In 492 BC, the king of Persia sent envoys to Greece to ask for "water and soil", hoping to make them yield by coercion, but the Greeks threw the envoys into the well and told them to help themselves and enjoy "water and soil". The king of Persia was furious and dispatch troops went to war, but his first expeditionary force was caught in a storm at sea and was completely annihilated. Two years later, King Darius of Persia sent an expeditionary force to land in the marathon in northwest Athens. The Athenians fought almost alone because of the discord between the city-States, but their high morale phalanx still defeated the superior enemy. Long-distance runner Phipdyus flew back to Athens from the battlefield without washing his dust, and he broke down from overwork. This event is the source of contemporary marathon. The battle greatly improved the confidence of the Greeks. Ten years later, a powerful Persian army of about 500,000 men led by King Xue Xisi of Persia made a comeback by land. This time, the Greek States joined forces and fought side by side. In order to stop the Persians, the mixed forces under the command of King Leonidas of Sparta fought bloody battles in the hot spring pass, leaving a story of 300 Spartan strong men who failed to fulfill their mission and died with the pass. After the Persians broke the customs, they marched in, invaded and plundered Athens, but the Athenian navy defeated the Persian fleet in Salamis Bay near the city, which turned the tide and forced the Persian army to retreat. In 479 BC, 65,438+10,000 Greek allied forces fought bravely and won a decisive battle with 300,000 enemy troops in Asia Minor. At the same time, the Greek joint fleet also won the final victory of the naval battle. After the Persian army was expelled from Europe, the Greek city-states in Asia Minor were liberated and restored their freedom. In 449 BC, Persia agreed to conclude a peace treaty, and the Persian war officially ended. In this way, the Greeks defeated the largest empire in the world at that time. At that time, the same was true of the restless mentality of high spirits, heroism and ecstasy. And through this war, it also established the confrontation pattern that world civilization is divided into East and West.