Ji Cheng, the capital of Yan State, is located between Xuanwu Gate and Heping Gate in the southwest of Beijing. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, Beijing has been an important town in northern China, and its names have been called Ji Cheng, Yan Dou, Yanjing, Dadu, Beiping and Shuntianfu. According to Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics: "Today, Yao was sealed, and later it was in Hebei. Now it is in the northwest corner of the city, because the hill is also named after the city, and Qufu is Qiying Mountain."
Determination of the position of thrips
After decades of work since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), archaeologists have provided important physical data for exploring the location of Ji Cheng. In 1950s, less than 4km south of Qiu Ji, the site of the Warring States Period was discovered, and a gluttonous half tile was unearthed, which is a common building component of the Yan Palace. 1956 pottery wells 15 1 were discovered from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Eastern Han Dynasty, including 36 in the Warring States Period. The most densely distributed pottery wells are from Xuanwu Gate to Heping Gate, with a total of 130.
History of Yan state
The Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period were called Yan State, and later generations often called Southern Yan the Yan State whose capital was Ji, while the Yan State in Beijing was Beiyan. There is no Southern Yan State among the vassal States listed in the history books, which shows that the Southern Yan State in history was actually a small country in the Spring and Autumn Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified the whole country, Southern Yan was changed to Southern Yan County, and later Emperor Wendi changed it to Qiancheng County. In the second year of Tang Wude, Qianzhou was established, and the original Qiancheng County was changed to Southern Yan County; In the fourth year of Tang Wude, Southern Yan was abolished and merged into Qiancheng, and the administrative concept of Southern Yan disappeared.
Why is Beijing called Ji Cheng?
1. After King Ziping of Zhou Dynasty moved to Luoyi in 770 BC, it was customarily called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two stages: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After moving eastward, the royal family declined, from "the common master of the world" to a vassal sheltered by the vassal state. After a long period of whaling, dozens of countries merged into seven big countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was called the Warring States Period in history. It started in 475 BC and ended in 22/kloc-0 BC, when Qin unified China. Beijing is the seat of Yan State, one of the seven chivalrous men. Ji Cheng is the capital of Yan State.
2. In 222 BC, Yan was destroyed by Qin. In 22 1 year BC, after Qin Shihuang unified China, the former Yan State was divided into five counties: Yuyang, Shanggu, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong. The capital of Shanggu County is located in Ji Cheng. At this time, Ji Cheng's political status was reduced from the capital of vassal states to the capital of counties. However, due to its geographical location, its importance was more prominent and it was valued by the rulers of past dynasties.
In order to strengthen the centralized rule, the Qin Dynasty built three equator around Xianyang, one of which reached Ji Cheng. At the same time, the Great Wall of Qin, Zhao and Yan in the Warring States Period was connected in a line and extended to the Great Wall of Wan Li. The completion of Qin Chi Road and the construction of the Great Wall in Wan Li have strengthened Ji Cheng's position and created conditions for it to become a military center in the north.
4. In the Western Han Dynasty, Yan Di was either a country or a county, and its governing place was Ji Cheng. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Kan, the prefect of Yuyang, led an army to stop the invasion of Xiongnu, so that local residents could live and work in peace and contentment. He was an honest official, persuaded people to cultivate, and opened more than 8,000 hectares of rice fields under the Tiger Nu Mountain, which made great contributions to rice cultivation in Beijing. Shunyi District is also one of the important rice granaries in Beijing.
Where is the Yan State in Mi Yue's time now?
Yan State is now Beijing, Tianjin, north-central Hebei, northern Shanxi and southern Liaoning. Historical origin: After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Yu Yan, Zhao Gong, a feudal clan, was located in the north-central part of Beijing and Hebei today. Yan's capital is in Ji. If you are satisfied, please accept it. Thank you.
Is Yan really a bitter and cold place?
During the Warring States period, the territory of Yan State was not large. It starts from Yishui Valley in the south and reaches Chifeng in Inner Mongolia in the north. With a cold climate, it has no capital to become a powerful country. However, Yan had the most advanced iron smelting technology and farming technology during the Warring States period, which promoted the great development of Yan's agriculture and made Yan's economy comparable to that of the Central Plains countries.
Iron farm tools appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and became popular in the Warring States Period. No matter in manufacturing technology or popularity, Yan is in the forefront of vassal States, and even becomes a leader in some aspects.
Yan's agricultural farming technology is also very advanced. They make use of the abundant water resources in China, pay attention to the excavation and utilization of wells, and pump water from wells with "orange" tools. The implementation of "ridge tillage" and "dung field" in agricultural production in Yan State promoted grain production, and the yield per mu reached at least 100 kg, exceeding that of most countries at that time.
During the Warring States Period, Yan had mastered advanced iron smelting technologies such as block ironmaking, pig iron smelting and casting, block steelmaking, cast iron decarburization, annealing softening and quenching, and domestic farmers had widely used iron farm tools in production. Today, many iron farm tools unearthed at the site of Yan State in Xinglong, Hebei Province are made of pig iron melted at high temperature. This smelting method greatly improves the casting efficiency and quality, so that the iron hoe used by farmers in Yan State has a hard and wear-resistant core and a flexible iron protective layer, which is extremely durable.
Judging from the V-shaped plow unearthed in Yanxiadu, the front tip is wide and the tip has a straight edge, which enhances the penetration. At that time, other countries used iron to make weapons, and less used it as a tool for agricultural production. Take the powerful state of Qin as an example. Iron tools unearthed from Qin tombs only account for 1 1% of all production tools, and most of the others are bronze tools.
The extensive popularization of iron farm tools in Yan State made it possible to cultivate deeply and intensively, and the grain output of Yan State was greatly improved. In the production of Yan State, the "ridge tillage method" was implemented, and the earliest ridges and furrows appeared. It is beneficial to drainage in rainy season and irrigation along ditches in dry season, and can effectively play the role of drought resistance and drainage.
There are many rivers in Yan State, such as Yishui, Hutuo and Luanhe, which provide convenience for farmland irrigation. Yancheng is generally located on a platform by the river, and there are many wells in the city. In order to irrigate farmland, quite a number of wells have been dug. The clever Yan people invented the well-drilling tool "orange juice". A lever was set at the well side, one end was tied with a suction device, and the other end was tied with a heavy object. The lever principle was used to pump water, which greatly saved manpower and improved efficiency. The extensive application of water conservancy made the state of Yan in the Warring States period develop from once a year to twice or three times a year.
Advanced agricultural production has greatly improved Yan's national strength. According to "The Warring States Policy Yance", Yan's grain reserves can last for ten years. Yan even has extra food to make wine. Today, archaeologists have discovered a large number of wine vessels of the Yan State in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and other places in the territory of the Yan State, which shows that wine-making is a common phenomenon in the daily life of the people of the Yan State, and also reflects from the side that the grain output of the Yan State not only meets daily consumption, but also has a considerable surplus.
Yan's grain yield per mu is also very high. Wei, Qi and Qin are in China, and the east and west are separated. What is their yield per mu? After the reform of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", Wei developed soil fertility to the maximum extent and increased the yield per mu. According to his own description, Wei's yield per mu is "a stone and a half a year, equivalent to millet 150 stone." The geographical condition of Qin State is slightly worse than that of the Central Plains, but Qin State attaches great importance to the construction of water conservancy, "one acre receives one clock". If converted into Jin, the yield per mu is about 120 Jin. The grain output of the State of Qi is "20 tons per acre in the middle field, 27 tons per acre in the upper field and 0/3 tons per acre in the lower field", while the average output value of the State of Yan is at least 150 Jin, which greatly exceeds that of Qi Weiqin.
The capitals of the seven warring States periods
The warring States period is a very famous period in the history of our country, but in this period, there are seven warring States periods. Speaking of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, where is their capital? Let's have a look.
The first is qi. The capital of Qi is in Linzi. Qi was a vassal state from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in the history of China, and was also named Hou by the Zhou Emperor, which was divided into two periods: Jiang, Lu, Qi and Tian Qi.
Followed by Chu. The capital of Chu is Tancheng. Chu was a vassal state in the Yangtze River valley in the pre-Qin period, and the monarch was Mi and Xiong. During the period of Zhou Chengwang, Xiong Yi, the leader of the Chu people, was made a viscount and established the State of Chu.
Then Yan State. The capital of Yan is in Ji Cheng. Yan was a vassal state of China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period.
And Korea. The capital of South Korea is Xinzheng. South Korea is one of the vassal states of Zhou Dynasty and one of the Seven Heroes of Warring States. It is also called Sanjin with Wei and Zhao. The monarch is Ji surnamed Han, a descendant of Han Wuzi, a doctor in the Jin Dynasty.
Then Zhao. The capital of Zhao is in Handan. Zhao was a vassal state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was one of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period.
And Wei. Wei's capital is in Daliang. Wei, a vassal state in the Warring States Period, belonged to one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. Ji surname, Wei. In the past 403 years, Wei Wenhou was made a marquis by King Wei Lie of Zhou, and was crowned king in the first 344 years, and the Qin Dynasty was destroyed in the first 225 years, totaling 179 years.
Finally, the state of Qin. The capital of Qin is Xianyang. Qin was a vassal state established by the Chinese nation in the northwest of China during the Zhou Dynasty, and its ancestor Qin Feizi was after Elei, the son of the famous Fei Lian. The tribe named Won, the ancestor of Qin people, was already a right-hand man guarding Xirong as early as the Shang Dynasty, and was also valued by the Shang Dynasty. He was a nobleman in Shang Dynasty and became a vassal.