I. Introduction to the Battle of Zhuolu
Yi Zhou Shu traces the battle of Zhuolu, although it is mixed with the thoughts and understanding of later generations, but it is still an important historical document to study the battle of Zhuolu. As can be seen from this record, the war was when Chiyou invaded and plundered the West, Emperor Yan was defeated, and his territory was completely lost. He asked the Yellow Emperor for help, resulting in the battle of Zhuolu between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou.
According to legend, Chiyou is the king of Jiuli, and Jiuli is Jiuyi, which belongs to Dongyi Group. He also said that "eighty-one Chiyou brothers, speaking with animals and people, eating sand and stones with copper heads and iron forehead, made soldiers' sticks, knives, halberds and crossbows, which shocked the world", "Chiyou made metallurgy" and "taking gold as a soldier". It can be seen that Chiyou is the leader of the tribal alliance composed of nine related tribes, who are brave and good at fighting.
Chiyou's Yu Yu Shao Hao shows that his birthplace is in Qufu, Shandong Province, which belongs to Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture distribution area in prehistoric times. From 6,000 years ago to about 5,000 years ago, in the late Dawenkou culture, not only the primitive agriculture and animal husbandry as the social and economic basis made great progress, but also the craft level of various handicraft departments, whether stone tools or bone horns, gradually surpassed the Central Plains region at the same time, and the pottery industry gradually reached the peak of prehistoric pottery making in China. On this basis, the copper casting process sprouted. At first, only small copper tools could be cast. Later, the Longshan culture cast bronze containers, gradually replacing the position of cutting-edge handicrafts in the ceramic industry. With the rapid development of social economy, culture, science and technology and the increase of population, a group of ancestors who supported Dawenkou culture developed westward one after another, entered the residence of Huaxia Group and expanded new living space. According to research, some of its residents moved westward into central Henan about 5,000 years ago, and direct contact directly affected western Henan, southern Henan and southern Jiangsu. The battle of Zhuolu was launched under such a historical background.
Second, the myth and legend of the battle of Zhuolu
The battle of Zhuolu ended with the victory of Huangyan Huaxia Group. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor entered the Dongyi activity area. "Mount Tai is connected with ghosts and gods, driving six dragons like an elephant, with Fang Bi in front, Chiyou in front, Fengbo in front, a rain master in front, a tiger and a wolf in front, ghosts and gods in the back, and a phoenix emperor in the back, so that ghosts and gods can be combined to clear the angle." Puritanism is a sad and exciting music in ancient times. With the victory of the Yellow Emperor, the original enemies Chiyou, Fengbo, Rain Lord and the eastern gods all surrendered.
There is also a more widespread legend that Chiyou was captured and killed by the Yellow Emperor, and his clan and some relatives and tribes took him away, bringing Chiyou's heroic story to all directions. The ancestors who still live in Shao Hao named their successors leaders and called them Shao Hao Qing.
In this war, because the two sides were evenly matched, the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou. After returning to their hometown, the two tribes tried their best to bury the hatchet, get along again and even form an alliance. Legend has it that "after the death of Chiyou, the world will be disturbed again, and the Yellow Emperor painted the image of Chiyou to dominate the world. The world is salty and immortal, and all countries in all directions are smooth. " Historically, Chiyou has long been sacrificed to the land of Dongyi. In Dongping County and Juye County of Shandong Province, there are the legendary tomb of Chiyou and his shoulder pole. Because he was killed by the Yellow Emperor, people used two 70-foot-high burial tombs as his monuments, and often held sacrifices in front of Chiyou's tomb in October.
Not only that, but it is also said that in the wild south, the fragrant maple tree on Songshan Mountain was transformed by torture when Chiyou was killed. In the salt pond in Xie Xian County, Shaanxi Province, the salt water is red, and people call it "the blood of Chiyou", and so on. There are legends about Chiyou in many places, which shows that Chiyou's reputation for cranes has already exceeded his hometown. According to documents, Chiyou in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties has been listed as the God of War alongside the Yellow Emperor. At four o'clock, when military training is carried out by using wild hunting, there will be a teacher sacrifice. "Those who sacrifice the military law pray twice, and their god covers Chiyou, the Yellow Emperor." Qin Si paid homage to Ba Shen in the East, saying, "Three times, the soldiers were teachers and sacrificed to Chiyou". Later, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang set out to "worship Chiyou and drum the flag in Peiting". A similar custom was practiced in the Song Dynasty, and it is still necessary to pay homage to Chiyou in the flag ceremony. This shows that after the battle of Zhuolu, Huaxia and Dongyi merged together.
Third, the epic record of the battle of Zhuolu.
Legend has it that after the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou, all the princes in the world were willing to submit and unanimously acclaimed him as the son of heaven.
After the Battle of Zhuolu, China entered a new historical period, which is of epoch-making significance, especially for the Han people today. Today, the Han nationality accounts for 94% of the national population, accounting for about 1/5 of the world population, which is related to the achievements of Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. The Han nationality originally developed from the Chinese nation, which gradually developed from Hua Xushi's assimilation of other nationalities for thousands of years. After the battle of Zhuolu, the Yellow Emperor pursued the victory and continued to conquer the four major events. With the expansion of the influence of the Yellow Emperor on the surrounding tribes, the influence of Huaxia nationality on other clans also increased. Over time, many clans around them either submitted to the Huaxia nationality or were assimilated by the Huaxia nationality. While the Huaxia nationality is growing stronger, its population is also increasing, which is an important source of the large population of Han nationality today. [8]
After the battle of Zhuolu, Fiona Fang was awed by the majesty of the Yellow Emperor. In Fiona Fang, all clans were quiet and did not dare to wage war easily, which made the Central Plains and its four sides tend to be stable. Therefore, the area of clan activities is relatively fixed. The relatively fixed activity area makes clan members gradually change from hunting to farming for a living, thus making unprecedented development of productivity.
The battle of Zhuolu had the deepest military influence on the China War. Because the battle of Zhuolu was a large-scale war between tribes, the final result was that the weakness of the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou's advantage, and then the Yellow Emperor took advantage of the situation to recover the Central Plains, thus unifying the tribes in China. Since then, other clans and tribes have been further conquered, including Li and Yi. One after another, they formed alliances with China, which was closely related to the Yellow Emperor's military ability and his performance in the war. Although the later leaders could not learn the military strategy of the Yellow Emperor theoretically, they indirectly learned the art of war of the Yellow Emperor from what they heard and heard, and passed it on from generation to generation, which laid an important foundation for China's military development. In addition, the war also played a positive role in promoting the later weapons manufacturing and technological development. Therefore, many historical books say that the battle of Zhuolu is a major event in the development of the Chinese nation.
The battle of Zhuolu effectively laid the foundation for Huaxia Group to occupy the vast Central Plains, and played a catalytic role in further integrating various clans and tribes. Huangdi, the tribal leader who won the war, became the same clan of the Chinese nation and was gradually deified. It can be seen that the battle of Zhuolu is indeed a historic "war" for our Chinese nation to decide the basic appearance of the future.
The tenth king of Shennong wants to grow long and decline morally, but his wealth is hidden and declines. The jade emperor failed to come forward, and the ministers helped each other and hacked and abused the weak. Second, Erqing ordered Chiyou (Shao Hao) Hao to worship the public. Dede can't control Chiyou. Born in troubled times, he went abroad, climbed nine naughts and cut empty mulberry trees, and the emperor lived in Zhuolu, where he closed the temple and was named Yan Di. The tenth Shennong can't cut it, but he wants it from Xuanyuan. Xuanyuan used to fight, and Emperor Yan attacked Human-God. Zhuolu is surrounded. Zhu Rong, the younger brother of the eleventh emperor Yan Di, offered a plan to attack him with fire. The Chiyou department was defeated, and the blood was shaken. Xuanyuan drove the South Locomotive, killed Chiyou, dismembered him and beheaded him. Draw a human-god on the military flag, and the princes look down at the flag, so they win the world. After the battle of Zhuolu (the battle of Banquan), there was a great drought.
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