Napoléon Bonaparte seized power, proclaimed himself emperor in 1804, and established the first empire.

1848 February Revolution broke out and the Second Republic was established. 185 1 year, President louis bonaparte launched a coup, and the second empire was established in 12 year the following year. 1870 After the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, 1870 established the Third Republic, until 1940, when the French Petain government surrendered to Germany and the Third Republic was destroyed. 1871March18, the people of Paris held an armed uprising and established the Paris commune. At the end of May of the same year, it was brutally suppressed by the French army.

2. Cultural status:

The Enlightenment is an ideological emancipation movement. Representative figures are Voltaire Rousseau Diderot and so on. Enlightenment thinkers strongly criticized the feudal autocratic system and its spiritual pillar-the Catholic Church, painted the blueprint of the future "rational kingdom", and provided ideological and theoretical preparations for the bourgeoisie to gain the dominant position.

Extended data:

/kloc-French literary works in the 0/9th century;

1, chateaubriand's Adala and René, Lamartin's meditation (1799 ~ 1869), new meditation and the harmony between poetry and religion, and Winnie the Pooh (1797 ~ 65438+).

2. Bourgeois romanticism is mainly manifested in people who are disappointed and dissatisfied after the Great Revolution and are rich in bourgeois personality. The representative works are the novels Telfen and Corina by Madame de Starr (1766 ~ 18 17) and Gong Sidang (1767 ~ 17).

3. Lamartin's Meditations (1820) and Harmony between Poetry and Religion (1830) echo the rhythm of romantic enthusiasm; Miao Sai's Tales of Spain and Italy (1829), Les Nuits (1825-1837) and Laurent Sacchi (1834) have set immortal milestones in romantic lyric poetry and drama.

Baidu Encyclopedia-French History

Baidu Encyclopedia-19th Century French Literature