Embroidery mainly includes children's shoulder straps, women's flower shoes, waists and headscarves. Horsetail embroidery is a fine product in water embroidery. The production method is to wrap white silk thread on ponytail silk, and then put this ponytail silk thread and colored silk thread on a blue cloth shell to make various geometric patterns and flowers, birds and cordyceps, forming a beautiful picture with complete structure, vivid image and bright colors. So it will take almost a year to use two needles at the same time, one to hold the silk thread, one to pick embroidery back and forth, and one exquisite ponytail embroidery belt. It embodies the intelligence of Shui girls and is the crystallization of their own folk crafts and excellent cultural heritage. The connotation of embroidery often contains the vision, yearning and wishes of the Shui people for a better and happier life in the future, as well as the girls' expectations and affection for youth. ?
Aquarium silver ornaments craft
The silversmith of the Shui nationality is also a silver ornament handicraft handed down from generation to generation, specializing in making decorations with national characteristics, such as women's silver collars, bracelets, earrings, silver pins, silver combs, silver chains on the waist, rings and pressure collars. Children wear silver hats, arhats, silver bells, silver pieces, etc. Now the folk trade shops in Sandu County and Libo County have silver jewelry monopoly counters. Most silversmiths are concentrated in Jiuqian, Shuilong, Qin Zhou and Shuiyao in Sandu Libo.
Aquarium sculpture
The carving skills of the Shui nationality are also very high. There are two kinds of carving: stone carving and wood carving. Stone carving technology is mainly used in sarcophagus tombs, stone bridges and temples. As far back as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the stone carving of the Shui nationality has reached a high level, and the sarcophagus tomb in Yinlang Township belongs to the key cultural relics protection units in Sandu County. Its tombstone is engraved not only with touching Chinese characters, but also with relief-travel maps of flowers, birds, insects, beasts and figures, as well as bronze drums and bird patterns that the Shui people love to see. In addition, there are single-sided tablets, three-sided tablets, five-sided tablets, pavilion tablets, eight-character doors and so on. The carved patterns are exquisite in craftsmanship, vivid in image and lifelike. Now the aquarium is full of stone carving artists, including dozens of Yang Guang 'an. Wood carving techniques are mostly used in houses, windows, shrines, beds, boxes and cabinets. The carving patterns are mostly dragons and phoenixes, flowers and plants, which are meticulous and beautiful.
Shuizu bamboo weaving
The bamboo weaving technology of the aquarium is also very clever. In every village, people will weave dense sun mats, recliners, chairs, dustpans, rice baskets, bamboo screens and so on with white bamboo and golden bamboo. Jiuqian area can weave hats, and the sleeping mat in Dong Tang, Libo County has been famous at home and abroad as early as the Qing Dynasty. This kind of summer sleeping mat is tough, delicate, smooth and cool. It can be folded and put in a family bag. When used, it will be flat as before, with no broken marks. It also has high artistic value. As for daily tools such as laundry baskets, carrying baskets, fish baskets, black-bone chicken cages and dung baskets, several families in various places will know them. Now, these products have developed from daily electrical appliances to craft gifts such as boxes, suitcases, exquisite hats and children's toys. Embroidery and paper-cutting are the crystallization of Daur women's wisdom. Embroidery covers a wide range, including toe, pillowcase, cigarette bag, pillowcase, curtain, tablecloth, quilt cover and so on. Embroidered patterns are lively, natural and simple, with harmonious color matching and distinct layers, giving people a sense of movement and ecology. Paper-cutting is not only rich and colorful, but also forms an independent art in plastic arts, taking the form of multi-level, series, symmetry and radiation, mainly in cloud circles. Used as the bottom sample of decorative patterns for embroidery art and birch bark vessel plastic arts; Some also make patterns around the ceiling vents. And their artistic effect is multi-level rough development and bold style.
Daur people are hardworking and intelligent, and their folk crafts include sculpture, decoration and painting. These processes not only have a long history, but also have exquisite skills and unique methods, which have been passed down to this day.
The plastic arts of De 'ang people are often manifested in silver collars, earrings, silver bracelets, silver cigarette cases and other daily necessities. In these items, it is often necessary to carve flowers and embed treasures, and the production is fine. Buddha statues and earth and wood reliefs in Buddhist temples are common in wood carving and stone carving. There are also various pottery pots with beautiful shapes and good enamel luster, and clay pipe with clenched hands or symmetrical bird patterns is made on both sides. In these fields, De 'ang people have their own craftsmen and artistic talents. From the perspective of artistic style, it is mostly influenced by Han and Dai, and also by Hinayana Buddhism. In the late 1950s, a De 'ang carpenter in his seventies was often invited by Buddhist temples to paint murals, beams and pendants, which was very influential in the local area.
The embroidery of De 'ang nationality is also exquisite. The hem of women's coats is usually embroidered with flowers, grass or geometric patterns with silk threads of various colors. Young people like to nail some colorful pompoms on their handkerchiefs and the ends of Baotou. Women's belts are finely made, wrapped with silver thread, and others are painted in red, black or light yellow, depending on everyone's preference. Some carved flowers, grass, animals and other patterns on the rattan ring, which reflected the unique style of De 'ang plastic arts.
Deang bamboo weaving: A variety of bamboos are the raw materials for weaving Deang bamboo products. De 'ang adult men generally weave, and many old people specialize in weaving bamboo wares with high skills. They can weave all kinds of daily necessities with exquisite patterns, including bamboo baskets, grain baskets, back baskets, flower baskets, hanging baskets, bamboo tables, bamboo beds, bamboo boxes, dustpans, chopsticks tubes and so on. Clothing patterns mainly include animal patterns, whirlpool patterns, diamond patterns, spiral patterns and so on. Among them, the spiral pattern is the most, which is generally used to decorate the front and back of chest towels and robes. Similar decorative patterns or patterns are also painted on birch bark products. These patterns have unique shapes, generous compositions, bright colors and unique national characteristics.
Genre painting vividly shows the fishing and hunting life of Hezhe people in their early years. Their food, clothing, housing, transportation, religious ceremonies, wedding ceremonies, holiday beliefs and living habits can be completely reproduced in genre paintings, which are precious materials for our study of Hezhe culture and art. There are more than 100 paintings by You Yonggui, a 77-year-old fisherman painter in Jiejinkou Ethnic Township, mostly genre paintings.
Rock paintings are ancient paintings painted on rocks. For example, rock paintings reflecting the early Hezhe nationality are preserved on the rocks of Sakak-A Liang village along the Heilongjiang River. One of the paintings, with fire, snake and sun, is a masterpiece of primitive religious art and a true record of the spiritual life of ancient Hezhe ancestors. There are also rock paintings depicting hunting scenes, in which people, galloping horses and animals are vividly painted and very moving.
The plastic arts of Hezhe nationality are relatively developed, with patterns, paper-cuts and sculptures as the mainstay, with a long history and national characteristics. They come from life, are practical and are loved by the general public.
Pattern art is the most developed plastic art of Hezhe nationality. The clothes, shoes, hats and bedding used by people in their early years are all painted with various patterns, especially the patterns on the clothes of women and children in China are even more colorful. Some use cloth pieces, brazed skins or dyed animal skins of various colors to cut into various equal parts, and then piece together symmetrical geometric patterns, moire patterns, fish scales and wavy patterns; Some are made of various moire patterns, flowers, butterflies and small animals. Hezhe people like to use these artworks to make bedding, cushions, women's clothes and children's clothes, which are both strong and beautiful.
Hezhe people are good at paper-cutting. Because they have lived a life of fishing and hunting for a long time, they are familiar with all kinds of birds, beasts, flowers and trees, so they often cut paper into flying birds, running animals and lifelike flowers and trees with their dexterous hands.
Hezhe people's carvings are very fine, mainly on boats or houses, hats, carts, boxes and various daily utensils, such as pots, boxes, bowls, spoons, baskets and other birch handicrafts. They are very beautiful by carving moire, flowers, birds and animals, fish and insects, mountains and rivers, trees and so on. Secondly, "Jida" is carved with various exquisite patterns, giving people a unified and harmonious aesthetic feeling.
[Note: ① Jida, Hezhe language, refers to short spear. 〕
Knife shell and fish cage.
The ancient traditional techniques of Qiang people, such as flower picking and embroidery, were popular as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Qiang women have been trained in flower picking and embroidery techniques since childhood, and often engage in technical operations such as spinning, hemp weaving, flower picking and embroidery after farm work. With their own wisdom, skillful skills and dexterous techniques, Qiang women freely use five-color silk thread and cotton thread to embroider colorful geometric patterns, lifelike flowers, animals and other patterns rich in Qiang characteristics.
The traditional embroidery skills of Qiang people include not only picking flowers, but also several kinds of stitches, such as accepting flowers, fiber flowers, chain buttons and hand embroidery. Pick flowers with cotton thread, the pattern is exquisite, simple and generous, very bright; Most of the colors of flower picking are black and white contrast colors, and a few are colored lines. The patterns of Nahua and Hua Xian are exquisite and beautiful, and some banded panchromatic lines are arranged in staggered stripes. Using that flower stitch, the contrast is bright and dazzling, just like a colorful rainbow. The chain link shows the Qiang people's vigorous, simple, rough and unrestrained artistic style.
The patterns of Qiang people's flower-picking embroidery skills are mostly taken from folk production and life practice. Flowers, grass, melons, fruits, lions, deer, fish, insects, birds, people, everything. The patterns and scenery embroidered by Qiang women are not only exquisite and beautiful, but also full of auspiciousness and longing for a happy life. The main traditional patterns, such as "flowers like brocade", "harmony between fish and water", "moths playing with flowers", "phoenix wearing peony", "melon seeds full of flowers" and "lion picture", are very attractive.
The dresses, belts, waists, shoes, women's headscarves, cuffs, skirts and even socks worn by the Qiang people all have beautiful embroidery patterns. They not only add color and luster to the fabric by picking flowers and embroidery; Moreover, dense hemp stitches are used in the easy-to-wear parts, which enhances the wear resistance and prolongs the service life of the fabric. Therefore, the Qiang people's flower-picking embroidery has both technical value and practical significance; It not only shows the Qiang people's skills of flower picking and embroidery, but also shows that it, as a part of Qiang culture, originates from life and is higher than life, enriching the artistic characteristics of life.
In addition, Qiang artisans use tripod made of copper and iron, as well as silver ornaments such as hairpins, earrings, bracelets, silver medals and rings; The inscriptions carved by stone dogs, stone pillars, gates and masons are also exquisite and beautiful. It shows the skillful craftsmen and superb skills of various Qiang people. It also shows the folk crafts of the Qiang people, reflects the diligence and wisdom of the Qiang people, and is constantly improving and improving with the social and economic development of the Qiang people.
Arts and crafts include embroidery, painting, dyeing and weaving, sculpture and silverware making. , and the production is fine. Sculpture, in particular, is of a high level, and all kinds of carved animals and plants can be seen on furniture, buildings and shrines. In addition, architecture and painting also have certain national characteristics.