Carpet is a famous traditional handicraft in China. China carpets, with a history of more than 2,000 years, are famous for handmade carpets, and written records can be traced back to more than 300 years ago; There are objects to test, which have been more than two thousand years. It began in the pastoral areas of the northwest plateau. In order to meet the needs of nomadic life, local ethnic minorities make use of the local rich wool twisted yarn to weave colorful kneeling mats, tapestries and carpets. Thanks to the joint creation of Uighurs, Mongolians and Tibetans, as well as the mutual communication with countries in the Middle East through the Silk Road, excellent carpet rug of ancient china art has gradually formed.
Carpet is made of high-quality pure wool, and then processed by wool selection, washing, carding, dyeing, carpet weaving, cutting and washing. It has the characteristics of excellent wool quality, unique skills and elegant patterns, which is unique in the world and is the main export handicraft in China.
Carpet is a kind of floor covering made of cotton, wool, silk, hemp, coconut palm or chemical fiber. Including hand-made carpets, machine-made carpets and hand-made carpets. Broadly speaking, it also includes bedding, cushions, wall hangings, tents, saddle mattresses, door curtains, table towels and so on. In the Neolithic Age, people twisted animal hair into threads and woven it into thick woolen goods to pave the floor. Carpet fragments unearthed from the Eastern Han Tomb in China are typical hand-flocked carpets. After the Han Dynasty, the Silk Road promoted carpet production in the Central Plains. In Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian people lived mainly in nomadic life, so carpet production was relatively developed, and carpet workshops were set up under the court. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, carpet production in Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia developed. On the basis of inheriting the traditional carpet technology and combining the characteristics of brocade and embroidery art, the carpet pattern with unique auspicious meaning has been created and passed down to this day. In the 20th century, Beijing and Tianjin established enterprises to produce carpets for export, which became the key production areas of carpets in China. The traditional producing areas of handmade carpets in the world are concentrated in countries at the junction of East Asia, Central Asia and Europe and Asia. From 1720, the Brussels carpet loom was pioneered in Britain, and the machine-made carpet was produced. So far, machine-made carpets have accounted for 99% of the world's total consumption, while hand-made carpets only account for 1%. There are many ways to classify carpets, which can be divided into hand-planted carpets, hand-woven plain carpets, hand-tufted carpets, hand-made carpets and machine-made carpets according to the manufacturing process. According to the purpose, there are carpets, kang carpets, tapestries and prayer carpets. According to the raw materials, there are wool carpets, real silk carpets, jute carpets and chemical fiber carpets.
Also known as lichen, it is a fabric laid on the ground. Carpets in China have a long history. As early as 2000 years ago, carpets were produced in Xinjiang, west of China, and various patterns could be woven. Later, carpet weaving technology was introduced into the Central Plains, and its application became more and more extensive. Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in the poem "The Red Line Carpet": "The ground is not only cold, but also warm, so you should take clothes and be less lichen". According to documents, from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more and more kinds of carpets. Carpets are usually made of cotton, wool, hemp and paper rope. Woven carpets made in China take high-strength veil strands as warp yarns and ground weft yarns, and the colored coarse weft yarns are inserted into the warp yarns according to patterns to form plush, and then are woven through shearing, brush pile and other technological processes. Its front is densely covered with towering plush, with solid texture and good elasticity. Especially the carpets produced in Hotan area of Xinjiang are more valuable and have the reputation of "oriental carpets". The carpets produced there are not only of good quality, but also of large output. It is also exported to more than a dozen countries and regions such as Europe and Central Asia. Among them, the biggest booth is a1250kg carpet woven by Urumqi Carpet Factory for 198 1 Xinjiang Hall of the Great Hall of the People, which is known as the "king of carpets". 1966, a cotton blanket was unearthed in Lanxi, Zhejiang. It is 2.5 1 m long and 1. 1.8 m wide. It is plain, both sides are convex, flat and thick. After identification, the material used is grass cotton fiber. This kind of cotton carpet was woven in the Southern Song Dynasty. This is the earliest cotton blanket so far. It can be seen that the carpet weaving technology at that time has reached a very high level.
At present, Xinjiang has gradually popularized the new carpet ironing technology, which has improved the quality of carpets. They developed 540 carpets and 720 carpets with exquisite workmanship and high artistic value.