Chengdu has a long history and is called "Land of Abundance". According to historical records, in the middle of the 5th century BC, the ancient Shu Kingdom moved its capital from Guangdufan Township (now Shuangliu County) to Chengdu and built a city. As for the origin of a famous Chengdu, according to Taiping Ji, it is borrowed from the historical process of establishing the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and named Chengdu after Zhou's "one year to live, two years to become, three years to become". During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Meng Changjun, the Emperor of the Later Shu Dynasty, favored hibiscus flowers and ordered the people to plant hibiscus trees on the city walls. When the flowers bloom, Chengdu is called "the city of hibiscus", so Chengdu is also called "the city of hibiscus" for short. Chengdu is one of the oldest cities in China (built 3 1 1 year ago), which is second only to Suzhou in Jiangsu (built 5 14 years ago).
The development of history
Chengdu is the earliest developed area in southwest China and one of the first (24) historical and cultural cities in China. Since there is an exact record. Chengdu has a history of more than 2300 years. As early as the 4th century BC, the enlightened dynasty of Shu moved its capital to Chengdu, and adopted the measure of "Chengdu in one year, Chengdu in two years" in Zhou Wang. Because of its name, Chengdu has been attached to it ever since. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu developed economically and culturally. In 3 16 BC, the state of Qin annexed Bashu. In 3 1 1 BC, the Qin people built the city wall according to the organizational system of Xianyang. In 106 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established 13 State History Department in China and Yizhou History Department in Chengdu, which was in charge of Ba, Shu, Guanghan and Qianwei. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced the Central Plains and was called "Tianfu". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself emperor and decided to settle down in Chengdu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ada moved to Chengdu as a "Yizhou Pastoral" and took Chengdu as a state, county and county. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu's brocade was very developed, with "Jin Guan", so it was called "Jin Guan Cheng" or "Jin Cheng". Other handicrafts such as silk nest, silk weaving, salt boiling, iron smelting, weapons, gold and silver wares, lacquerware and so on are also very developed. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu's commerce was developed, and during the Qin Dynasty, Chengdu became a national metropolis. In the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu had a population of 76,000 and nearly 400,000, making it one of the six largest cities in China (Chang 'an, Luoyang, Handan, Lintao, Wan and Chengdu). "Shaocheng" is the most developed commercial city in Chengdu, where goods are piled up like mountains and shops and booths are lined up. In addition, the literature and art of Chengdu in Han Dynasty reached a high level. Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong and Wang Bao were the most famous writers in China at that time. The Han Dynasty brick and stone reliefs unearthed in Chengdu are beautifully painted and have a wide range of contents.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chengdu was economically developed, culturally prosperous and Buddhism prevailed. Chengdu has become the third of the four famous cities in China (Chang 'an, Yangzhou, Chengdu and Dunhuang), with developed agriculture, silk industry, handicrafts and commerce, rapid development of papermaking and printing, and its economic status is called "Yang Yi Yi Er" (Yangzhou first, Chengdu second). "Shu Embroidery" is one of the three famous embroideries in China, and "Shu Brocade" is regarded as a tribute treasure, and its output ranks first in China. Chengdu is one of the birthplaces of woodcut printing in China. In the late Tang Dynasty, most printed materials came from Chengdu. In addition to the important vegetable market and sericulture market in China, there is also a "grass market" in Chengdu, which is a township market distributed in neighboring areas. In the Tang Dynasty, writers gathered in Chengdu, and great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Bo, Lu, Gao Shi, Xue Tao, Li Shangyin, Tao Yong and Kang Shu all lived in Chengdu for a short time. In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu developed tourist attractions such as Kaimohe Pool and Baihuatan. During the Zhenguan period, Jianyuan Temple was built in the north of the city. During the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Zhaojue Temple, which was called "the first jungle in western Sichuan".
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Chengdu was prosperous and its economy and culture were more developed. The silk industry has expanded in scale and variety. The varieties of Shu brocade have developed from 10 in Tang Dynasty to more than 40 in Song and Yuan Dynasties, which can weave new patterns such as Tianma, flying fish, peacock with flowers and Ruyi peony. The silk goods transported in Chengdu every year account for more than 70% of the total transportation in all parts of the country. The level of papermaking in Chengdu is very high. The Tang Dynasty imperial court once stipulated that the books of the National Library must be copied with hemp paper made in Chengdu. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were special silkworm markets, medicine markets and flower markets in Chengdu. Due to the development of commerce, the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Chengdu. During the reign of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, a government-run Jiaozi business was established in Yizhou (Chengdu), which was publicly printed by the government and issued "Jiaozi".
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Chengdu was the political, economic, military and cultural center of Sichuan and even the whole southwest region. Ming set up the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Sichuan, with its headquarters in Chengdu. In A.D. 1654, Qing Shunzhi changed Sichuan Political Department to Sichuan Province, and the name of Sichuan Province officially appeared in history. After the Revolution of 1911 19 14, the Beijing government issued a circular to cancel the Chengdu administrative office and rename it Xichuan Road, resulting in 3 1 counties such as Chengdu and Huayang. 192 1 year, Chengdu and Huayang merged into one city, and the city preparatory office was established, with general offices and documents. 1922, the Municipal Preparatory Office was renamed as the Municipal Organizing Office. 1928, the municipal government was set as the municipal government, and the National Government set Chengdu as the capital city and the capital of Sichuan Province. 1949 65438+February 27th, Chengdu was liberated, which is the seat of the administrative office of western Sichuan. 1952, cancel the administrative office and restore the organizational system in Sichuan province. Chengdu has always been the capital of Sichuan Province. 1February, 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Chengdu's economic and social development plan was listed as a national plan, enjoying provincial economic management authority, and became one of the cities listed in the national 14 plan.
Go down in history
The first in the world: Dujiangyan water conservancy project, which started around 250 BC and lasted for more than 2,000 years, has been profitable so far; In 6 1 year BC, Lin Qiong mined natural gas from deep wells for salt making, cooking and lighting. Chengdu's Shu brocade, also known as "splendid satin", is the earliest brocade product invented in the world. The pedal brocade machine in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220) was the most advanced loom in the world at that time. By the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD), Chengdu had become the center of lacquer craft in the world and the birthplace of tea culture. In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu was the first city in the world to invent and use block printing. Bian Shi Dalani Sutra, Nishikawa's King Kong Gold Remnant Page and Chengdu Fanshang Calendar Remnant Page are the earliest printed materials in the world. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 126), the merchants here jointly issued the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi", officially.
China No.1: Around 250 BC, Li Bing's stonemason measured the Dujiangyan water gauge, which is the earliest water gauge in China; In 65438 BC+0465438 BC+0 BC, Wen Weng, the magistrate of Shu County, established the earliest local official school "Wen Weng Poetry History" in China. Sima Xiangru, Mei Cheng, Jia Yi, Yang Xiong and Wang Bo laid the foundation for Han Fu in the Western Han Dynasty. Meng Chang (943-965), a great master of the post-Shu Dynasty, wrote China's first Spring Festival couplets, "Good weather and good holidays in Qing Yu"; Before 355 A.D., Changqu compiled the earliest existing local chronicles of Huayang Country. Zhao Chongzuo, a post-Shu person, edited Huajian Collection, the first collection of words in the history of China literature. Around A.D. 1082, Tang Shenwei, a famous doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the earliest existing pharmacopoeia "First Aid Materia Medica with Historical Evidence" in China. /kloc-In the 20th century, Chengdu painter Huang Quan started the China meticulous flower-and-bird painting school, and Meng Chang, a master of the later Shu Dynasty, founded the Hanlin Painting Academy, which became the earliest royal painting academy in China. What needs to be pointed out in particular is that as early as the Han Dynasty, there were many excellent operas in Chengdu, and the Han Dynasty rap figurines unearthed in Chengdu were lively and unparalleled among similar cultural relics in China. This is a precious gift from Chengdu to the world and the essence of Chengdu culture.