in which six red flowers were planted and placed on several square seats, forming a trinity of potted plants, pots and seats. pot culture

the Tang Dynasty

In the Tang Dynasty (6 18-907), the poet Bai Juyi recited "Taihu Stone": "The smoke is three autumn colors, and the waves are full of bitterness. Cut it into sapphire slices and cut off the roots of Biyun. The atmosphere passes through the rock tip, and the moss pattern protects the cave door. " These three peaks are very small and should be Sun Huashan. "Li Heyong's Song of Five Komatsu": "The son of the snake, the grandson of the snake, and the rice in Chibi is fragrant. Green wave soaked leaves are full of light, and thin beam dragon beard reamer scissors. The national map is spread on the master's wall, and there are many vulgar Confucianism in front of the master's hall. "The moon is full of white dew and autumn tears, and stalagmites are willing to send books?"

Song dynasty

By the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), bonsai art had developed to a considerable level. "eighteen bachelor's degree pictures", two paintings have pine bonsai; Its shape is covered with branches, its needles are like bent iron, its hanging roots are unearthed, its roots are scaly, and it has been like things for hundreds of years. "

the Yuan Dynasty

In Yuan Dynasty (127 1- 1368), Lu Shang was good at making "some sub-scenes". Ding Henian, a Hui poet, wrote a poem entitled "A few views on Pingjiang land": "Before the tree basin bends, the old Zen thrives like a nymph. Swallowed the waves, the potential pressure on the Kongtong stone. Just like a hazy space, the sun and the moon are clearly in the pot. " Don't be surprised by being narrow-minded. You have never stood unscathed. "

tomorrow

In the early Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), the bonsai art developed widely and theoretical monographs appeared.

Ching Dynasty

Bonsai was the most popular in Qing Dynasty (1644-191year), especially in Qianlong and Jiaqing years. During the Jiaqing period, Su Ling of Yuxi wrote two volumes of Pot Doll Records, in which there were many descriptions of tree bonsai, and the bonsai was divided into "four great masters" (goldfinch, boxwood, winter jasmine and cypress), "seven sages" (yellow pine, cypress with tassels, holly, ginkgo, pineapple, maple and elm) and "eighteen bachelors".

Edit this potted plant classification.

Traditional potted plants in China can be divided into two categories.

Landscape bonsai

Landscape bonsai-potted plants with stones as the main body, trees as the decoration and people, pavilions, bridges, boats and animals as the shapes. To create a realistic layout and express the landscape. pot culture

Potted trees

Potted trees-take trees as the main body, supplemented by stones, grass, moss and ornaments, imitate the appearance of natural trees, cut and shape them, and show the essence and characteristics of each tree species. There are many kinds of potted trees. Generally, potted plants can be classified according to plant type, plant number, tree height, tree species, ornamental and style. Common potted tree species and ornamental classification table (1) trees are evergreen broad-leaved trees: Ficus microcarpa, Ficus microcarpa, Ivory Tree, Podocarpus, and Rose Orange needles: Pinus thunbergii, Pinus sylvestris, juniper, true cypress, Chinese fir, cypress, Casuarina equisetifolia, spruce, cypress and phellodendron. Lagerstroemia indica fruit: pear, pomegranate, gardenia jasminoides Ellis, bergamot, mulberry, persimmon, apple, pink, golden bean orange, cherry leaf, cold tree: maple, maple, cotinus coggygria, jade leaf, pistachio, beech, elm, cypress, ginkgo, golden willow, etc. Grass plants of brown bamboo, such as Cymbidium hybridum, Cycas Cycas, Phragmites communis, Rose, Acorus gramineus, Alpinia oxyphylla, Mountain moss, Red moss, Velvet moss, Rhododendron, etc., can be roughly divided into two types according to the number of plants: single sun drying and multiple sun drying. A single trunk tree has only one trunk in the basin, while a multi-trunk tree has more than two trunks in the basin. Go it alone-straight, oblique, curved (like wood), etc. Heavy stems-double stems, three stems, five stems, seven stems, joint planting, clumping, rooting, etc. According to the difference between tree height and large and small potted plants, there are different views, and only the recently recognized trend is used to classify them: oversized potted plants are over 90 cm and below 150 cm. Broad gardens or large-scale exhibitions, super-large potted plants are magnificent, which once flourished and shined brilliantly; However, with the shrinking living space, it gradually lost its former scenery. Large potted plants are 75 cm to 90 cm. pot culture

This large potted plant can be moved by two people at most, and it is the favorite height of potted plants at home and abroad. The style, style and antique of this potted plant can be fully displayed, and it is the most ideal potted plant for lovers with large living space. Medium-sized potted plants are larger than 30 cm and smaller than 75 cm. This is the most popular potted plant at present. A person can move freely with both hands, and it is also very convenient to manage. You can put it on the porch, living room, coffee table and auditorium at will. It is also the most popular and expensive potted plant in the world at present, and it is also the most ornamental plant that can best express the potting skills of potters. Small potted plants under 30 cm are called small potted plants. It can be moved with one hand, which is convenient for management and viewing. You can put it on the coffee table, desk and small room. It is the most suitable potted plant for lovers who don't have enough space in the city. At present, the living environment is getting smaller and smaller, and small potted plants are gradually attracting attention at home and abroad. Because it is easy to shape, medium-sized potted plants will become the mainstream in the future, especially small potted plants with the size of 15 cm to 20 cm. Super mini potted plants are about ten centimeters. Japan is commonly known as "bean potted plants". Can hold several pots in one hand, petite and exquisite, quite cute. Because of its small size, it can't fully express the artistic conception of the basin. Management is very difficult, so it can't be widely promoted, so there are fewer fans and it is more suitable for living in an apartment.

In this part, edit the cultivation techniques of fruit trees.

Selection of flowerpot and configuration of nutrient soil

Choose clay pots, wooden barrels and wooden cases with drainage holes, with a diameter of 40cm, a bottom diameter of 35cm and a height of 30cm. Prepare nutrient soil: 6 parts of fertile ripe soil, 2 parts of river sand, decomposed sheep manure 1 part, fermented leaves 1 part, and horseshoe fertilizer, mix them evenly in proportion, and sieve.

Shangpen

Select seedlings with strong plants, full buds and no pests and diseases, and pot them in the first half of April. When planting, soak the roots with 5-degree lime-sulfur mixture for disinfection, and cut off the necrotic roots. First, put a small amount of nutrient soil at the bottom of the basin, put in seedlings, control the roots evenly, stabilize the soil and bury it, and water it in time to ensure survival.

Fertilizer and water management

Apply 0.2% available nitrogen fertilizer 1 time before and after germination. Since May, liquid fertilizer 1 time has been applied every 10 day, with 200 times of liquid organic cake fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by 0.2% urea, diammonium, ammonium sulfate and other inorganic liquid fertilizers. When fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves during fruit expansion, 0.3%-0.5% urea and 3%-5% plant ash extract can be sprayed. Autumn shoots are luxuriant, fruits are close to maturity, and organic liquid fertilizer is topdressing every half month 1 times and 200 times. The new buds stop growing and the fruit ripens. According to the plant growth, topdressing 1 time every 10 day, with 200 times of organic liquid fertilizer as the main fertilizer and 0.2% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. The soil of potted apples should be thoroughly dried and watered, and water should be replenished in time during germination, flowering and fruit expansion. In June, in order to promote flower bud differentiation, water should be properly controlled, and less water should be watered in the rainy season from July to August.

Plastic trimming

Potted fruit trees can be pruned into bonsai trees according to personal hobbies. Pay attention to the opening angle to make them ventilated and transparent, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds and high yield. The crown of potted apples should be controlled from 1 year-old seedlings, and the dry height should be equal to or higher than twice the height of the pot. The method of coiling and pulling branches should be used to inhibit the growth and promote the growth of branches, or to pick the required height of 1 year-old seedlings and strengthen the trunk before sending new branches. By adopting new technology to cultivate tree shape and twisting the tips of overgrown branches and competing branches between 5-7 leaves of branches, the height of trees can be effectively controlled, overgrowth can be prevented and flower bud growth can be promoted. It is necessary to make full use of schools with vigorous branches and fierce competition, and twist the branches, pick the core, carve and girdle them, which can cultivate a large number of fruiting branches, promote them to form flower buds, and achieve the goal of early fruiting and more fruiting. Potted apples have entered the fruiting period, and the tree shape has been basically established. The branches should be selected and reserved reasonably according to the varieties, so that the whole crown space can be occupied and utilized reasonably. The long branches with space can cultivate new skeletons, and the short branches can be cultivated into fruiting branches to keep the crown stable, alternate in length and suitable in leaf-fruit ratio.

Guo Hua management

1. Artificial pollination: In order to ensure the fruit setting rate of potted apples, the pollinated flower varieties are taken out from orchards with similar phenological periods 2-3 days before the flowering of apples, and artificial pollination is carried out at the early flowering stage and the morning of flowering of potted apples. 2. Spraying boron at flowering stage: spraying 0.25% borax at flowering stage to improve fruit setting rate. 3. Bagging: In order to improve the fruit quality and prevent the damage of pests and diseases to the fruit after physiological fruit drop, the fruit is bagged, and the fruit bag is removed before the fruit matures 15-30 days, so that the fruit is colored. 4. Color and paste words: potted apples have the characteristics of convenient management. Turn over the pots in the later stage of fruit growth to make the fruit fully colored. Remove the fruit bag before the fruit ripens/0/5-30 days, and paste the words "Fu", "Shou", "Lu", "Fa" and "Auspicious" on the sunny side of the fruit. When the fruit is colored and ripe, remove the sticker, and words and various beautiful patterns will appear on the apple fruit, making the potted apple more beautiful.

Eliminate pests and diseases

Potted apples have fine management, good ventilation and light transmission, vigorous growth and less pests. Once pests and diseases occur, they should be removed in time, scraped off the diseased spots and artificially caught pests. When serious diseases and insect pests occur, fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil should be sprayed 1-2 times after flowering to prevent and control fruit and leaf diseases. Spraying pyrethroid-based pesticides twice in April-May to control aphids, leaf roller and other pests; Spraying Saoli and Uranus 1-2 times in June and July to control red spider and peach moth; Spraying fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate and Bordeaux mixture in July and August to control early defoliation, ring rot and anthracnose.

Nursing fruit to prolong viewing period

25-40 days before the fruit ripens, NAA is sprayed twice every 65,438+00-6 (-6 is superscript)-50× 65,438+00-6 (-6 is superscript), and NAA 30×65 65,438+00 is sprayed continuously before the fruit ripens.

Pour the pot and change the soil

In order to fertilize and prune the roots of potted apples, improve the nutritional conditions, and make the trees grow healthily, the pots are changed every year before dormancy in winter or germination in spring, and the original soil is replaced with newly configured cultivation soil (including applied organic fertilizer and chemicals for killing underground pests). When changing the soil, first wrap the bamboo pieces around the inner wall of the pot, then turn the pot upside down, hold the apple plants and soil with your hands and pour it out under the action of gravity. Then use a sharp knife to cut off the 3-4cm thick old soil and roots around the soil, then put them into a new pot filled with cultivated soil, fill in the new cultivated soil around and compact it, and pour enough water.

Edit this new variety

Vertical duck crack

1. The selected Yali pear is a bud mutation of Yali pear, which was found in Dadongcheng Village, Shulu County, Hebei Province. 1975 was introduced to the national pear germplasm garden for observation, 1985 was cultivated in the courtyard and tested in pot. 1995 suggested that vertical branch yali pear could be used as courtyard greening and potted. 2. Botanical characteristics: the crown is loose, the branches droop and grow, and the trunk is green and brown. 1 annual branches are yellow-green, bending downward. The leaves are oval, dark green, thick, sharp, round at the bottom, with wavy edges and rough serrations. 3. Fruit characteristics The fruit is medium in size, with an average weight of 185g and a short gourd shape. The peel has a yellow-green background color at harvest, with an inconspicuous blush on the sunny side, and it turns yellow completely after storage. Beautiful appearance, long fruit stalk and no stalk depression. Sepals persistent, curved deep and wide. The flesh is white, thin and crisp, with less stone cells, more juice and sweet and slightly sour taste. It contains soluble solids 1 1.98%, soluble sugar 6.38%, titratable acid 0. 18% and vitamin C 0.30mg/ 100g. Excellent quality. 4. Biological characteristics (1) The tree has a moderate growth habit. 40-year-old tree, with a height of 5 meters and a crown width of 4.5 meters, has strong ability of sprouting and branching, many indoor branches, drooping naturally and growing like weeping willows. (2) The fruiting habit is mainly short fruit branches, and the middle fruit branches and axillary flower buds can also bear fruit after three years of planting. High and stable yield. (3) Phenology in Xingcheng area, flower buds germinate in early April, blossom in early May, fruit ripens in mid-September, leaves fall in early October, fruit development days are 1 135 days, and vegetative growth days are about 2 10 days. (4) The resistant plants have moderate cold resistance, flower buds are vulnerable to freezing injury, strong drought resistance and weak scab resistance. 5. Characteristics and application of agricultural technology. When used in courtyard greening, common pear varieties or Dalu pears can be planted first, and then vertical branch Yali pears can be grafted when they grow to a certain height. 1 plant can be grafted with 4-8 branches to form a beautiful vertical branch Yali ornamental tree. If it is used as a potted plant, the rootstock Du pear or Yamanashi can be planted first, and then the hanging branch Yali pear can be grafted at the height of 1 m after survival, so as to cultivate a potted tree. Potted rootstocks can also germinate at the base of vertical pear to cultivate potted vertical pear. Because vertical branch yali pear is not resistant to scab, attention should be paid to strengthening the prevention and control of scab. Vertical branch Yali pear is a variety with both edible value and ornamental greening value. It has broad application prospects in garden cultivation and potted plants.

Xing' ai No.3 pear

Jingjing Xing 'ai No.3 bred by 1. is a compact resource selected from Jinxiang pear (Nanguo pear× Bali pear) by Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1980 was used for dwarfing identification, 1985 was used for pot experiment, and 1995 was named "Xing 'ai No.3". 2. Botanical characteristic tree is compact and solid, and its posture is open. The trunk is green and brown with many branches. 1 year-old branches are yellow-brown, internodes are short and thick, and the epidermis is dry and dense. The leaves are oval, dark green, shiny, thick and tough. The tip of the leaf is pointed, the base of the leaf is wedge-shaped, and the edge of the leaf is serrated. Petiole short, reddish green. The young leaves are orange-red. 3. Fruit characteristics The fruit is small, with an average single fruit weight of 73g. The fruit is round, yellow-green with a faint blush on the sunny side. Pedicels are medium long and thick. The stone is big, the flesh is yellow and white, the texture is medium and thick, the juice is rich and the taste is sweet. It contains soluble solids 13% ~ 15.5%, titratable acid 0.20%, vitamin c 3.5 mg/100g fresh weight. The quality is above average. 4. The biological characteristics (1) are weak. 15-year-old tree has a height of1.75m, a crown width of1.9m and a stem circumference of 34cm.. The bud germination rate is 73.3%, and the branches are robust, and 3 ~ 4 branches can be produced under the cuttings. 1 year, the average growth of branches is 27 cm and the diameter is 0.39 cm. Internodes are short, with an average of 0.96 cm. The results of pot experiment show that the tree is short and compact, and the height of 4-year-old pot tree is 65 ~ 70 cm. (2) The fruiting habit is easy to form fruiting flower buds, some of which will form flower buds in the nursery, which will bear fruit in the first year of pot culture, 12 in the second year and 33 in the third year. Medium-long branches are mainly fruiting, and axillary buds have strong fruiting ability. The secondary branches of fruit table have strong germination ability and continuous fruiting ability. Potted plants are not easy to drop fruit. (3) The phenology is in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province. This variety germinates in the middle and late April, blooms in early May, matures from late August to early September, and leaves fall in early October of165438+/kloc-0. The days of fruit development were 122, and the days of vegetative growth were 209. (4) Resistant leaves are highly resistant to scab, while branches are not resistant to ring rot and rot. Moderate cold resistance. 5. Utilization prospect, Xing 'ai 3 is an excellent variety suitable for potted plants because of its short and compact size.

Xing' ai No.4 pear

Jingjing Xing 'ai No.4 bred by 1. is a compact resource selected from natural seedlings of Jinxiang pear (Nanguo pear× Bali pear) by Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1980 was used for dwarfing identification, and 1995 was used for pot experiment, which was named "Xing 'ai No.4" that year. 2. Botanical characteristic tree is compact and solid, with a semi-open attitude. The trunk is green-brown, 1 annual branches are yellow-green, and the internodes are short and stout. The lenticels are large and round. The leaves are oval, emerald green, shiny, sharp-pointed and round at the bottom. Petiole is medium long and thick. The young leaves are light green. 3. Fruit characteristics The fruit is small, with an average single fruit weight of 67.64 grams and an oval shape. The fruit surface is yellow-green, smooth, with small and many fruit points, medium-long fruit stalk and shallow and narrow stalk. Sepals persist, and calyx depressions are shallow and narrow. The core is big, the flesh is yellow and white, the meat is soft, the entrance is easy, juicy and sweet. It contains soluble solids 1 1.25%, soluble sugar 7.7%, titratable acid 0.3% and vitamin c3 mg/ 100 g, and its quality is above average. 4. Biological characteristics (1) The growth habit tree is moderate, compact and solid, and has an open posture. 15-year-old tree height 1 .64m, crown width1.16m×1.3m, trunk girth 24cm ..1year-old branches have an average length of 20cm and a thickness of 0.67. The germination ability is weak, and the germination rate is 45.4%. The ability to form branches is weak, and two long branches are drawn under the branch extension scissors. (2) The fruiting habit is mainly medium and long branches, and axillary buds are rarely formed after three years of planting. Fruit drop is heavier before harvest. (3) Phenology is in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, with flower buds sprouting in the middle and late April, flowering in the middle and early May, and fruit ripening in the middle of August. (4) Xing Hang was moderately cold-resistant, more resistant to scab, and not resistant to ring rot and branch rot. 5. Dwarf and compact the plant Xing 'ai 4 by using the prospect. Potted, 4-year-old tree height 1.438+0 m. The result of the third year of colonization. The crown is round, the leaves are green, natural and beautiful, and it has great application prospects in potted plants.

Edit this potted knowledge

Potting is one of the important ways of flower production in greenhouse. Generally, flowers in greenhouses are potted, and some open flowers are potted, such as a bunch of red flowers and marigold. It can meet the market demand in winter and spring when flowers are scarce.

Preparation before planting

Potted flowers are mainly prepared for seedling raising and soil cultivation before planting. Planted seedlings can be obtained through various propagation methods or purchase. Different kinds of flowers have different requirements for cultivating soil. Potted soil with rich nutrients and good physical properties should be selected to prepare culture soil. It is usually made of various culture soils. Due to the different materials and habits in different places, the production methods are not the same. Orchid potted ground orchids are humus soil, containing a small amount of sand; The aerial orchid is sphagnum, coconut block or charcoal block.

Planting technique

(1) Planting period Although the temperature in the greenhouse can be adjusted, the suitable planting period should be spring, autumn and Xia San. Among them, spring is the best; Autumn is more suitable for planting, but pay attention to the changes of temperature and moisture; In summer, some tropical foliage plants with aerial roots are usually planted. (2) Planting method ① Potting refers to the operation of planting propagated seedlings or purchased seedlings into flowerpots. According to the size of the seedlings, choose the flowerpot with appropriate specifications; Also pay attention to the difference between the pot for cultivation and the pot for marketing. Cultivation pots are ventilated, such as pottery pots and wooden pots, and marketing pots are beautiful porcelain pots, purple sand pots or plastic pots. Before putting or replacing flowerpots, whether new or old, they should be soaked to remove dirt, moss or leached salt. The method of placing the basin is to cover the drain hole at the bottom of the basin with ceramic tiles, with the concave surface facing down. The bottom of the basin is filled with coarse grains, broken tiles or cinders of culture soil as a drainage layer, and then filled with another layer of culture soil. When transplanting rice seedlings, hold the seedlings in your left hand, put them in the center of the bowl, fill them with culture soil, and hold them down with your hands. After filling the culture soil, there should be an appropriate distance between the soil surface and the mouth of the basin (generally 2 ~ 3 cm). Then fully irrigate with a watering can, spray branches and leaves, and put them in the shade for a few days. After the seedlings resume growth, they are gradually placed in a sunny place.

Edit potted plant skills in this paragraph.

1. Three methods of keeping flowers fresh ① Wild rose is moxibustion with fire at the incision and then inserted into the bottle. Qiuju's incision was coated with a little mint crystal. Adding a small amount of urea or soil leaching solution (the solution obtained by mixing fertile soil with water and filtering) to chrysanthemum in the clear water for raising chrysanthemum can make chrysanthemum in the bottle wither for up to 30 days, which is more than 10 days longer than that in ordinary clear water. White orchids are wrapped in wet cloth at night and left uncovered during the day, which can delay the fading time of flowers by 2-3 days. Insert hibiscus flowers in hot water for a minute or two, and then put them in cold water. Dahlia scissors are soaked in hot water for a while and then inserted into cold water. Peony flowers are soaked in hot water first, and then inserted into cold water. Camellia inserted with light salt water. Lily is inserted in sugar water. Gardenia flower with water 1-2 drops of fresh meat juice. Narcissus is planted in one thousandth of brackish water. Lotus flowers plug pores with mud and then insert them into light salt water. ② When going out, take out the vase and put it in the fruit and vegetable box in the refrigerator, which can keep it for a long time. When you come back, take it out and put it in a vase. It can be lifelike. ③ Dissolving aspirin in water can prolong the flowering time of bottled flowers. 2. Adjust the flowering time. Put flower seeds, plant bulbs or cuttings into plastic bags, then put them in the refrigerator and take them out at the right time for planting. The flowering time can be adjusted at will. 3. Frozen basin recovery method In the cold spring season, potted flowers will freeze outdoors. In this case, the potted flowers can be wrapped in three layers with waste newspapers with strong water absorption. Be careful not to damage the branches and leaves of potted plants when wrapping, and avoid direct sunlight. Let it stand for a day, so that the temperature of potted flowers will gradually increase. After this treatment, the frozen potted flowers can be revived. 4. Clivia summer method In midsummer, the temperature is often above 30℃, which is extremely unfavorable for the growth of Clivia. To this end, scaffolding is often used to cool down. You can also bury Clivia and the basin in the sand (bury the basin), and then sprinkle water on the sand once every morning and evening. This can keep the basin soil moist, and more importantly, it can achieve the purpose of cooling through the endothermic effect of water evaporation in sand. 5. Hydrangea turns blue. Nail a rusty nail at the root of the hydrangea, and the hydrangea will turn blue obviously. 6. Cleaning methods of lime soil on plants Many families usually wash potted flowers under the faucet when cleaning, whether in winter or in midsummer, which often affects the growth of plants due to sudden changes in temperature. If it is a foliage plant, it can be dipped in water and cleaned one by one along the branches. Other plants can be washed with a watering can. 7. Deodorization method of flower cultivation If indoor flowers use fermentation broth as fertilizer, they will give off an unpleasant smell. If orange peel is put into fertilizer solution, the smell will be eliminated. At the same time, orange peel itself is also a good fertilizer. 8. Four methods of self-made pesticides ① Take 200 grams of green onion, chop it up, soak it in 10 liter of water for one day and night, filter it and spray it on the affected area several times a day for five days. (2) 200-300g of garlic, mashed to get juice, diluted with 10 liter of water, and immediately used for spray planting. (3) Soak 400 grams of tobacco powder in 10 liter water for two days and nights, and filter out the tobacco powder. When in use, add 10 liter water and 20-30 grams of soap powder, mix them evenly, and spray them on damaged flowers and trees. (4) water 10L, plant ash 3kg. After soaking for 3 days and 3 nights, the plants can be sprayed. 9. There are many weeds. The weeds in the yard have just been pulled out, and they will be full in a few days. In this case, don't pour out the salt water that is usually used to pickle duck eggs or pickles. In the season when weeds are flourishing, watering the weeds with salt water three or four times can stop the growth of weeds. In addition, the water for boiling potatoes can also remove weeds in the yard or aisle. Weeding with bleaching powder water is also very effective. The method is to sprinkle water on the ground to be weeded, so that the land is soaked. After 24 hours, water the weeds with bleach water.

Edit the potted schools and categories in this paragraph.

The five schools are Lingnan School, Sichuan School, Yang School, Su School and Shanghai School. Other schools: Huizhou, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Beijing, Hongkong, Taiwan Province and Lu Xin. There are tree bonsai and landscape bonsai, which were formed as early as the Song Dynasty. With the continuous innovation of bonsai art and the increasing richness of bonsai materials, new categories of bonsai in China are gradually emerging. Now it can be divided into the following seven categories: the first category, tree bonsai: with trees as the main material and rocks, figures, birds and animals as the foil, through climbing, pruning, shaping and other technical treatments and horticultural cultivation, the landscape of wild giant trees or lush forests is displayed in pots, collectively referred to as tree bonsai. Because the materials of tree bonsai are often excavated from Shan Ye, it is also called stump bonsai. The second category, landscape bonsai: taking all kinds of rocks as the theme materials and taking the natural landscape as the model. After careful selection, cutting, carving and splicing, they are arranged in shallow pots, showing various landscape scenes such as cliffs, dangerous peaks and canyons, green hills and streams, which are collectively called landscape bonsai, also known as rock bonsai. The third category, flood and drought bonsai: flood and drought bonsai is a landscape bonsai with plants, rocks, soil, water and accessories as the main materials. Through processing and layout, rocks are used to separate water and soil, and natural water, dry land, trees and rocks are expressed in a shallow basin. The fourth category, flower bonsai: flower bonsai is called flower bonsai, which takes flowers or woody flowers as the main materials, and after some modification and processing, it is properly matched with rocks and accessories to show the beautiful scenery of flowers in the basin. The fifth category, miniature bonsai: Generally, the height of tree bonsai is below 10 cm, and the length of landscape and flood bonsai pots is not more than 10 cm, which is called miniature bonsai. The sixth category, hanging bonsai: hanging bonsai is an innovative form that combines ordinary bonsai with shell carving, hanging screen and other handicrafts. Wall-hung bonsai can be divided into two categories: one is called landscape wall-hung bonsai, which is dominated by rocks; There is also a kind of bonsai with flowers and trees as the main body, which is called bonsai with flowers and trees hanging on the wall. The seventh category, special-shaped bonsai: special-shaped bonsai refers to a kind of interesting bonsai that plants are planted in special containers and carefully maintained and shaped.