Farming is an activity in which human beings directly use land to obtain various crop products. Since human beings began to realize that the needed substances can directly use the characteristics of living things to provide rich substances, human beings have been studying how to skillfully combine land and plants and strive to maximize products. This struggle process completely reflects various agricultural cultural phenomena of human beings. According to people's production motives, farming culture can be divided into two categories: food crop production culture and cash crop production culture. According to farming methods, it can be divided into dry farming culture and rice farming culture. It can also be classified according to other needs. Different farming methods fully reflect the strong regional and climatic characteristics. Therefore, there are great differences in the origin and historical evolution of human cultivation around the world, leading to the formation of different types of crops and scales. And some, just formed a rich and colorful farming culture. The history of crop cultivation is different. The Near East and Europe began in 6500-3500 BC. Southeast Asia, starting from 6800-4000 BC; In Central America and Peru, it began around 2500 BC. Most of the areas where crops were originally planted were river basins with semi-arid climate. In Eurasia, the method of planting crops is to rake the ground first, then plow and sow; In Central America, because there are no cows and horses, their main crop-corn-is to poke a small hole in the ground with a wooden stick and then point the seeds.
Eurasia
In ancient times, people first hunted and collected fruits everywhere, and later developed to grow plants. With a reliable food supply, people have established villages and towns, and more people can develop new technologies and provide services, which further promotes this change. Finally, agricultural civilization was formed. In ancient China, people in various river basins planted soybeans, oranges, peaches, pears, hemp and tea trees, raised animals and were proficient in gardening, especially flowers. Nowadays, crops have been planted in the surrounding areas of Iraq for a long time. They invented the wheel and used it to pump water from the artificial canal. They also built quite complicated irrigation systems and domesticated animals such as camels, monkeys and horses. In ancient Egypt, people used the water of the Nile and fertile soil to grow wheat, barley and castor. Egyptians also grow palm trees. Besides cattle and horses, they also keep poultry, sheep, goats and pigs. During the Indian civilization in northern India (2300 BC-0/750 BC), they planted wheat, barley and rice, as well as cotton, sesame, tea trees and sugar cane. Also domesticate chickens, buffaloes, etc. Used in farmland. Farmers use plows to build good irrigation systems and big barns.
Ancient America
In ancient Central America-now Mexico and other places, before corn was domesticated around 2500 BC, people in Central America still hunted everywhere, and farming was just casual. From 250 to 1600, Maya-Tortek-Aztec civilization was born in Mexico and Central America. People use corn as a hybrid variety to increase production, and also plant beans, pumpkins, peppers, avocados, tobacco and cotton. They built canals and water gardens. It also developed arid agriculture and invented farming techniques to keep water.
Around 1200, the Incas established a country in the harsh environment of the Andes. They used stone tools to build terraces, irrigation and drainage systems. The land was fertilized and a stone barn was built to store grain. The Incas planted corn, sweet potatoes and pumpkins, and also domesticated alpacas, who took wool.
Ancient Greece and Rome
Since 2000 BC, the Greeks began to grow food crops, mainly barley, olive trees, figs and grapes, and raised livestock. The Greeks invented the waterwheel to lift water from a low place to a high place.
The ancient Romans invented some iron tools, such as plows, sickles and hoes, which improved the agricultural technology level in the Mediterranean region. They grow wheat, barley, millet and grapes and raise animals. Before 200 BC, every Roman farmer owned 1.8-6. 1 hectare. In the next 200 years, the rich got more land from the country, so they made slaves work.
Medieval Europe
Farmers who own land divide their land among their sons. In this way, farmers with less land will be poor. Especially after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, small farmers had to dedicate their land to nobles for protection. From 1000 to 1300, Europe's entry into manor age became very common, especially in Britain, France and Germany.
In manor age, serfs lived in the village near the landlord's manor and worked for the landlord. Each serf cultivated 5- 12 hectares of land, mainly planting wheat, barley, beans, oats and rye, and arranged leisure land. This system also exists in China, Japanese and Indian countries. For different purposes, the license can classify farming culture in detail and comprehensively understand farming culture from all aspects:
According to the output value, it can be divided into grain crop cultivation culture and cash crop cultivation culture.
Grain crop cultivation culture
"People eat for the sky." The food problem is a major issue related to food and clothing. In agricultural farming areas, people attach great importance to seed selection and land treatment technology.
Grain crops refer to cereal crops (including rice, wheat, barley, oats, corn, millet, sorghum, etc. ), potato crops (including sweet potato, potato, cassava, etc. ) and legume crops (including soybeans, broad beans, peas, mung beans, adzuki beans, etc. ). Also known as food crops. Its products contain starch, protein, fat and vitamins. Planting grain crops not only provides food and some non-staple foods to meet human needs, but also provides raw materials for food industry and concentrated feed and most roughage for animal husbandry, so grain production is the foundation of agriculture in most countries. Generally speaking, food crops are also dominant crops. The planting area of grain crops in the world accounts for about 85% of the total sown area of crops, of which wheat, rice and corn account for about 80% of the total grain output in the world. China is the largest grain producer in the world, with grain crops accounting for 76.8% of the total sown area (1987), and the total grain output and the output of rice, wheat, millet and sweet potato are among the highest in the world.
wheat
Wheat is the most important food crop in the world. The main producers are China, the Russian Federation and the United States. At present, its status is second only to that of rice, which can be divided into winter wheat (autumn sowing) and spring wheat (spring sowing). China's winter wheat area accounts for about 84% of the total wheat area, mainly distributed in the south of the Great Wall; Spring wheat accounts for about 16%, mainly distributed in the north of the Great Wall. The largest planting areas are in Henan and Shandong provinces. Wheat seeds are rich in starch, more than 20% protein, a small amount of fat, various mineral elements and vitamin B.
paddy field
Cultivated rice evolved from wild rice. In China, there are three kinds of wild rice: common wild rice, medicinal wild rice and warty wild rice. Now scientists still use wild rice to cultivate new varieties. China is the birthplace of rice cultivation, which began more than 7,000 years ago. At the same time, China is also the largest rice producer in the world.
Rice is the main food of Asians, and its eating method varies according to regional habits and seasons, including porridge and rice.
corn
Corn is also called corn, bonzi, Hosta, corn and so on. It is the largest plant in food crops, with a plant height of 4.5 meters.
Corn is native to Mexico and other Central American countries, and it has only been introduced to China for more than 400 years. In the world, the planting area of corn is second only to wheat and rice, ranking third among cultivated crops; The total grain output is second only to wheat. The output per unit area ranks first among cereal crops. The largest producers are the United States, China and Brazil. The United States alone produces 40% of the world's corn.
Economic crop cultivation
Cash crops are also called technical crops and industrial raw materials crops. Refers to crops with specific economic uses. Cash crops in a broad sense also include horticultural crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers. Cash crops usually have the characteristics of strong regionality, high economic value, high technical requirements and high commodity rate, and are strict with natural conditions and suitable for centralized and specialized production.
soybean
Soybeans are also called soybeans. Variety types can be divided into soybean, kidney bean and mung bean according to the color of seed coat; According to planting methods, it can be divided into spring soybean, summer soybean, autumn soybean, winter soybean, root soybean and ridge soybean.
Soybean originated in China. It has been cultivated in China for at least 3000 years. The main soybean producers are the United States, Brazil, China and Argentina. There are soybeans in all provinces of China, mainly concentrated in spring soybean producing areas in Songliao Plain in Northeast China and summer soybean producing areas in Huanghuai Plain.
peanut
Also called groundnut, it is native to South America. Mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and America.
India's arable land accounts for about one-third of the world's arable land. China ranks second, accounting for about 15% of the world's arable land. The main producing areas are Shandong, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Guangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Anhui and Jiangsu. Peanut has wide adaptability to soil, and is acid-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant. It is a pioneer crop in developing red loam soil, and its suitable pH value is 5.5-7.5.
tomato
Also known as tomato and persimmon, it is one of the most widely planted fruits and vegetables in the world. The United States, Russian, Italian and China are the main producers.
The origin of tomatoes is the Andes in South America. It was introduced to the Philippines in the17th century, and then spread to other Asian countries. Tomatoes cultivated in China were introduced from Europe or Southeast Asia. Because tomato fruit has a special taste, it is only planted as an ornamental plant. At the beginning of the 20th century, cultivated food began to appear in the suburbs of cities.
At present, the cultivated tomatoes are common tomatoes, including cultivated tomatoes, cherry tomatoes, big leaf tomatoes, pear-shaped tomatoes and upright tomatoes.
According to farming methods, it can be divided into dry farming culture and rice farming culture.
Dry farming agricultural culture
The most typical is the wheat planting culture. For example, the farming areas in northern China, which are dominated by dry fields, have formed a typical dry farming culture. In other parts of the world, there are also typical planting types.
Wheat production is mainly distributed in temperate zones, especially in the United States, Canada, China, western and eastern European countries in the northern hemisphere, and the Argentine and Australian plains in the southern hemisphere. Wheat planting is related to climate, topography and soil conditions, that is, mild climate, flat terrain and fertile soil are conducive to wheat production. On the contrary, if the climate is too dry or too wet, the terrain is rugged and the soil is barren, it is not conducive to wheat planting. The distribution area of wheat is obviously related to the mild climate, flat terrain and fertile grassland soil in the mid-latitude area. The climate, topography and soil conditions in some places are not conducive to wheat planting, but through scientific and technological activities, the natural conditions have been improved and the wheat has achieved a higher yield.
In areas with dry climate and water shortage, by using surface water and groundwater, we can make up for the lack of rainfall by irrigation, or cultivate drought-tolerant wheat varieties to adapt to the drier climate. In steep terrain, terraces can be used to preserve water and fertilizer, which is convenient for machine tillage to overcome steep slope obstacles. If the soil is barren, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can be applied to meet the requirements of wheat growth and development, so as to obtain higher yield.
The mountainous areas in Greece are not conducive to wheat production, but farmers have turned sloping fields into terraces by building stone dams to prevent soil erosion and achieve high wheat yield. In the United States, according to climatic conditions, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, south of the Great Lakes, are more suitable for wheat cultivation. But at present, the main wheat producing areas in the United States are far from the Great Lakes, but far from the west of the Great Lakes, starting from Montana and North Dakota in the north and northern Texas in the south, forming a north-south belt.
The distribution of wheat is not only related to the natural environment, but also related to the cultural environment. Residents in different areas often have their own preferences and taboos about food, and these cultural characteristics often have a great impact on the cultivation and distribution of food crops.
People in some countries in Eastern Europe often like to eat black bread made of rye, while American Indians prefer to eat food made of corn. In China, southerners generally like rice, while northerners generally like pasta. These traditional preferences for food will definitely affect the distribution of various food crops. Even in places where natural conditions are not suitable, people are still willing to pay a certain price to grow their favorite crops.
Economic benefit is also an important factor affecting crop distribution. The cost of wheat production in western European countries participating in the same market is higher than that in the United States, but with the support of tariff protection and export subsidies, it not only prevents the import of cheap wheat in the United States, but even competes for the market in international trade. As for the area south of the Great Lakes mentioned above, the production of livestock feed can provide milk and meat for the market, thus gaining more profits, thus pushing the wheat belt to the arid areas further west. The distribution of many geographical phenomena today reflects the comprehensive function of natural, economic and cultural factors.
Paddy farming culture
The typical crop is rice cultivation. Among the artifacts unearthed from Hemudu site 7000 years ago, there are a large number of deposits of rice, rice grains, rice roots and rice stalks. These rich remains prove that as early as 7000 years ago, the primitive residents in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China had completely mastered the cultivation technology of rice, and they took rice as their staple food. The earliest rice planting was limited to Hangzhou Bay and the coastal area of the Yangtze River Delta, and then it gradually spread to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jianghuai Plain, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River like waves, and finally formed today's rice distribution pattern. In a word, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its vicinity are the origin centers of cultivated rice in China and the world.
After rice was planted in China, it soon spread to neighboring countries in East Asia. About 3000 years ago, at the turn of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, rice spread from China to Korea, Japan and Vietnam. In the Han Dynasty, japonica rice from China was introduced to the Philippines. In the 5th century, rice spread to West Asia through Iran, and then to Europe through Africa. After the discovery of the New World, it spread from Africa to America and even the whole world.
According to the technical level
Can be divided into slash-and-burn culture and modern farming culture.
Slash-and-burn culture
Also known as primitive farming culture. It is a farming method with low productivity and low technical content.
Slash-and-burn is the farming technique of primitive agriculture. Modernity remains in some ethnic groups. This farming method was also preserved in the Yangtze River valley in China for a long historical period before the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was called "Shetian". Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, mentioned in Lao She's Preface to Farming: "Shetian is also a land of slash and burn in the gorge. Early spring, Yashan. All the trees have dried up. When planting, waiting for rain, it caught fire the night before, and it rained every day. Sow in hot soil, that is, the seedlings will reap twice as much. There is no rain, but yes. There are many mountains. If the soil fertility is thin, it will burn repeatedly. Only in this way can art be realized. Wheat and beans are planted in spring and used as cake bait to spend the summer. Autumn is mature. " Xue Mengfu has this explanation for Shetian in Volume 7 of Du Fu's Notes on the Classification of Poems. He said: "There are many community fields in Jingchu. First set fire to the stove and wait for the rain to plant. After three years, the soil veins are exhausted, and it is impossible to restore tree art, but it is vegetation and mountains. " She farmed and burned hazelnuts. Er Ya is one year old, she is two years old and she is three years old. It is easy to say that she is not jealous. All the voices are over. Yu Tianfan is three years old and can't replant. The noise was so loud that the grass burned. Furnace users, Yamakaji also. "It can be seen that the so-called slash-and-burn means that in the early spring, the villagers cut down the trees on the mountain first, then set them on fire the night before the spring rain, used them as fertilizer, and planted them in the soil heat the next day, waiting for harvesting, without any field management. Generally, after two or three years, the soil and fertilizer have been exhausted and can no longer be planted. It is necessary to open up wasteland alone.
The tools used in primitive slash-and-burn are mainly stone knives and axes, which are used to cut down trees. When people slash and burn, the first thing they have to face is the choice of land. Judging from the situation of ethnic minorities engaged in slash-and-burn cultivation in southern China, the land of early primitive agriculture was chosen in woodland and grassland development was late. Generally, the land chosen is not grassland, but forest edge, gap or woodland with sparse trees for logging. Kucong people just settled down from gathering economy to agricultural economy (1950s). Although iron tools have been introduced, wood tools are still the main tools. They just choose to farm at the edge of the forest or where the forest is sparse.
Woodland is chosen for farming because the overground part of vegetation on the grassland is easy to be pulled out, but it is difficult for primitive farmers without digging tools to pull out their criss-crossing underground roots. And grass can't provide enough ashes. This is extremely unfavorable to the growth of crops. In the flood and drought disaster era, when the axe was not widely used, there was thick humus black soil even in the gap or edge of the forest. People can cut down shrubs and small trees, even scrape off dead branches and leaves around them, dry them and burn them as fertilizer. This determines that people choose woodland instead of grassland as land.
The experience of choosing what kind of woodland as cultivated land mainly depends on the growth and species of trees, not the texture of soil. Their knowledge of soil is quite poor, but they can distinguish different woodlands in great detail and know how to use them according to local conditions. They noticed the topographical factors earlier, and knew how to choose the places with flat terrain, slightly higher sides, slightly lower middle, slightly trough-shaped, or longer light, but paid little attention to the soil itself. These areas are generally places with concentrated water and fertilizer and abundant trees. When they choose land, they also look at the thickness of the "black soil layer". But the so-called black soil layer is a loose black soil layer piled up after the fallen leaves wither in the forest, so the key is the richness of the forest.
Deciding where to plant what crops is based on trees, not soil. Distinguishing between different forest lands and tree species is the main basis for people engaged in slash-and-burn cultivation to choose land. This experience has been retained in traditional agriculture. "Shi Kuang Stretch" said: "People with more apricots and no bugs will have a good harvest next year. Five trees, the first grain; If you want to know five grains, you can't see five trees. If you choose wood, there will be varieties in the coming year, and there will be no less. " Miscellaneous Books of Yin and Yang correspond "five grains" and "five trees" one by one. There are so-called: five grains are born in jujube or poplar, millet is born in elm, soybean is born in locust, adzuki bean is born in plum, Su Sheng is born in poplar or jing, barley is born in apricot, wheat is born in peach, and rice is born in willow or poplar.
Slash-and-burn farming is generally not fertilized or cultivated, so after two or three years of planting, it is necessary to find another place to cut and burn, which is called "wandering farming" by agricultural historians. However, judging from some artifacts unearthed in the Neolithic Age, it seems that primitive agriculture in some areas of China was separated from the early slash-and-burn stage as early as six or seven thousand years ago. Only from the "primitive barren farming system" stage, it has entered the so-called "mature barren farming system" stage of "hoeing" or "ploughing".
Judging from the large wooden structure relics unearthed from Hemudu site, a large number of bones, piles of rice husks, and the tribal village sites with an area of more than 50,000 square meters established by Banpo and Jiangzhai clans, people have lived a long-term settlement life. People take turns planting on several plots of land, so that they don't have to move to other places to cultivate land. This can lead to a long-term settled life, which is beneficial to the development of agriculture. A large number of different types of agricultural production tools have also been unearthed in the sites of this period, among which stone shovels, stone poles, stone hoes and bone hoes are all tools for turning the soil, and stone hoes, clam hoes and winged stone plows are used for intertillage and weeding. Harvesting tools such as stone sickle, mussel sickle, bone sickle and perforated half-moon stone knife not only improve harvesting efficiency, but also can be harvested with connecting rods. This harvesting method reserves the necessary feed for raising livestock.
Modern farming culture
Modern farming culture is a kind of farming technology that replaces manpower with advanced mechanical equipment, also known as mechanized farming. Its outstanding characteristics are high production efficiency, and the labor intensity greatly exceeds people's affordability, which is conducive to saving labor time and reducing labor force. Agricultural mechanization is the material basis of modern agriculture. The popularization and application of new technologies, such as deep ploughing, deep fertilization, water-saving irrigation, precision sowing, facility agriculture and high-efficiency harvesting technology, need to take agricultural machinery as the carrier and be strongly supported by the power, precision and speed of machinery. In agricultural production, it is necessary to rely on mechanized operations to grab crops and seeds, fight drought and drainage, and prevent and control large-scale pests and diseases. The use of agricultural machinery can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of agricultural production and save seeds, water, fertilizers, medicines, labor, production costs and pollution. Emperor Yan and his primitive ancestors created material wealth and spiritual wealth for the survival, reproduction and development of mankind in the long-term production and life practice, and laid the initial material and cultural foundation for the beginning of Chinese civilization and the formation of the whole Chinese nation. In Yan Di culture, the primitive farming culture of "teaching people to fish" is the core of Shennong culture in Yan Di.
The process of creating farming culture in Shennong, Yan Di is the process that primitive ancestors knew, respected and used the laws of nature.
1. A correct understanding of the habits and characteristics of different plants and learning to collect and use seeds are the premise of the invention of primitive farming and the first step to understand the laws of nature and serve mankind.
To realize the era from demand to creation, an important prerequisite for human beings is to find out which plants are edible for human beings from many plants, and on this basis, to understand the growth law of these plants, so as to realize the purpose of planting and harvesting the means of subsistence by human beings on their own.
In the era of eating, human beings mainly rely on the sky to eat, only taking food provided by nature, lacking understanding. In the Shennong era, the objective reality of "more people and fewer livestock" and "people living in poverty" requires us to change the state of relying on the sky to eat and realize the goal of human beings relying on their own farming to obtain food. Emperor Yan led many tribes to discover edible plants and master their growth laws, thus inventing the earliest planting industry. "Guan Zi Liang pian" contains: "Shennong's work, the tree grain is the day of Qishan, Kyushu people know the grain, but the world." He also said, "Shennong teaches to plow the valley for the benefit of the people." "Yizhoushu" said: "When Shennong, millet was sown, and God cultivated and planted." As for Shennong, it is thought that it is difficult for insects and beasts to eat people, but they want to eat things, taste the reality of a hundred herbs, observe their suffering, and teach people to eat grains. The first volume of Su Ji Shen records: "Shennong used a whip to smoke a hundred herbs, knowing its flat, poisonous, cold and warm nature, and its stench was the main one, and it sowed a hundred grains. So the world is called Shennong. "
2. Understanding, adapting to and respecting the laws of celestial climate change, and grasping and utilizing soil fertility are the basis of primitive farming inventions and the key to relying on natural laws to serve mankind.
To cultivate grain, we should not only correctly grasp the characteristics of plant habits and growth laws, but also correctly understand the operating and changing laws of celestial climate and the utilization laws of soil fertility. If we don't master the operation and change of celestial climate, we can't realize a series of farming processes from sowing to harvesting, and we can't achieve the goal of obtaining food through farming. The same is true of the utilization law of soil fertility. There are many kinds of soil, fertile soil, barren soil, water and drought, soil and stone. What kind of land is suitable for farming? Different plants have different requirements for land. These all need to correctly grasp the law of soil utilization. "White Tiger Tong Yinuo." People in ancient times all ate animals and animals. As for Shennong, there are many people and there are not enough livestock. Therefore, Shennong adapts to the time, distributes the benefits of the land, makes mines, teaches the people to do things, and turns them into gods to make them suitable for the people. So it is called Shennong. " "Huai Nan Zi Xiu Wu Xun" contains: "In ancient times, people drank the water of grass, picked the fruit of trees, and ate the meat of clams, sometimes suffering from many diseases and injuries. So Shennong began to teach the people to sow grains to make the land moist and fertile, avoiding the taste of herbs and the ups and downs of water springs. " Records such as "the right time, the right place and the right person" and "the right place and the right person, the right place and the right person" show that Yan Di Shennong understands, respects and uses astronomical climate and land use laws.
3. The appearance of thunder, a production tool specially invented for agricultural farming, is the driving force for the development of primitive farming, and also a symbol of mastering the laws of nature and serving mankind.
After the appearance of primitive agriculture, slash-and-burn agricultural production mode was implemented for a period of time. This mode of production, with low efficiency and low output, is far from meeting the human demand for food. People demand to change this backward mode of production and increase the output of agricultural products. So an advanced agricultural production tool-Lei Lei was invented.
Reddy was invented in the long-term farming practice, which solved the difficulties of low efficiency and low yield of slash-and-burn farming, provided sharp farm tools for manual farming, played a decisive role in reclaiming land and expanding production scale, and realized field agriculture. At the same time, it can also increase the output per unit area and improve the agricultural quality. "Book of Changes: Biography of Cohesion" said: "The Bao family didn't, it was written by Shennongjia. Wood is a shovel, wood is a shovel. It is beneficial to teach the world and covers all interests. " "Yizhoushu" said: "When Shennong was in Shennong, he planted millet and cultivated it. Plough with an axe, break wood into shovels, shovel with gold, and shovel grass, then the five grains will be fruitful. " "White Tiger Tong Yinuo." People in ancient times all ate animals and animals. As for Shennong, there are many people and there are not enough livestock. Therefore, Shennong adapts to the time, benefits the land, controls it, teaches the people to do it, turns it into a god, and makes it suitable for the people. So it is called Shennong. " In Dulong area, people divide woodland into woodland, bamboo forest and bamboo-wood mixed forest. In woodland, people who grow "Slay" and "Smo" trees should plant buckwheat, millet and barnyard grass, and those who grow "Ermang" and "Correction" trees should plant corn. Taro grows best in wild walnut woodland, and corn and millet are better in bamboo-wood mixed forest. Bamboo forest land is also divided into "long collapse", "long claw" and "gru" according to bamboo species. "Gru" is a kind of bamboo with tiny bamboo poles. Its growth is not as good as that of the crops cut and burned in the previous two fields in Zhong Zhulin, so it is generally ignored. They also found that bamboo did not grow well after planting soybeans in bamboo forests. According to the experience of Nu people, the most suitable farmland for cultivation is the woodland where watermelon trees, "Seda" trees and small oak trees grow. These trees grow rapidly, flourish and have a lot of ashes after burning. Among them, the woodland of Seda tree and small oak tree is most suitable for planting upland rice, and the woodland of Seda tree and watermelon tree is suitable for planting corn and sowing Tianxiong rice (amaranth). Kucong people think that the woodland with trees such as Binni, Afrou, Elm, Aisha Mud, Suhe and Bika is the most suitable for planting crops, while the woodland with trees such as Enuwa, Mu Padel Water and Zabakzaka is not growing well.