As we all know, in ancient China, there were many festivals in a year. Some of these festivals are regional and some are national. With these,

With the regularization and popularization of festivals, some cakes attached to the legend of the origin of festivals came into being. For example, on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, it is said that the cowherd and the weaver girl.

On the day when Queqiao met, the proper fruit was listed on this day, which was the image display of this fairy tale by the ancients in Food. August 15th Mid-Autumn Festival, Biography

Some people say it's the birthday of the moon, others say it's the day of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. Mid-autumn moon cakes listed on this day are ancient people's simulations of the moon and its shape.

Artistic expression of myth in food. April 28th of the lunar calendar is said to be the birthday of Sun Enmiao, the drug king. On this day, the "honey-offering tip" offered in front of the statue of the King of Medicine is the model of the ancients imitating Sun Simiao's "Thousand Treasures Returning to the Monument". Later, on the first day of the first month, the public, including Sakyamuni Buddha, was provided with honey tips.

In front of the statue, some people say that the tip for honey is shaped like a "pagoda". It should be pointed out here that the origin of these cakes is attached to the legend of festivals.

At first, they were all "enshrined" in front of the gods for later families to share, and later developed into commercial cakes sold in the market.

Many of these cakes are born with the change of solar terms. For example, there are rose cakes and wisteria cakes in March, and mung bean cakes in summer.

Wait a minute.

2. Due to the etiquette needs of the ruling class.

In ancient China, the ruling class had a set of extremely complicated etiquette, and cakes became the content of etiquette as a kind of etiquette. Since Liao and Jin Dynasties, with

With the establishment of the ruling class in Beijing, a considerable number of palace banquets and official banquets are held in Beijing every year. Cake as part of the feast.

It is produced in the imperial palace and government kitchens in Beijing. At the same time, the emperor not only entertained civil and military ministers and foreign envoys, but also gave gifts to officials.

Etiquette for eating cakes. For example, on April 8 every year, the Ming emperor gave Guan Bai a "no clip", and from winter to Sunday every year, he gave Guan Bai a box of sweets, each with seven.

Kind of, a pine nut miles rolling ". All of the above, on the one hand, add a new ingredient of palace cake to traditional cakes in Beijing, on the other hand,

With the spread of palace and palace cakes and the entry of Beijing folk cakes into the palace, the development of Beijing folk cakes has been greatly promoted.

In addition, under the restriction of feudal etiquette, cakes are essential gifts, from red and white ink to teacher-student meetings, such as Jurchen in Jinzhongdu.

"When you pay the money, you belong to the same family. You must go with wine, and then you can have a big soft fat, a small soft fat and a honey cake. There are tea and vegetables every day."

3. The spread of diet in the capital

When the rulers of Liao, Jin and Yuan established their capital in Beijing, they all plundered the crafts of Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty and Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty to Beijing. Ming Yongle

When the emperor moved the capital to Beijing, he also moved craftsmen from Hebei, Shanxi and Jiangnan to Beijing. So, these pastry chefs who moved to Beijing,

Pastries from Bianliang, Lin 'an and Jiangnan were introduced to Beijing, and later became an important part of traditional cakes in Beijing.

For example, in seasonal cakes, Tuoguo Chongyang Flower Cake, Robbie in court cakes, Polygonum flowers, peach cakes, dried cakes and chestnut cakes in market cakes.

They were all introduced to Beijing from Lin 'an and Jiangnan in the capital of song dynasty.

4. Promotion of drinking tea.

After the Tang Dynasty, drinking tea became popular in the north and south. According to historical records, in Jin State, including Jinzhong Capital (now Beijing), "tea is like rice and salt,

Run up and down. "Tea should be served with cakes, and tea should be served with tea. As a result, "tea food" has become the food for the officials and people of Jin State to eat tea together. Hailing collection

"Nuzhen" attaches great importance to tea and food, which was especially popular in Gudas at the beginning of its founding. If there are dozens of cakes and baits in Zhongzhou, set a few feet high with a big plate.

For guests, banquets are also useful. A diamond bracelet is the largest. "

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a man named "Tea Hutong" in Fangxiang, Beijing, who was obviously from the Jin Dynasty.

Here you can also see the historical relics of the names of Fang Xiang in Zhongdu City, which is one of the popular scenic spots of Nuzhen tea in Jin Dynasty. Nuzhen tea in Jin Dynasty "accumulated several feet to make a big market"

The record of this book can't help but remind people of the Manchu pastry table in the Qing Dynasty in A.D.17th century. This pastry table, also known as "table Zhang", is a unique banquet cake for Manchu people.

Point, stacked with all kinds of Manchu cakes, is "like a pagoda, but it is 12 stories high." (Records of Shuntian Prefecture of Guangxu) Jurchen of the Jin Dynasty was in the Qing Dynasty.

In the pre-Manchu era, it is not surprising that the tea in the state of Jin was so similar to the dining table in the Qing Dynasty in shape and use.

5. Integration of ethnic diets

In the history of its formation, Beijing traditional cakes also absorbed and integrated the wisdom of people of all ethnic groups living in Beijing in history, and absorbed all people.

The essence of family cake.

As early as the Liao Dynasty in the tenth century A.D., every year in the fifth lunar month.

On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, there is an "Ai Gao" made by Fu Shan in Bohai Sea. Bohai Sea is a place in the northeast of China, and some people moved to Beijing in the Tang Dynasty.

Ancient people. Ai Gao may be a seasonal snack similar to Zongzi. There is a poem about Ai Gao in Jin Tai Miscellaneous Poems by Cheng Jinfang in Qing Dynasty: "copulation".

Chui Chui reflects the green beard, and you can see the control number from the distance of the shed. Inner city people go to the Temple of Heaven, and fans send mugs. "

Chestnut cake, a traditional cake in Beijing, was originally a Korean and Jurchen food in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The practice at that time was: "chestnuts are not limited, and they are dry in the shade.

Shell and pound into powder. Add two thirds of glutinous rice flour, mix well, mix with honey and water, and steam. "This kind of cake has always been a snack of the Manchu and Han powerful families in the Qing Dynasty.

In the thirty-seventh chapter of China's classic A Dream of Red Mansions, there is also a new kind of steamed chestnut powder cake with sweet-scented osmanthus sugar, which shows the "Korean chestnut cake" in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

By the Qing Dynasty, raw materials such as sweet-scented osmanthus and sugar had been added.

6. The influence of China's ancient social thought

Beijing traditional cakes originated in ancient China society, which was permeated with religions and superstitions such as Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, regardless of shape or decoration.

Generally speaking, as far as its variety collocation is concerned, it has left the brand of China's ancient social thought. In other words, in the social and ideological environment at that time.

As offerings, gifts and tea products, cakes are bound to be produced and constantly produced to cater to people's thoughts and psychology. Therefore, through Beijing

The characteristics of this era of traditional cakes show us the influence of ancient China people and China's social thoughts on the formation of traditional cakes.

In a certain historical stage, this influence enriched the varieties of traditional cakes in Beijing and promoted the development of traditional cakes in Beijing. For example, biography

Today's traditional cakes in Beijing, such as Kirin Crisp, Dragon and Phoenix Crisp, Phoenix Crisp and Flat Peach Crisp, are all products influenced by ancient China myths, such as Money Crisp and Yuan Crisp.

Bao Su, Yin Si Twist, etc. It is a product influenced by the thoughts of Huo Zhi family in ancient China, as well as bergamot cake, Lama cake and lotus seed cake. It's an ancient Buddha statue in China.

Products under the influence of teaching philosophy; Jiuzisu is a product influenced by China's ancient theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Wealth and longevity cakes embody and cater to the law.

Class outlook on life.

In a word, the development of agriculture provides raw materials for the formation of traditional cakes in Beijing, and the development of handicraft industry provides cookware and molds for them.

Besides other factors, there are the historical, social and ideological factors mentioned above. Under the comprehensive action of these factors. ancient times

The working people of all ethnic groups in Beijing personally created the famous traditional cakes in Beijing.