Population: 1.685, with a permanent population of 0.46 million; 1897,53,500 people; 19 17, 107600 people; 1992,459,000 (the highest in history); There were 403,726 people in 20 10.

Population density: 2,652 people/km2

Ethnic composition: Russia, 92.5%; Ukraine, 1.7%, Karelia,1.0%; Belarus 0.6%. There are also ethnic groups living in the city, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tatar, Cigang, Chechnya, Chuvash and Georgia.

Religion: Orthodox Church.