All the territory of China fell into the hands of the Qing Dynasty. The anti-Qing dynasty has come to an end. One of Zheng Chenggong's assistants also sighed and set foot on the road of leaving home. In Lu Xun's "Mr Fujino", his later footprints are understated: "Secondly, I only remember Mito, which is the place where Mr. Zhu Shunshui, a adherent of the Ming Dynasty, died". In the text that this generation must learn in middle school, the vagrant named Zhu Shunshui is just an insignificant existence. However, Lu Xun, who downplayed him, and even the progressive young people who worshipped Japan and went to school in droves, few people thought that it was this Zhu Shunshui, which bloomed the ideology and culture in the late Ming Dynasty and became the forerunner of the rise of modern Japan. Zhu Shunshui was a thinker known as "Five Masters" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties-Mr. Zhu Zhiyu Shunshui.
One: Who is Zhu Zhiyu?
Zhu Zhiyu, born in Lushui Luyu in the 28th year of Wanli (1600), was born in an aristocratic family in Yuyao, Zhejiang. The Wanli period of Ming Dynasty was a free period in the ancient history of China. There are many famous people and many scum: some people are famous for their benevolence and righteousness, but they defected faster than turning over books after a disaster. Later, the money that defected to the enemy is a typical representative. There is another kind of people: the moral quality can be called a gentleman, but the level is not grounded, and they have done a lot of bad things with good intentions until the end of the Ming Dynasty. There are many such people in the famous Lindong Party. Zhu Zhiyu, on the other hand, belongs to the third category: he has both personality and grounding ability. According to Liang Qichao, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, there are only five such rare figures, namely "the five great thinkers in the late Ming Dynasty". Zhu Zhiyu is one of them.
Zhu Zhiyu's family is a famous family in Yuyao. Grandfather Zhu Kongmeng refused to be drafted by the imperial court many times, and father Zhu Zheng refused many times before he became governor of grain transportation. A creed passed down from generation to generation is that different ways do not seek common cause. The direct consequence of lofty is Zhu Zhiyu's difficult childhood: his father died young. The mother leads a poor life with three children. Zhu Zhiyu Jr. also took over early. Bring home the bacon at a young age. Not only farming, slaughtering and other farm work, but also Liancheng household servants have done it. I didn't fall behind in my studies. I taught myself while working. Academic progress is getting better and better.
When Zhu Zhiyu was twenty-five, his brother Zhu Qiming was admitted to Wu Jinshi. Not only is his family well-off, but under the care of his brother, Zhu Zhiyu has also gained new learning opportunities. He has successively worshipped three celebrities, Zhu, Zhang Kentang and Wu Zhongluan, as teachers. How powerful are these three people: Zhu, assistant minister of the official department during Chongzhen, and Zhang Kentang. During the Chongzhen period, the most powerful governor in Fujian was Wu Zhongluan. Although his official position is not high, his educational achievements are outstanding, and many celebrities in government and opposition are his students.
These three teachers taught Zhu Zhiyu not only traditional Confucian knowledge, but also a new discipline in the late Ming Dynasty: practical learning. Practical learning, which originated from "practical learning" in Song Dynasty, emphasizes practical application. Gao Gong and Zhang were outstanding politicians in Wanli period, and they were both faithful followers of practical learning. Just like the bitter boy in the martial arts novel "Talented Man and Beautiful Woman", he happened to meet the top experts in the Jianghu and was told the secret of peerless martial arts. Zhu Zhiyu's actual combat skills have also been successfully upgraded. Soon he became famous and became a famous genius.
The teacher who had the greatest influence on him was Wu Zhongluan. This man is versatile and teaches everything from finance and taxation to farming and chopping wood. Apart from these exclusive stunts, what he taught Zhu Zhiyu the most was his firm belief. Zhu Zhiyu's will is often tested. What he instilled in Zhu Zhiyu is a strong belief: unfilial is impossible, even if you have economic talents. It is this powerful belief that supports Zhu Zhiyu's life choice. Under the careful education of several famous teachers, Zhu Zhiyu's ability has advanced by leaps and bounds. According to the words of Su Song at that time, it was "all-rounder". What really witnessed Zhu Zhiyu's strength in this period was his sharp judgment: the imperial court extended an olive branch and invited him to be an official in the DPRK. But Zhu Zhiyu's answer was cold-don't go.
Because he had already seen through the hard-working Emperor Chongzhen. According to what he told his wife, when I come out to be an official, my career will certainly flourish, and then I will make suggestions on national affairs. The emperor won't listen to him. If it is light, he will criticize me in case of disaster and push me up. Compared with the experiences of many famous ministers in the late Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhiyu's prediction is really accurate. Zhu Zhiyu, who understood all this, refused the invitation of the imperial court 16 times from the Chongzhen period, while seeing through the scenery of Daming and enjoying the flowing water leisurely.
Compared with the poverty of his ancestors, Zhu Zhiyu, who has practical learning skills, takes care of his leisurely life vividly: besides farming and chopping wood, he also goes out to give lectures. I often do some business and make a lot of money with my brain. I have made many friends from Jiangnan to Japan and Vietnam. Small life is very nourishing.
However, Zhu Zhiyu, who lived a rich life, finally angered the Ming Dynasty: after the establishment of the Hong Guang regime in Nanming, Ma Shiying, the powerful minister, also warmly invited him, but Zhu Zhiyu still coldly refused. Unexpectedly, he angered the narrow-minded Ma Shiying and planned to arrest him on charges of Luo Zhi. But Zhu Zhiyu's connections are too familiar, and he is more cunning. He got the news early and immediately wiped his feet and hid in Zhoushan Islands. At first, he thought it was just a temporary shelter. But never imagined that he had just run less than a month before the Qing army went south in a big way, and the Hong Guang regime in Nanming quickly perished. Zhu Yousong, Emperor of Hong Guang in the Southern Ming Dynasty, was captured. He tried to punish Ma Shiying, the powerful minister of Zhu Zhiyu, and led troops to fight guerrilla warfare in Taihu Lake basin. He was finally captured and sacrificed heroically. Zhu Zhiyu's hometown also fell into the hands of the Qing army, and only Zhoushan Islands, with its geographical advantages, were temporarily unaffected by the war. That once warm home can never go back.
Two: stand up and go to the national disaster together.
When Zhu Zhiyu struggled to return home, Nan Ming also reached the threshold of life and death. On Zhoushan Archipelago, a large number of defeated soldiers and officials assembled, and Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, arrived soon to be appointed as the "supervisor of the country", which is another fortress of Nanming against Qing Dynasty. Zhu Zhiyu, who has just arrived in Zhoushan, is doing business in Zhoushan and asking about the wind outside. With the establishment of King Lu's regime, Zhu Zhiyu, who had been toiling for a long time, suddenly made an unexpected decision: to devote himself to the fight against the Qing Dynasty and save the country.
One of the reasons why he made this choice was that three teachers, Zhang Kentang, Wu Zhongluan and Zhu, all devoted themselves to King Lu. But the more important reason is that this once carefree genius has been buried in his heart by boiling blood. In the face of national disaster, I finally woke up. Zhu Zhiyu, whose blood is boiling, has since officially become the counselor of Nanming. While fighting hard, he refused Nan Ming's official position: as a common people, he gave up his comfortable life and was willing to go through hardships to resist the Qing Dynasty and regain his sight.
The most important thing he did was to raise money for the Lu regime. He not only donated all the family property he had saved for many years, but also braved the wind and waves to raise money overseas. Since then, Zhu Zhiyu has embarked on a difficult road and traveled to and from the ocean many times, from South Korea and Japan to Southeast Asia. During the period, he also served as the special envoy of King Lu to contact the anti-Qing forces in various places. Life for more than ten years is basically turbulent at sea. During this period, my life was in danger several times. Once I met a warship of the Qing army halfway, and a bunch of people were captured. Qing soldiers put steel knives around their necks, forcing Zhu Zhiyu to surrender. As a result, Zhu Zhiyu didn't change his face. Instead, he talked and laughed, and even told the Qing soldiers about loyalty and filial piety. Even the enemy was impressed by this style. Liu, commander-in-chief of the Qing army, admired him and released Zhu Zhiyu on the spot.
Compared with these calm performances, it is Zhu Zhiyu's outstanding work achievement: he united many scattered anti-Qing forces under the Nanming regime, raised funds overseas, and found an important foothold: Annan will be safe. Hoi An, today's Hoi An city in Vietnam, was a place where Chinese businessmen gathered in the late Ming Dynasty. Through hard work, Zhu Zhiyu successfully raised reimbursement for many times and sent it back to China continuously. At the same time, it also developed anti-Qing forces based on Hoi An. This small port once became the base camp of overseas Ming Dynasty adherents. Zhu Zhiyu's twelve years here have been very successful.
But the heavy blow, it is followed. First of all, in Li Yong for five years, the Qing army launched a large-scale attack on Zhoushan Islands. Zhu Zhiyu's three teachers, Zhang Kentang, Wu Zhongluan and Zhu Jun, were martyred. Zhu Zhiyu was very angry when he heard the bad news. In memory of his old friend, he never celebrated the Mid-Autumn Festival again. After five years of almost desperate waiting, Zhu Zhiyu finally arrived with a letter three years late: this is a letter from King Lu after the fall of Zhoushan Islands. The letter told him that Lu had been sent to see the general. Reading about Zhu Zhiyu here, he seems to see a bright future. In the words of his own anthology, he wept with joy.
But if we continue reading, our hearts will be filled with great grievances: King Lu swore at Zhu Zhiyu who was alone overseas, saying that Zhu Zhiyu only cared about his own life. This unreasonable accusation made this loyal minister who had suffered a lot unbearable. He splashed ink on the spot and wrote a brave reply for the king of Lu-Xie Enshu, the king of Lu, in charge of the country. In this letter, Zhu Zhiyu described his 12-year overseas life, and even wrote down his heart. To this end, I broke the rule that I always adhered to: I accepted the official position of Li Yong Dynasty and officially became an official of Ming Dynasty. Not for wealth, but to prove to everyone: from then on, my fate has been closely tied to Daming. Zhu Zhiyu, who got the news, is ready to leave for home. Unexpectedly, the accident happened again: nguy?n·t?n, king of Annan, was clever and wanted to keep Zhu Zhiyu for himself.
As soon as he was clever, disaster befell Zhu Zhiyu: first, he forcibly brought Zhu Zhiyu into the Annan government and killed Zhu Zhiyu's neighbors every day. Who knows Zhu Zhiyu refused to submit. Nguy?n·t?n is soft again, saying that as long as you are an official, I will build you a luxurious mansion and take away all your wives and concubines. Zhu Zhiyu smiled in a clear voice: I have been away from my hometown for thirteen years and have no concubines. Finally, Nguyn Phú c did another experiment: he sent a minister to write the word "truth", which made Zhu Zhiyu more passionate. He wrote a picture of "The Ode to Firm Truth", expressing his belief of abandoning wealth. Nguy?n·t?n finally gave in: you are really excellent. Let's leave now.
The experience of prisoners for more than 50 days is historically called "the difficulty of serving a sentence." Zhu Zhiyu persuaded the ferocious enemy with his noble qualities. Zhu Zhiyu keeps a diary every day. It was named Annan's service notes. Liang Qichao said: This is like a sudden hurricane, but it embodies Zhu Zhiyu's noble personality of sincerity and patriotism. In the autumn of the twelfth year of Li Yong, Zhu Zhiyu went through many hardships and became a scribe in Zheng Chenggong's army. He ran for more than ten years to resist the Qing Dynasty, but at this time, the brightest dawn was revealed: Zheng Chenggong led hundreds of thousands of troops to launch a large-scale crusade against the southeast of the Qing Dynasty. The goal is to conquer Nanjing and recover the southeast half of Daming.
When the battle plan was launched, Zhu Zhiyu was enthusiastic and went to Japan again to seek the support of the Japanese shogunate. Although it was categorically rejected, there was an episode: Japanese scholar Anton kept his promise and took the initiative to write to Zhu Zhiyu, respectfully asking for all kinds of knowledge. Zhu Zhiyu was overjoyed when he read the letter. He immediately wrote back and accepted the Japanese student. Perhaps even he didn't expect that this trivial matter had a far-reaching impact on the rest of his life.
However, the old firm anti-Qing cause quickly took a sharp turn: Zhu Zhiyu, who has always been accurate, once again found Zheng Chenggong unreliable: according to Zhu Zhiyu's evaluation, although he was brave, he had two major shortcomings, one was headstrong, and the other was indecisive. So the situation deteriorated rapidly. In July, the Qing army counterattacked and Zheng Chenggong was defeated. After heavy losses, he retreated to Xiamen, and then the Li Yong regime fell. Zheng Chenggong was trapped in Xiamen, and the great cause of anti-Qing dynasty was finally put out mercilessly after crossing the most brilliant glory. Seeing through Zhu Zhiyu, I was finally disheartened. Li Yong/kloc-in the spring of 0/4, Zhu Zhiyu made a new choice in life at the age of 6/kloc-0: sailing was his ambition. Wandering overseas again, not in the Qing Dynasty. The destination of drifting is Japan, which he has been to six times before.
Due to his many visits to Japan, Zhu Zhiyu's name has been circulating in Japan for a long time. After this trip to Japan, I was not only warmly received, but also broke the old Japanese rule: the Tokugawa shogunate banned foreigners from settling in Japan. However, Anton, who once worshipped Zhu Zhiyu as his teacher, kept his promise and became Liu Chuanfan's near servant. Under his running, he finally created a miracle: Zhu Zhiyu was allowed to rent a house in Nagasaki. He is the only foreigner who has made an exception since Japan issued a blockade order.
Three: spread eastward.
Zhu Zhiyu, who has just arrived in Japan, has received a lot of attention. Freshman Anton, in particular, kept his promise and generously donated half his salary in addition to asking for advice frequently. With these help, Zhu Zhiyu's life finally settled down. But in Zhu Zhiyu's heart, it was extremely painful: Emperor Zhu Youlang died in Kunming. Although Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan Province, he rebuilt the anti-Japanese base area. But he also died young soon. It is even more impossible to counter the overall situation. Bad news came one after another, and Zhu Zhiyu was also sad one after another. After living in Japan, whenever he thinks of the decline of his motherland, he often gnashes his teeth in the dead of night. His son wrote to him to tell him that life was hard, and he wrote back to inculcate that even if he could not do anything, he could not be an official in the Qing Dynasty if he starved to death.
He is going to do it himself. After living in Japan for several years, I basically lived in seclusion. In the 19th year of Li Yong, he had some savings on hand, and planned to buy several acres of land, and then worked hard by himself before he died. But at this time, Japan happened to be a period of great evolution: the mainstream Buddhist thought in Japan was gradually declining. Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty was widely circulated and there were many schools. Anton, who settled in Zhu Zhiyu before and kept his promise, is one of the outstanding figures.
But at this time, Japanese Confucianism also has a big problem: there are many schools with mixed ideas. There are official Zhuzi studies and ancient schools that followed Confucius and Mencius' thoughts during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. There is also a quietly rising Yangming school, which flaunts itself as orthodox and fights with each other endlessly. Moreover, the level of these people is limited, and I look forward to authentic experts to solve the problem. Looking forward to the stars, the moon and Zhu Zhiyu. The Japanese shogunate group also has its own abacus: although Confucianism is good, it has no mainstream thought, which is definitely not conducive to rule, and it needs a recognized master to take charge of the overall situation. Zhu Zhiyu is the best candidate. So Zhu Zhiyu was able to make an exception and settle down, and Anton kept his promise to entertain and run with others. The above situation is the root cause. It is against this background that Zhu Zhiyu's old age will never be peaceful. He will be involved in the torrent of Japanese cultural change and become a master among them. It even determines the historical direction of Japan.
So, in this year, when Zhu Zhiyu was absorbed in buying land, the invitation of a heavyweight changed his decision to live in seclusion: Tokugawa Mitsukoshi. He is the uncle of Japanese ruler Kazuo Tokugawa and the Lord of Mito. This man also had a great pursuit at that time: carrying forward Confucianism. His own website, Mito, is more Confucian. However, Yi Jian, a school teacher, is hard to find, and Zhu Zhiyu, a baby, is naturally spared. He was not only warmly invited, but also gained a resounding reputation as a Buddhist teacher. Zhu Zhiyu was not interested in this grand invitation at first, but Tokugawa was very sincere and sent people to invite him respectfully for many times. In particular, the messenger Gong Jie, also a famous Japanese Confucian, chatted with Zhu Zhiyu, which finally aroused Zhu Zhiyu's interest: Let's have a look?
Zhu Zhiyu's expression created a classic scene in Japanese cultural history: Gwangju in Tokugawa respectfully served Zhu Zhiyu as a disciple to give lectures. Even to show respect, I suggested that Zhu Zhiyu could take another name. This suggestion aroused Zhu Zhiyu's homesickness. With a sigh, he called himself Mr. Shunshui, who beautified Japanese history.
Shun Shui, the name of the river in Zhu Zhiyu's hometown, and the sound of shun Shui, are the overseas adherents behind him, who have the hardships of returning home with clothes on. The story spread and the whole of Japan was boiling. Celebrities from all walks of life flocked to see the style of famous teachers. In the following years, Zhu Zhiyu wandered between Edo and Mito, giving lectures and preaching. Later, even governors and politicians from all walks of life came to visit us one after another. Especially in the Mito area, there are even white-haired old people among the students attending the lecture. The scene was extremely warm.
And Zhu Zhiyu also used his own performance to prove that his name as a master really deserved its reputation. Work attitude is extremely serious. Although the qualification level of Japanese students is far less than that of Ming students, he does not discriminate, and every link of teaching is strictly supervised.
What impressed Japanese students most was Zhu Zhiyu's teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. For example, if a student's fidgeting patience is poor, Zhu Zhiyu will suit the remedy to the case, and give him an exercise book specially, so that he can write down his daily study after learning. Hattori, a student, is always smart and often plays truant because of illness, but Zhu Zhiyu always persuades and persuades them all night. This stubborn student's attitude has changed greatly since then, and he has been studying hard all his life. As mentioned above, it has been talked about in various historical materials in Japan.
Moreover, Zhu Zhiyu, who teaches, really treats his students as relatives, and he generously helps anyone who has an accident at home and is in financial difficulties. He is also good at psychological counseling. The so-called "caress is like a loving mother, and supervision is like strict father." Has always been his glorious image. Zhu Zhiyu, who worked hard, put the most brilliant knowledge in his life: practical learning. Teach it without reservation. At this time, his own knowledge is mature, more bold and innovative, and he is a family. The unique ideological system he created even surpassed his time. Zhu Zhiyu's practical thought can be summarized into five aspects. The most direct influence on Japan at that time was its representative philosophy: practice.
Practicalism is to emphasize practice. Explain in detail: First, I think the Confucian "Tao" exists in real life. Seeking Tao depends on learning and understanding in practice. And any kind of "Tao" is more practical. Second, the formation of a person's character also comes from the actions of real life, and it takes people's acquired efforts to obtain lofty morality.
For Japan at that time, one of the great functions of this thought was inclusiveness.
Several universities in Japan, with their own opinions, have been arguing for years and are in chaos. As soon as Zhu Zhiyu gave a lecture, the chaos was completely opened: Zhu Zhiyu not only objectively acknowledged the achievements of several Confucian schools, but also pointed out the shortcomings one by one and put forward new opinions. Since then, several universities have sought common ground while reserving differences, communicated with each other and become very United. Compared with thoughts, Zhu Zhiyu's political views have a far-reaching influence on Japanese political evolution: the theory of innovation. Zhu Zhiyu not only advocated benevolent government, but also defined its content boldly: he not only required the emperor to be diligent and love the people, but also paid attention to "benefiting the people", that is, to develop the national economy, so as to enrich the country and strengthen the people. It also puts the commodity economy in a very high position. Even compared with the contemporary western mercantilism, Zhu Zhiyu's thought is not inferior.
What is particularly progressive is that Zhu Zhiyu is more creative in realizing "benefiting the people" and puts forward that "ethics" and "rule of law" should be paid equal attention: in a mature country, moral education and legal restraint are two legs, and the progress and implementation of laws should take moral protection as the fundamental goal. This idea, even in modern society, is inspiring. It is also the spread of this innovative idea that in the next 200 years, like a turbulent undercurrent, quietly promoted the evolution of Japanese society, and even had a far-reaching impact on the Meiji Restoration in Japan in the19th century.
Complementing the "innovation theory" is Zhu Zhiyu's unique economic thought: pragmatism.
The most important thing about this theory is the painful reflection on the demise of the Ming Dynasty: this is economic bankruptcy. In the hot water, all they know is to increase taxes and salaries. Many officials talk about morality, but they don't actually benefit the people. In the end, the dynasty was completely defeated. After reflection, Zhu Zhiyu summed up three ways to prosper the economy: first, the rulers should understand the economy, and second, they should encourage the private economy. The third is technological innovation. The technological progress of agriculture and handicrafts is the source of economic development. The direct influence of this article on Japan is that Zhu Zhiyu not only teaches, but also teaches production in Japan.
Produced by Zhu Zhiyu, it is very famous in Japan. He often takes students as interns. He either goes to the countryside to teach farming or goes to the shops in the city to teach handicrafts. Once he demonstrated painting in a paint shop, which impressed the onlookers deeply. Including breeding, brewing and slaughtering, as long as he knows, all of them are enthusiastically taught. With deep memory of Tokugawa Gwangju, Mr. Wang is an economist. If there is no no man's land in the wilderness today, Mr. Wang Can has both.
This incident had a far-reaching impact on Japan, and the advanced production technology of the Ming Dynasty was widely spread. There is also the subversion of ideas: Japanese traditional Confucianism despises production, but Zhu Zhiyu has raised the status of production to a very high level. So that many Confucian scholars in Japan later had many doers. /kloc-many elites in Japan's reform era in the 0/9th century were born in this soil.
And Zhu Zhiyu also knows that the most direct way to promote production and spread practical learning is to run education. In this matter, he also has a unique creation: social theory. Like the "pragmatism" of economic thought, the "social theory" of Zhu Zhiyu's educational thought also comes from the heavy memory of the demise of the Ming Dynasty. In Zhu Zhiyu's eyes, the demise of the Ming Dynasty was first an economic issue, and then an education issue. In his own words, the Ming Dynasty always attached importance to education, and in the end it was either a hypocrite or a bookworm. Why are there so many such people in the late Ming Dynasty? In the final analysis, it is still a question of education.
How to solve this problem? This is Zhu Zhiyu's Theory of Society. The purpose of learning should be changed, and learning should be for the benefit of society. To change the learning content, we should not only learn morality, but also learn the knowledge of human wisdom and production. Once we learn it, we should use it. The way of learning should be changed, and students should be fully grounded. Teaching methods should also be changed, and even complex knowledge should be popularized in an easy-to-understand way. The knowledge of the Four Books and Five Classics has even been translated into catchy Japanese nursery rhymes by Zhu Zhiyu, which can be sung by three-year-old children.
What has the greatest influence on Japanese education and even contemporary education is a special article in Zhu Zhiyu's Theory of Society: Popularization of Education. In the 24th year of Li Yong, Tokugawa Guangguo established Gong Xue in Mito, and Zhu Zhiyu personally designed the style of Gong Xue. After the completion of Gong Xue, he also formulated a set of etiquette according to the Confucian tradition in China. From beginning to end, he was the creator of this great event. Zhu Zhiyu's historical thought, respecting history, has a great influence on Tokugawa shogunate culture. As early as a student, Zhu Zhiyu was good at history. After living in Japan, he also brought his excellent historical thoughts to the Japanese.
Zhu Zhiyu's theory of "respecting history" has two core points. One is to respect historical facts, which also solves a headache for Japanese historiography: Japan has been at war all the year round and its historical materials are complicated. During the Tokugawa era, I tried to compile a Japanese history, but I couldn't do it all the year round. Zhu Zhiyu's theory of "respecting history" came out, and the problem was solved: Zhu Zhiyu believed that the revision of history should first have a clear view of history, that is, emphasizing national unity and respecting the truth. From the purpose, the goal of "respecting history" is more realistic: practical. That is, he always said "Shi Jing Left". Several Japanese disciples in Zhu Zhiyu launched a famous historical revision movement, and the revision of The History of Great Japan edited by Zhu Zhiyu disciple An Jijue was completed. The five concepts advocated in this history book are: respecting the king, restraining the princes, being loyal to the monarch, patriotism and unity. It became the ideological source of the later ending movement and Meiji Restoration.
In particular, the Japanese also selectively inherited Zhu Zhiyu's historical thought. On the contrary, another thought of Zhu Zhiyu's "respect for history" is not taken seriously in Japan. But even today, this idea is still of great significance: those who listen separately are stupid, and those who listen together are God. Since his heart has changed, Sichuan is bound to collapse. In the vernacular, this is the people and this is the driving force of historical progress. In this way, the last 20 years of Zhu Zhiyu's life, like a thick sunset glow, flaunted a touching brilliance in Japanese land. His disciples are all over the world, and the five closest disciples are Anjijijue, Imai Hiroji, Takekawa Duangombo, Hattori Zhongyi and Xia Chuan provinces. They became the most influential elites in Japanese history. In particular, An Jijue initiated a major school of modern Japanese Confucianism: the Mito School.
In April of the thirty-seventh year of Li Yong, 83-year-old Zhu Zhiyu died suddenly in Osaka. Requirements for leaving a will: On your tombstone, you must write "Tomb of Zhu Zhiyu, a man in the late Ming Dynasty". In Zhu Zhiyu, which enjoys a high reputation in Japan, life is very poor. But at the end of his life, his family fortune accumulated more than 3 thousand gold.
This is the money he has saved for 20 years to clean up the mess and restore his eyesight. He has been obsessed with the decline of his country all his life. His death has become a national pain in Japan. On the day of the funeral, many disciples burst into tears on the spot. Anton, the earliest student, kept his promise and was still in tears when he paid homage to the anniversary of Zhu Zhiyu: Teacher, if you leave like this, who can I ask for advice when my knowledge is in doubt?
After Zhu Zhiyu's death, the most important thing the disciples did was to sort out Zhu Zhiyu's collected works. Among them, the most famous is the 28-volume masterpiece "Collected Works of Mr. Shunshui". Until modern Japan, many Japanese elites in the era of rebellion and reform still admired it, just like Anton's feeling of keeping his promise: the Japanese have been asking for advice about Zhu Zhiyu, an outstanding philosopher, for hundreds of years. Eight months after Zhu Zhiyu's death, the Qing Dynasty launched the Taiwan Province War, and the last regime in Nanming-Zhengming regime in Taiwan Province Province finally lowered its flag and surrendered. Zhu Zhiyu's great cause of rejuvenating the country, which he never forgot, was like a dream. The heavy aftermath of the thirty-nine years of the Ming Dynasty: the complete end of the Nanming era.