Bone carving, as a tool and ornament made of animal bones, is one of the earliest handmade products of human beings. The ancients used bones as needles and knives, and carved patterns or characters on bones. With the changes of history, bone carvings gradually evolved from daily necessities to decorations. The bone carvings we see now are very exquisite handicrafts. The bones are not only engraved with words, but also carved with different knife methods into lifelike three-dimensional figures, flowers and birds, simulated buildings and other works. It is worth mentioning that bone carving and tooth carving are sister arts. Because of the protection of wild animals, especially elephants, China also abides by international conventions prohibiting the trade in ivory and ivory products. The masters who used to be engaged in ivory carving turned to bone carving, and the masters still continued the story of tooth carving art on cow bones and camel bones. The following is the processing flow of bone carving works: 1. Feeding: thigh bones of cattle and camels; 2. Material selection: remove the loose joints at both ends of the bone and only keep the solid aggregate in the middle. 3. Degreasing and bleaching: degreasing at high temperature, degreasing and bleaching by chemical methods, and extracting oil to prevent discoloration and mildew; 4. Cutting: cutting aggregate according to the type of work to be processed. 5. Division processing: Division processing is carried out according to the categories of people, water, animals and buildings.
Painting snuff bottles inside, Kangxi period was the initial period of China snuff bottles, and later emperors all liked snuff bottles. Influenced by the rulers' hobbies and advocacy, snuff bottles no longer have the function of containers, but have been endowed with social functions of viewing and boasting wealth and winning prizes. Appreciation of snuff bottles was quite popular among literati in Qing Dynasty. Painted snuff bottles are made of transparent glass or crystal. Then use a special pen to probe into its mouth and draw a picture in the opposite direction on the ampulla. The themes are mostly flowers, plants, insects, fish, rocks and trees, rivers and lakes, fairy tales, comedy characters, portraits and so on. This unique art category suddenly appeared when the production technology of snuff bottles declined after Qianlong. First, it rose in Beijing, and then it gradually matured. A number of artists who painted snuff bottles inside emerged and formed different schools. After liberation, the folk art of painting snuff bottles came into being, and new flowers blossomed.
Jun porcelain products are divided into furnishings and daily necessities, and furnishings are divided into four grades: rare, precious, fine and authentic. It is understood that the process of making a piece of Jun porcelain is the process of highlighting the beauty of Jun porcelain. Jun porcelain is fired in two stages, low-temperature plain firing and high-temperature glaze firing. Glaze color will change to some extent with the temperature and atmosphere. It is no exaggeration to describe the variety and beauty of Jun porcelain color changes with "one color enters the kiln and one color leaves the kiln". This magical phenomenon of kiln change gives people a refreshing feeling. At the same time, Jun porcelain, as the only high-temperature kiln porcelain in the world, rewrote the history of China porcelain and opened up a new realm for China ceramic aesthetics.
Jun porcelain began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty, with a history of 1300 years. Song Huizong attached great importance to martial arts, rewarded handicraft production, established an official kiln in Juntai, and designated Jun porcelain as a royal tribute, hence the name Jun porcelain. When the princes made great contributions, and the senior officials in Jin Meiyu could not express the gratitude of the emperor, the emperor gave the monarch porcelain as a reward. Therefore, it left a reputation that "even if you have a lot of money, it is not as good as Jun porcelain (a gift from you)". Jun porcelain is a comprehensive art, which is famous for its eight beauties, five colors, strangeness, strangeness and beauty. The eight beauties are: difficulty, beauty, shape, glaze, sound, jade, grain and scenery.
"Difficult to be beautiful" refers to the difficulty of firing Jun porcelain. "Nine kilns in ten kilns can't be finished" and "* * * works with one hand, and it takes 72 hands to make a product", which shows the beauty of Jun porcelain artists' hard work more and more because of its difficulty. It pursues a cold, lofty and unyielding national spirit and has won the reputation of "gold is valuable, but monarch is priceless".
"Beautiful" refers to the charm of dragon (Dalongshan) and phoenix (Fengchi Mountain) in Jun porcelain, which naturally comes into being after the gods, forming their own five-color porcelain clay. The unique Jun porcelain art is full of colorful and vivid charm, so it is called "Jun porcelain unparalleled".
"Formal beauty" refers to the beauty of modeling. Or the lines are extensive, or the hair is clear, or the pier is thick and simple, or exquisite and delicate, which not only inherits the tradition, but also creates the modern consciousness. With multicolored glaze color, the charm is doubled.
"Beauty of glaze" refers to the vitrification of glaze and the aesthetic feeling of multi-color infiltration. Jun porcelain glaze is a kiln-changed glaze-a kind of two-liquid phase-separated glaze, which not only keeps the blue glaze crystal clear and bright, but also has the phenomenon of turbid and wet as jade. Make Jun porcelain "gorgeous and rotten" and exquisite.
"The beauty of sound" refers to the sound quality of the jingling of the zither and the ringing of the bell, and the sound quality of the rain hitting the bronze ware, just like the melodious sound of jade, like falling into a fairyland.
"Beauty of jade" refers to the jade texture produced by crystal clear, smooth and moist glaze, also known as "Jun jade". Known as the "Qian Qiu Art Garden", Jun porcelain handed down from ancient times, white jade is not a demon.
"Beauty of patterns" refers to the formation of caviar patterns, pearl spots, crab claw marks, borneol patterns, cassock pieces, peacock clothes, earthworm mud patterns, all over the sky stars, spring breeze and rain on Jun porcelain, which has played a strong decorative effect. These lines are like vines connecting green leaves; Or like a root supporting a tree; Or loosen the soil like spring worms; Or like a seagull singing at sunset.
"The beauty of scenery" means that the glaze color of Jun porcelain has become the best because of the setting sun, the long river setting sun, the red plum proud snow, the fairy mountain Qiongge and other landscape frames. Praised by countless literati, it makes people fantasize and have unlimited thoughts, so that their body and mind can be cultivated by art, enjoy the charm of nature, go beyond the scope of poetry and songs, and enter the realm of transcendence.
Appreciate Jun porcelain, watch it, and it will be pleasing to the eye; Listen to it, like a rain hammer; It feels bright and greasy; Think about it with endless aftertaste, mobilize all the senses of the viewer and devote yourself to the appreciation of Jun porcelain art-soul purification and soul sublimation. Folklore says: "Jun is more beautiful than jade, jade is more beautiful than jade, and jade is better than jade", "Gold is priceless, elegant rooms are priceless, so you can't boast of wealth", and foreigners even call it "China Treasure Porcelain".
There are also many folk crafts, which can be inquired in Baigongfang.