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Introduction to European history
1. The earliest remains of human habitation in Europe can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age in Europe-35,000 years ago. In the early Neolithic period in Europe-7000 years ago, settlements, farming techniques and domesticated livestock appeared. From the earliest recorded civilization to the temporary retrogression and disappearance of-1 200 civilization, copper is the main metal material for making tools and weapons, which is called the bronze age.

2. The European classical period began in -700. The Roman Republic was founded in -509. About 150 years, the territory of the Roman Empire reached its largest. In 395, the Roman Empire split in two. In 476, romulus Augustus, the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was deposed, and Europe entered the Middle Ages.

3. Generally speaking, the Middle Ages began with the demise of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, until Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, was captured by Muslim Otto and Turkmen in 1453. Some scholars think it should be earlier or later.

4. From the end of 15, Europe entered a modern period marked by great geographical discovery, religious reform and the rise of nation-states. Modern times include three centuries from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, from 1500 to 1800, or from 1492 when the New World was discovered to 1789 when the French Revolution took place.

5. From 19 14 to 199 1, it experienced World War I, World War II and the Cold War, including the rise and fall of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. These historical events declared the end of the European colonial empire and sounded the horn of large-scale decolonization. From 1989 to 199 1, the disintegration of the Soviet Union made the United States the only superpower in the world, which triggered the collapse of the Iron Curtain. The reunification of Germany accelerated the ongoing process of European integration.

6, 1992, EU member states sign the EU treaty. 1 993165438+1October1,the Maastricht Treaty came into effect and the European Union was formally established.