I. Overview of main contents (omitted):

Childhood is the first part of Gorky's autobiography trilogy, which tells Gorky's life story from three to ten years old. After his father died, Alexei followed his mother and grandmother to his grandfather's house. This is a typical bourgeois family, there is no warmth between relatives, and they quarrel endlessly for the benefit until they have a big fight. Finally, they separated and their mother left home. Only his grandmother loves him in this family. Alexei made some new friends at his grandfather's house, but they all left one after another. Then my mother went home and got married. Grandpa sold the house as a dowry, and Alexei began a turbulent life. Stepfather lost all his property, did nothing all day, even beat his mother, and even went to school to spread rumors that Alexei was a thief. In poverty and illness, my mother died. Since then, Alexei has bid farewell to his childhood.

Two. Summary of main contents (multiple items):

Abstract: When Aletha was three years old, he lost his father, and his mother varvara put him in foster care with his grandfather Kashlin. Grandfather lives in the town of Novogo Road, Niger. When my grandfather was young, he was a tracker. Later, he opened a dyehouse and became a small business owner. When Aletha came to his grandfather's house, his grandfather's manor had begun to decline, and his grandfather became more bossy and irritable because of the depression of the manor. Aletha's two uncles, Mikhail and Yakov, kept quarreling and fighting over the separation and embezzlement of Aletha's mother's dowry. In this family, alessa saw the fog of hatred between people, and even the children were poisoned by this atmosphere. As soon as Alisha entered grandpa's house, she disliked him, was afraid of him and felt the hostility in his eyes. One day, out of curiosity, with the encouragement of his cousin, he threw a white tablecloth into the dye vat and dyed it blue. As a result, my grandfather knocked me out and gave birth to a serious illness. From then on, Aletha began to observe the people around him with anxiety, feeling unbearable humiliation and pain for himself and others. His mother abandoned him and left home because she couldn't stand such a life. But in this dirty environment, there is another kind of person, another kind of life. There are optimistic and simple people in Shigang, and Gregory, an upright old worker. Every holiday night, Yakov plays the guitar and plays a touching tune. Grandmother danced folk dances, as if she had regained her youth. All this made Alisha happy and sad. Among these people, my grandmother has the deepest influence on Alisha. My grandmother is kind and just, loves life, and believes that good will always overcome evil. She knows many beautiful folk stories, which sympathize with the poor and the weak and praise justice and light. The god she believes in is also amiable and amiable to people. Grandpa's god, however, doesn't love others, and always finds fault with others and punishes them.

Later, my grandfather moved to Kahnert Street and recruited two tenants. One is a progressive intellectual, nicknamed "good thing". He was the first outstanding person Aletha met, and he left an indelible impression on Aletha. The other is Peter, who disguised himself as a coachman after robbing the church. His cruelty and slave habits aroused Aletha's antipathy.

One morning, my mother suddenly came back, and her change made Alisha feel very sad. At first, she taught alessa to read, but the torture of life gradually made her careless, and she often lost her temper and pulled a long face. Later, when his mother remarried, Aletha lost interest in everything around him and tried to avoid adults and wanted to live alone. In this way, after a summer of thinking, he finally strengthened his strength and confidence.

Mother is unhappy after marriage and is often beaten by her stepfather. Poverty and disease are eroding her beauty. Because she is in a bad mood, she often shows coldness and unfairness to Alisha.

Alisha didn't feel warm at home and was discriminated against and made things difficult at school. Therefore, in Aletha's mind, the emotion of "love" is gradually replaced by hatred of everything. Due to disagreement with her stepfather, Aletha returned to her grandpa's house, and grandpa went bankrupt completely! Their lives are getting harder and harder. In order to make ends meet, Aletha and his neighbor's children teamed up to collect junk and sell it after school. At the same time, I also felt friendship and sympathy. But it also attracted criticism from the school. He finished the third grade with honors and left the classroom of the school forever.

At this time, Alisha's mother died. After he buried his mother, he soon went to the "human world" to make a living.

Three. Character image

A kind of selfish and cruel people represented by grandpa: grandpa is short and thin, only the shoulder height of grandma, walking fast and thin, selfish and cruel, brutal and rude, hitting people and swearing, cruelly abusing workers and buddies, even disowning his six relatives, and dominating and acting arbitrarily if he has money. After bankruptcy, it is more greedy and stingy, and under the character. Through the description of Aletha's rebellion against his grandfather, the author expresses his contempt, disgust and denial of the kind of people represented by his grandfather, and also expresses his denial of the filth and filth of ordinary citizens.

One is an upright and kind person represented by grandma. Through the memories of grandma and others, the author expressed his love and reverence for the working people represented by grandma. Grandma is kind, loving her relatives, neighbors and everyone. She is willing to bear all the pressures in life without complaint. The hardships of life, the beating of her husband and the disobedience of her son can't extinguish the light of love in her heart. She is a dynamic and poetic professional woman. She can sing and dance, and tell all kinds of legends, fairy tales and folk stories. Therefore, the protagonist Aletha is not overwhelmed by the hardships, pains and humiliation of life. He is full of confidence, works hard, breaks through all kinds of obstacles and misfortunes, and constantly explores a new life. This optimistic spirit makes his works have a positive color in ideological content.

Second Uncle: (Big Uncle, Little Uncle): Selfish and cruel.

Mother: strong, kind and beautiful.

Alexa Nakakov: An upright teenager, who despises a selfish and greedy person, sympathizes with misfortune and looks forward to a better life.

Kashirin: The image of paternalistic craftsman, fierce and cruel, without affection, mercenary and disloyal.

Grandmother (Aculina Ivanovna): Hard-working, kind, optimistic and intelligent, which embodies the excellent quality of working people.

"Good stuff": profound knowledge

Stepfather: fierce and cruel.

Four. Introduction to this book:

Childhood is the first part of Gorky's autobiography trilogy, which mainly describes Aletha's childhood. The other two in the trilogy, On Earth and My University, mainly describe alessa's adolescent experience. The whole Childhood depicts a colorful, bizarre and indescribable life. That life seems to be a tragic fairy tale told by a kind and extremely honest genius. In that dark life, there were too many cruel social affairs. If a child does something wrong, he should take off his pants and be beaten. In order to separate, the father and son fought and even beat their heads off; Grandma has no fault and can't escape grandpa's punching and kicking; Uncle Mikhail made fun of the old craftsman grigori with a red-hot thimble. Mother knelt on the ground and begged her stepfather not to fool around outside. Stepfather kicked her in the chest in boots. Grigori worked for his grandfather all his life. When he was blind and lost his ability to work, he was driven out of the dyehouse and lived on the streets begging for food. Grandpa not only exploited the workers cruelly, but also was denied by his six relatives. When cooking tea with his wife, he has to count the tea in his hand carefully for fear of losing money. Finally, he kicked his wife and grandson out of the house and left them to fend for themselves. However, despite so many horrible and ugly things described in the work, the whole work still exudes optimism like sunshine penetrating through clouds. Aletha, the hero, is not overwhelmed by the hardships, pain and humiliation of life. He is full of confidence, works hard, breaks through all kinds of obstacles and misfortunes, and constantly explores a new life. This optimism makes his works have a positive color in ideological content.

The artistic features of verb (abbreviation of verb);

Childhood is a unique autobiography. Different from most autobiographies, it doesn't take heroes as images to create portraits. It is more like a long and colorful oil painting, which restores a period of life of an era and a family. In this life, there have been many protagonists. Beauty and ugliness stand in front of readers at the same time, impacting their hearts. Childhood, with its unique artistic form, profound ideological content and unique artistic characteristics, occupies an important position in the history of Russian and Soviet literature and even the world literature, and has unparalleled artistic value.

6. Innovative description method:

"Childhood" adopts the way of alternately using children's perspective and adults' perspective to describe in art. The works mainly observe and describe life from children's perspective, which makes "Childhood" more vivid and full of childlike interest, such as the death of Aletha's father.

Seven. About the author:

Gorky: (1868 ~ 1936), a proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union and the founder of socialist realistic literature. He was born in poverty and lost his father when he was a child. 1 1 years old, he is running around the society for a living. As a stevedore, bakery workers, slums and docks became the classrooms of his "social" university. He shared the fate with the working people and personally experienced the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism. This had an important influence on his thought and creative development.

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