There are many cultural relics and historic sites in the historical block of Zhijie, Cang Qiao, and many historical buildings are listed in different levels of cultural protection units or cultural protection points for protection. Now, some cultural relics and buildings in this area are as follows:
Name, year, address protection level
The national key cultural relics protection unit in Ming Dynasty Qianguan Lane Mahayana Lane 10 Qingteng Bookstore.
Baozhuqiao cultural relics protection unit at the northern end of Qiaojie Street, Satoru, Shaoxing City in Ming Dynasty
Yaojiataimen Longshan Back Street No.6 Republic of China Shaoxing Cultural Relics Protection Point
Cang Qiao Street 1 13 Fengjiataimen Shaoxing Cultural Relics Protection Site in the Republic of China.
Jingxiu 'an, No.0/70, Zhijie Street, Cang Qiao, Qing Dynasty, is a cultural relic protection site in Shaoxing.
Qing Dynasty Shaoxing Huoshenmiao Longshan Back Street Cultural Relics Protection Point
Zhangjiataimen Qianguan Lane Shaoxing Cultural Relics Protection Point in Qing Dynasty
Shaoxing cultural relics protection point in Guanxiang, front of Qiujiatai in Ming Dynasty
Huangyiqiao Shaoxing Cultural Relics Protection Site at the Intersection of Luxun West Road and Satoru Qiaojie in Southern Song Dynasty
It is not difficult to see from the above table that Taimen is actually an organizational form of residential buildings with regional characteristics in Cang Qiao Zhijie and Shaoxing. The so-called balcony door refers to an independent house with regular plane and courtyard combination, which is generally composed of patio, hall, side room, building, group land and so on. There are 43 platforms in Cang Qiao Zhijie area. For some platforms listed as municipal cultural protection, Shaoxing has been restored according to the original requirements to reproduce the historical and cultural heritage. In the field investigation, we selected Fengjiataimen, located at No.1 Zhijie 1 13, Cang Qiao as a typical case to investigate. Fengjiataimen was founded in 1927, and is now a cultural relic protection unit in Shaoxing. The platform door is a courtyard with two entrances and five bays, and there is a Shikumen along the street. The gate was covered with iron sheets and nailed with nails. From the first door to the inner courtyard, you have to go through the front hall, the middle hall and the instrument door. Stone benches are placed on both sides of the front hall. There are four second doors, two of which are equipped with bronze knockers, and the upper part of the sixth door is engraved with the words "Lu Yi". The side door is usually used by families, and the third instrument door is carved with bricks. There are five buildings facing the street for guests and five for owners. The left and right sides are connected by a wing. There are three low rooms in the backyard, with a flower pond in the middle and a well on each side. The whole yard can be regarded as the most typical platform door in the middle section of straight street in Cang Qiao.
We learned from the office of Shaoxing historical and cultural city that Fengjiataimen has been used for more than 70 years. With the increase of residents, the plane layout and plane function of the whole building have been damaged to varying degrees, and the doors, windows and details are incomplete. Fortunately, the whole wood structure is well preserved, which is the most critical point of the traditional wood structure in China. 200 1, Shaoxing city carried out protective repairs on the platform door. Among them, the principle of renovation is to retain the original architectural layout and original architectural style. On this basis, the roof is turned up as it is, the new tiles are made of old tiles as far as possible, the walls, floors and floors are renovated as they are, the doors, windows and details are repaired as they are, and all of them are made of old materials. The furnishings of the hall also restore the local traditions of Shaoxing as much as possible.
According to our field investigation of Fengjiatai Gate, the restoration of platform gate basically strictly follows the principle of "repairing the old as the old" in the maintenance of cultural relics. The whole platform gate courtyard has completely restored its old style, and all building components have used old materials as far as possible, and no modern hard materials have been found. The whole platform door can't even be seen to have been repaired, which truly reflects the authenticity of history.
During the Zhejiang Writers' Festival held in May 2005, writers from eight countries shuttled through Cang Qiao Street in Shaoxing and were constantly amazed by the ancient buildings and folk customs that can be seen everywhere. Terrace doors, eaves, ancient wells ... The daily life details of Zhijie residents are talked about by foreign writers. It is said that "Shaoxing, which flows in the long river of more than 2,500 years, is a museum without walls", so "The Hero of Cangqiao" should be a masterpiece in this museum. A few days ago, the reporter came to Cang Qiao Zhijie and had a face-to-face exchange with this masterpiece.
● On site
Original Shaoxing Old Street
It was a feeling of traveling through time and space-apricot wine flags floated in front of the door, awning boats crossed the river from time to time, and people shuttled on the stone road. Compared with the continuous flow of people in the adjacent Shaoxing City Square, Cang Qiao Zhijie always shows calmness and leisure.
Cang Qiao Zhijie is located in the center of Shaoxing, with a total length of1.5km. In an old house built along the river, there is a small estuary in each backyard, which is a typical pattern of "one river and five streets" in Shaoxing City. The street surface of Zhi Street is paved with bluestone slabs, and there are 43 platform doors, large and small, on the east and west sides. These buildings were basically built in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, and some of them were antique new buildings.
The protected straight streets in Cang Qiao are not glamorous or lively. Walking on the old street, I still see mottled old walls and platform doors. The old neighborhoods that speak Shaoxing dialect live a quiet life here. Shaoxing's characteristic "terrace gate" is similar to the "quadrangle" in the north, and several families often live together, such as "Chenjiataimen" and "Fengjiataimen".
In the afternoon, the reporter pushed open a mottled wooden door, and the breath of life came to me. This is a clean yard, the vines of loofah climb to the eaves, and pots of flowers and plants add vitality to the old house. Although it is dog days, it is cool in the balcony door. An aunt is sitting in the patio peeling edamame, and an uncle is sleeping soundly on the bamboo couch. Aunt let us into the house. The reporter found that, unlike the old ones outside, everything in the house was decorated like the people in the tall building. Aunt pointed to the bathroom with ceramic tiles and said that the sanitary facilities were unified during the protection of Zhijie in Cang Qiao. "In the past, we used toilets. At 6 o'clock every morning, we have to move the toilet to the door and wait for someone to clean it. Now every family uses the toilet, which is clean and convenient, and there are fewer flies and mosquitoes. " "Look, this old house is antique, and now life has become more convenient. Many foreign tourists can envy my family to take pictures! " Another old lady enjoying the cool in the patio saw the reporter break into the terrace without being disturbed at all, but her face was full of pride.
● Protection
Context cannot be cut at will.
A few years ago, the residents of Old Street were not as proud of living in Cang Qiao Zhijie as they are now. At that time, there were many dangerous buildings in the block, high population density and serious sewage discharge in inland rivers. Coupled with the disrepair of many old houses and the lack of sanitary facilities, some Cang Qiao people, especially the younger generation, can't wait to live in new buildings and live a new life as urbanites.
"Where is the charm of Shaoxing? It must be its water town characteristics and 2500 years of historical and cultural accumulation. When foreigners come to Shaoxing, the first thing they want to see is the blue bricks and tiles with small bridges and flowing water, because this is Shaoxing. Taimen is a symbol of Shaoxing people's life, and its existence allows Shaoxing people to continue their traditional customs and culture. Protecting Cang Qiao Zhijie means that we don't want Shaoxing's historical context to be cut off at will by present people. " Li Bo, director of Shaoxing historical and cultural city protection and management office, said.
200 1 Shaoxing Municipal Government initiated the protection project of Cang Qiao Zhijie historic block, which was jointly invested by the government, management departments and individuals.
Protection method 1: repair the old as before
The protection and renovation of Cang Qiao Zhijie always revolves around the "sixteen-character policy": key protection, reasonable preservation, partial renovation and general promotion.
At present, the straight street in Cang Qiao is mainly the traditional Shaoxing wooden lattice window, and the cement doors and windows rebuilt by residents without authorization have been replaced; The balcony by the river has been restored as an eaves. However, most of the restoration work is carried out under the "original flavor", repairing the old as the old, or even keeping the original appearance unchanged. "As long as it is a healthy wall, even if there is natural peeling, we will not care, because these will not affect the safety of the house." Li Bo said, "It can be said that Cang Qiao Zhijie is a veritable historical block."
Protection method 2: life extension
The protection of the historical block of Zhijie in Cang Qiao is not only reflected in "historical authenticity" and "style integrity", but more importantly, the continuation of traditional life.
Before the renovation began, the government had a good communication with the people of Zhijie, Cang Qiao. For the maintenance cost of the property right house, the government takes the lead and the property owner contributes 45%. Public facilities are all funded by the government. In the process of protection, the infrastructure of this century-old street has been fundamentally improved. Every household has added sanitary facilities and thrown away toilets used for generations; Power, telecommunications, cable TV, tap water and other pipelines are buried underground at one time; The sewage pipe network has also been reformed and incorporated into the urban sewage pipe network.
Ren Bohong, 77, told reporters that he has lived here since 1953. After the renovation project was completed, he and his wife moved back to Zhijie, Cang Qiao. According to the survey of Zhejiang University, 80% of the residents in Cang Qiao Zhijie expressed satisfaction with the protection project. After the protection and renovation project was completed, 858 households out of the original 1200 households moved back.
● Prospects
The old street welcomes guests from all over the world.
In the protection project, experts did not intend to transform Cang Qiao Zhijie into a commercial street, nor did they think that Cang Qiao Zhijie should become a tourist attraction like many ancient cities, but the original style of Cang Qiao Zhijie still attracted an endless stream of business tourism and gathered strong popularity.
Especially after winning the "Cultural Heritage Protection Award", Cang Qiao Zhijie has attracted more and more attention from the world. Experts from all walks of life believe that not only building a new building is development, but also construction is development. Protection is actually development and construction.
Nowadays, the protection project of historical blocks has been supported by the World Bank, and the media have poured in, and writers from all over the world have come to visit. The TV series "Solstice of Winter" and "Beautiful Lies" were filmed in the old street, and tourists from home and abroad also came here ... Wu Peng's boat, rickshaw, small bridges and flowing water, terraced fields in water villages and scenic spots open without tickets have certainly become a scene of old Shaoxing.
Although there are many cultural landscapes to visit in Shaoxing, more and more tourists choose to take a look and walk in Cang Qiao Zhijie, just to see the most primitive life of Shaoxing people.
Just like the rise of tourism, Cang Qiao's commerce and trade is also "inadvertently inserted into the willow.". . So far, there are more than 350 shops in the whole street. Since ancient times, Shaoxing people have a tradition of doing small business in their front yard, and now Zhijie's shops are naturally increasing. In this regard, Li Bo, director of the Shaoxing Historical and Cultural City Protection and Management Office, said: "For opening a store, except for buildings with stairs, buildings without stairs can be opened, but we do not advocate or encourage it."
● Sound
Everything is alive.
Xiao Jianli
National research center for historical and cultural cities
Xiao Jianli is an expert in the National Research Center for Famous Historical and Cultural Cities and a student of Ruan Yishan, a famous urban planning and design expert. Together with Professor Ruan Yishan, Xiao Jianli directly participated in the protection of Cang Qiaozhijie.
In her view, the protection idea of Cang Qiao Street in Shaoxing is very consistent with the European heritage protection method, that is, it pays attention to restoration and respects authenticity, rather than tearing down and rebuilding. This is one of the reasons why Cang Qiao won the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Protection Award in 2003.
For the protection of Zhijie in Cang Qiao, a very "humanized" method was adopted: on the eve of the protection and renovation work, the Shaoxing Municipal Government signed an agreement with local residents, and it was entirely up to the residents to decide whether to move back after the project was completed.
Zhong Xiangping
Hangzhou old house research expert
As an expert on the study of old houses, Zhong Xiangping is familiar with the protection of straight streets in Cang Qiao. He believes that in the past, in the protection of historical blocks, the original residents were generally vacated. Facts have proved that this method is not suitable, ignoring the old scenes of ordinary people's lives, and the old street has become a "dead street." But what we need is a living street, a living old street and living cultural relics. Cang Qiao Street in Shaoxing has achieved a balance in protection and utilization, which is perfect, not only continuing the context, but also maintaining its popularity.
Ren guiquan
Researcher, Shaoxing Local Records Office
Ren Guiquan, a researcher at Shaoxing Local Records Office who knows the history of Shaoxing like the back of his hand, told reporters that the history of Cang Qiao Zhijie can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. It is called "Cang Qiao" because it is next to Shaoxing official records, where there are warehouses and post offices.
Cang Qiao Zhijie won the "Cultural Heritage Protection Award". Ren Guiquan said: "Why should a historic city be protected is to continue its history and inherit its culture. History is the root and culture is the soul. To preserve roots and souls, people are indispensable. When people live there, there will be culture, a culture of eating, a culture of living, and a culture of enjoying the cool. The unique local folk culture will be displayed and everything will live with people. "
● Planning
Let the context continue in the whole province
Shaoxing Cang Qiao Zhijie is just a typical example of many historical and cultural cities (protected areas) in our province. The reporter learned from the Provincial Construction Department that at present, our province has five state-level historical and cultural cities in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Quhe and Linhai, two state-level historical and cultural towns in Xitang and Wuzhen, two state-level historical and cultural villages in Guo Dong and Yuyuan, two provincial-level historical and cultural cities in Jinhua and Huzhou, and 43 provincial-level historical and cultural protection zones in Yantan. Jiashan Xitang and Tongxiang Wuzhen are also included in the preparatory list for the application of world cultural heritage in Jiangnan ancient town.
The examination and approval of the third batch of provincial historical and cultural cities (protected areas) is also in progress. Since 200 1, the provincial finance has set up a special fund for the protection of historical and cultural cities in Zhejiang Province. Up to now, 60 special funds totaling 9 million yuan have been distributed to 37 provincial historical and cultural cities and protected areas.
Experts believe that the protection of historical and cultural blocks should pay attention to the integrity of style, the authenticity of history and the continuity of context. This is undoubtedly the same as Cang Qiao Zhijie's protection idea. Cultural protection experts do not advocate moving residents when protecting the block, because it will have no breath of life and will be alienated into artificial attractions.