At this time, grain transportation is only a temporary thing, and it does not exist as a long-term system.

Qin and Han dynasties

Since the Qin Dynasty unified China, in order to maintain the centralization, centralization and unification of bells and bells, the long-term unified grain transportation system began to sprout, and since then it has stepped onto the center of the national economic stage and played its special role. For example, during the Qin and Han dynasties, grain transportation was mainly used to transport military food during the campaign. After grain transportation, it is stored in Aocang for military use.

Three Kingdoms

During the Three Kingdoms period, the vassal conquest continued, and the unified national grain transportation system was basically destroyed. Every vassal developed a grain transportation system centered on his sphere of influence.

Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the grain transportation system of various separatist forces was mostly needed in wartime, and it was small in scale and temporary. However, at this time, there was a special management organization-Dudufu, and a regional water transport system was established. This laid the foundation for the development of water transport in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

The Grand Canal was dug in Sui Dynasty, which integrated the fragmented regional water transport system, really created an era of vigorous development of water transport, promoted local traffic and provided a foundation for economic development.

Song dynasty

In the Song Dynasty, due to the rapid development of economy, grain transportation became more and more developed, and strict grain transportation system and effective grain transportation facilities began to be formulated. For example, compiling an outline for ships is easy to manage; It is stipulated that "the river does not enter the branch, and the branch does not enter the river", similar to the current restrictions, is to improve the efficiency of grain transportation and reduce congestion; From the central government to the local government, management institutions are established in all aspects of grain transportation. For example, the well-known three divisions of water transportation (warehouse division, transshipment division and transportation division).

Yuanming

Mainly inherited the Song Dynasty, during which only minor repairs were made in the management system.

clean

When the Qinghe Waterway was implemented, the funds were tight and there were many disadvantages, and the people were miserable. Coupled with the natural changes of rivers, waterway transportation has been declining. A series of events related to grain transportation occurred in the late Qing Dynasty, which eventually led to the decline of grain transportation.

1842, at the end of the Opium War, the British army captured Zhenjiang at the intersection of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Yangtze River, blocked the grain transportation, made Daoguang make a quick peace, and signed the Sino-British treaty of nanking, which became the decisive battle of the whole war.

After 1853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom occupied the areas along the Yangtze River in Nanjing and Anhui for more than ten years, and the canal transportation was forced to be interrupted. The war is extremely fierce. During this period, major cities along the canal, including Yangzhou, Qingjiangpu, Linqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou, suffered heavy losses, and some of them were even completely burned.

1855 After the Yellow River was diverted, the Shandong section of the canal gradually silted up. Since then, grain transportation has mainly changed to sea transportation.

1872, China merchants group was established in Shanghai, and grain was officially transported by ship.

190 1, the canal transportation stopped.

1904, the governor of grain transportation was removed.

19 1 1 the entire line of jinpu railway was opened to traffic in. Since then, the status of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the cities along it has plummeted.