At the end of the Ming dynasty, the Qing army entered the customs. In Jiangnan area, Yangzhou, Jiangyin, Jiading and other places have the strongest resistance. As a result, there are records about "Ten Days in Yangzhou" and "Three Slaughters in Jiading" in the history books. Hou Tongzeng's father and son are the heroes of Jiading Three Slaughters.
In the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Jiading revolted against shaving and Qing Dynasty, and more than 100,000 people participated. Hou Tong and Huang Chunyao, a kindred spirit, were promoted to leaders, and the banner of "Jiading Restoring the Righteous Teacher" was erected on the rostrum of Jiading. Organized insurgents are deployed in the four gates of Jiading. Hou Tong once took his sons, Hou Xuanyan and Hou Zhen, to guard the east and north gates, and shelled the Qing soldiers in Cang Qiao at the north gate, killing the younger brother of the Qing generals. When Li Chengdong heard the news, he flew into a rage and vowed revenge.
Jiading City is a tiny place, but in the face of the siege of the Qing army, under the leadership of Hou Tongzeng and Huang Chunyao, the righteous soldiers guarding the city bravely held on for nearly half a month.
In the early morning of the fourth day of July, it was raining cats and dogs, and the defenders were hungry and sleepy. The Qing soldiers took the opportunity to storm, the East Gate fell, and there was street fighting in the city.
Hou Tong was defeated by his sons Xuan Yan and Xuan Jie. Seeing the tide ebbing, they couldn't resist.
After the father and son retired, Hou Tong once fell to his knees, facing the ancestral tablet, and suddenly knocked: "I failed in guarding the city, and I was ashamed of my fellow villagers! Shame on your ancestors! Now that the city is broken, how can we live with shame? Only when you die will you be loyal to the festival. " Say and proffering flaming again and again.
Hou Xuanyan and Hou Xuanjie, kneeling behind Hou Tongzeng, heard their father's words and understood that his father had made up his mind. They all stood up and followed their father closely.
Hou Tong once came to leafpool in the backyard, looked up at the sky, sighing, and was about to jump into the pool, but was hugged by Xuan Yan and Xuan Jie.
They knelt down and begged their father, saying, "Father, you are not the city guard. It's not your fault. Why can't you bear it for a while so that you can make a comeback? "
Hou Tong once closed his eyes and endured tears. She said to her sons in an iron voice, "I have made up my mind." You don't have to say anything, just leave! "
Xuan Yan and Xuan Jie brothers knew their father's temperament and knew that things were irreversible, so they tried to be martyred with their father.
Hou Xuanyan pushed his younger brother away and said, "I am the eldest brother. It is my responsibility to die with my father. Brother, hurry up! "
Hou hugged his brother and said, "Eldest brother, you are the eldest son of Hou family. You have to stay in Zongzong, and I will accompany my father to tide over the difficulties! "
They were arguing when, with a splash, Hou Tong turned over and sank into the pool. The two brothers embraced and jumped out of leafpool together.
In an instant, the Qing soldiers killed in the pool and caught the father and son ashore. Hou Tong once gave up the ghost, while Xuan Yan and Xuan Jie were still alive. Both of them were hacked to death by Qing soldiers on the spot.
Hou Tongzeng's head was cut off by the Qing soldiers and hung on the west gate upstairs for public display. Three days later, he fell to the ground, was picked up by a scholar, sent to the factory head of Hou's former residence, stitched with the body and buried.
Hou Tongzeng's strong sense of justice deeply touched future generations. Jiading can still see many monuments to commemorate them. In Jiading City, on the original site of leafpool at the northeast corner of Qinghe Road intersection, there is a leafpool monument, which is the martyrdom of Hou Shi and his son. The word "leafpool" was inscribed by former Minister of Justice Wei.
About Jiading Three Maps Jiading, Qin belongs to Lou County, Huiji County, and Sui and Tang Dynasties belong to Kunshan County, Suzhou. Song Jiading decade, named after the year number, now belongs to Jiading District, Shanghai.
In the first year of Hong Guang (1645), in May, Prince Jin of Manchu Dynasty occupied Nanjing with a large number of troops, and the court of Hong Guang of Nanming fell. In June of the same year, Nan Ming sent money and others to offer advice and suggestions to Duo Duo, saying, "The folk customs in Wuxia are weak, and the flight can be decided, so there is no need to use troops." It was on June 15 that the Qing court issued an imperial edict to Jiangnan, which read: "... the issue of haircut has become a custom in this dynasty, so we have to violate the law." ..... Anyone who does not follow the North Korean system will be put to death. " "Parents should not be hurt by their hair." This is the ethical values of the Han nationality for thousands of years. Cutting your hair is a great insult to your personality. Therefore, the "haircut order" has aroused people's resentment and resistance everywhere, especially in Songshan, Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiading, Shaoxing, Jiangyin and other places. Jiading, which fought against the atrocities of the Manchu Dynasty, was known as the "Jiading Three Slaughters" in history. In order to carry out Jiading's haircut order, the Manchu regime decided to conquer Jiading by force.
At the dawn of the third day of July in the first year of Hong Guang, the Qing soldiers broke the tranquility of Jiading ancient city. According to historical records, Li Chengdong, the pioneer of the Qing army's attack on Jiading City, was a subordinate of Shi Kefa, the late minister of the Ministry of War of Nanming, Hong Guang. As early as last April (in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, AD 1644), Tarnum was really moved by the lonely mountain of the Qing army. When he approached Xuzhou City, Li Chengdong, then the company commander of the guarding city, fled and was quickly captured by the Qing army.
At this time, in order to resist the invasion of the Qing Dynasty, Jiading citizens unanimously elected Hou Tongzeng, and his brother Huang presided over the city defense. Hou Tongzeng, the word foresight. Hong Guang, the former general secretary of Nanming Dynasty, was left in charge of general affairs. After the fall of Nanjing, he took refuge in his hometown Jiading. Huang Chunyao, the word Yun Sheng. He was a scholar during the Chongzhen period and lived in Jiading City with his brother Huang.
Under the command of Hou Tongzeng and the Huang brothers, the people in the city, regardless of gender, age and age, joined the ranks of anti-Qing. In order to boost morale, Hou Tong once ordered the banner of "Defending Jiading Rightists" to be hung on Jiading Tower. At the same time, it was decided to "guard Jiading City by points" on the tower: Nanming students led the public to guard the south gate, and xiushui county teacher Gong; Zhu Changzuo, a former student of Nanming imperial academy, guarded the north gate, assisted by Taigong Tangzi; Huang Chunyao brothers guard the west gate; Hou Tong once personally guarded the East Gate, and Zhu Sheng Gongsun Xuanfu assisted him. In addition, Ma Yuandiao (70 years old), Tang Changquan and Xia are responsible for logistics supply.
The meeting decided that the leaders would lead the people to patrol the city day and night. "Jia people are scrambling to follow the blade, which is very encouraging." In order to prevent the Qing army from invading, Hou Tong once ordered the destruction of bridges outside the city. "The east and north gates are blocked with big stones, and the west and south gates are blocked with logs and stones."
At dawn, after the Qing army defeated the soldiers outside the city, Jiading City was surrounded on all sides. Then, Li Chengdong ordered, concentrated artillery JiGongDong, Simon two. "Qing soldiers besieged the city in a hurry, and many ladders were tied to the gate. Bricks and stones are raining on the city. " Although the people guarding the city "lost many people", they are still tenacious. If a broken city wall is blown down by gunfire, people in the city will block it with wood and bags full of soil in time. "If there are casualties in the city, they will be added immediately." Or: China has two societies, the upper is grandiose and the lower is rough; Go to the game and go to hell. Honesty is true!
At dusk, there was a sudden rainstorm and a strong wind. The people guarding the city are still fearless and resist in the rain. At the right time, because "there is no light in the city, (Li) built a building to make soldiers lurk in the cave city under the city, and the defenders feel comfortable." (case of Wen Bing A and B)
At dawn the next day, the storm continued. At that time, people in the city had been guarding the city for three days and nights, soaked to the skin, exhausted their diet and exhausted. Li Chengdong then ordered the soldiers to "put the lights in the cellar, and the gunfire would shake the whole city." The sound of the cannon "rocked all day, and the sky broke and the earth fell. Nitrate and lead scraps fell on the houses in the city, rustling like rain, babies and women, and wolves were running around." (Zhu "Jiading Slaughterhouse")
In this bloody storm, disaster finally came.
As one corner of the city wall collapsed in the gunfire, the Qing army took the opportunity to board the city and swarmed in. The Qing soldiers learned that they had run away from home and the traffic was unimpeded. The refugees in the city were blocked by bricks and stones in the street and could not escape. They all threw themselves into the river and the water stopped flowing. "
At the moment, Hou Tong was on the East Gate Tower. When the city fell, "all the soldiers said,' I used to be a kind servant, but I can still escape from Gong Wei.' Dong once said: "It is righteous to live and die with the city." And worship the lower city temple, go to the water and die. His eldest son Xuan Yan and his second son Xuan Jie were killed by dozens of knives. "
When the city fell, Brother Huang rushed to a monk's house in the city. Chun Yao asked, "What about the harem?" Say, "Go to hell!" Yue: "It's not just me and my colleague's harem." It's a sentence on the wall of the book:' If you don't study well, you can't learn anything. You can't enter the Yili dynasty, and you can't retire from it. Just your heart. Huang Chunyao, an old man of Daming, committed suicide in a temple in the west of the city. The younger brother said, "My brother is the king and deserves to die. He doesn't want to be a citizen of the northern land. Chunyao is in the east and Yao Yuan is in the west. " (History of Huang Zongxi) According to historical records; Zhang Ximei, a student, unbuttoned his belt on the South Gate Tower and made a desperate speech before he died. On the trousers, she said, "I am not born, I am born with the city, and I am right when I die!" "Teacher Gong Yongyuan died in the water and his second son followed him. Ma Yuandiao, Tang Changquan, Xia and Lou, the city broke and died. And Huang, in the street fighting with the Qing army, "waved an iron sword, killed hundreds of people before and after, and then died in defeat." "Historically, the death of these' people with lofty ideals' is of course the result of their fundamental pursuit of the Confucian concept of' benevolence and righteousness'. But from the point of view of the rise and fall of the nation, has this gentleman spirit of dying for the survival of the nation not become an integral part of the spirit of the Han nation?
After the Qing army defeated the township soldiers in various villages and towns, Jiading City was surrounded by the Qing army and shelled the city gate. The soldiers and civilians in the city are fearless and resist to the death. As the city wall collapsed in the sound of guns, the Qing soldiers broke into the city. At that time, Li Chengdong, the former Nanming general in charge of the Qing army, ordered the massacre. At the command of the massacre, the Qing soldiers "went door to door, searched all the small streets and alleys, and the grass and thorns were chaotic." "Among the citizens, there are hanging beams, throwing wells, throwing rivers, bloody, broken limbs, living after being cut, and bloody." If you see a beautiful young woman, then "the neighbors openly commit adultery day and night." Those who don't listen, "nail their hands to boards with spikes and force them to commit adultery." (See Zhu Zhu's Jiading Slaughterhouse)
After the Qing massacre resumed looting and killing, the Qing soldiers immediately plundered property. History shows that when they meet citizens, they will shout for treasures. "Evil is wrapped around the waist, full of meaning." If you don't give much, just cut three knives and leave. At the right time, "the sound of knife cutting is all over the distance." Begging for life is as noisy as the city. "What's more, Li Chengdong, the culprit of the Holocaust, took away the gold and silk women he plundered with 300 ships. This is "a massacre in Jiading City".
In this disaster, many people feel uneasy. It is also recorded in history that the Qing soldiers are like the north gate, "it is traitors who lead the enemy into the customs." As for the robbers, there are not a few. There is a traitor Xu Yuanji, "In the name of haircut, the sunrise action, cutting people's stomachs, licking people's hearts, moved hundreds."
However, the atrocities of the Manchu dynasty did not extinguish the people's rebellious anger.
Zhu Ying drove away the Qing soldiers. On July 24th, Zhu Ying, a native of Jiangdong and a self-styled guerrilla general, led more than 50 soldiers back to Jiading City. At the right time, Zhu led his department and the citizens of the city to drive the Qing army out of the city.
The next day, Manchu slaughtered Jiading City and fled outside the city, urging Wan to lead troops to reinforce. Li personally sat in the Weaver Girl Temple outside the city, commanding various military forces and attempting to attack the city for the second time.
In the early morning of July 26, the Qing army took advantage of the city's armed forces to attack the city again.
The traitor Zhang Pu offered a plan to Li Chengdong: "If we don't get rid of it, the world will be in chaos." So, the Qing army slaughtered the city for the second time. At this time, many residents in the city have not yet got up, "so they were suddenly killed in the house." Suddenly, "there were corpses everywhere in the city, but only three or four monks removed the firewood from the house and gathered the corpses to burn."
The traitors showed their talents. In this massacre, Zhang Pu took the lead and "showed his talents". He even killed his friend Lu's whole family. To this end, the people of Jiading City "are happy every day, so they don't stay." A citizen surnamed Guo once denounced him with indignation: "People look like animals, but dogs and mice don't eat them." God is angry, but Zhang Pu hides his face and scares his ears!
From what Li Chengdong, Xu Yuanji and Zhang Pu have done, we can see that whenever there is a major change in society, some people will benefit from it. In addition to the inevitability of the times, the moral quality of individuals at all levels is also related to the rise and fall of their status. The decline of moral quality will inevitably lead to the extreme expansion of personal possessiveness. Mencius said, "People should not be ashamed of * * *, * * *, * * *." Nobuo!
The second massacre in Manchu dynasty failed to weaken the people's will to resist.
On August 26, Wu, a former general of Nanming, led the rest of the troops to counterattack Jiading City. The Qing soldiers in the city were caught off guard and annihilated. City people rushed to the front of Wu Jun, "enthusiastically obey orders". However, Wu Jun is a mob. When the Qing soldiers fought back, they "dispersed for a while." History: Wu's "killing several people in a row" is inconclusive. Call to heaven and say,' If I die, I will part. "I'm so disappointed to lose without a fight!" I want to go to the east gate with my gun. "
The Qing soldiers slaughtered Jiading City three times, and the Qing soldiers swarmed into the city and killed Jiading City for the third time.
If the first two massacres left some "hidden dangers" for Manchu, then the third massacre was "as it wished". Because on the countless bones of this city, the banner of "haircut order has been done" has finally been inserted!
History: During the three massacres in Qing Dynasty, no one surrendered in Jiading, and more than 20,000 people died.