The original intention of this document is:
1. The word "archives" originated from Manchu and appeared in the early Qing Dynasty. The basis of those who hold this view is as follows: First, it can be found in the book A Brief Introduction to Liu Bian by Yang Bin, a beginner of Qing Dynasty. The third volume contains: "there are many books out of bounds, and the disseminators call them' cards', so that they can cut sawdust if they are cards; Those that have been stored for many years are called' files' and' files', which have accumulated a lot and are posted on the wall. However, books with words on paper today are also called' brands' and' files'. " Secondly, it can be found in the book Kangxi Zhuzhu, in which there is a sentence that there is no file in the Ministry. 2. The word "archives" comes from Chinese and appeared before Qing Dynasty. The main viewpoints are as follows: (1) Hou Chuanxue put forward that "Zhou Li's Annotation" has the theory of "deputy": "Writing a deputy should raise six officials." Wang Rongsheng and Wang Yusheng believe that the "file" of "secondary file" is not "file" but an adverb, which should be interpreted as "general". Many scholars believe that the words of the two kings are credible. (2) Wang Jinyu and others put forward the theory that "the words on the shelf in the Song Dynasty are files", and further proved that there was the title of "files" from the beginning. The evidence was Shi Minglu written in the early Ming Dynasty, which uploaded: "Gengzi Day (the first month of the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu). According to the Ministry of Punishment, due to the unclear documents of the household department, the Ministry recently handled the problems of emotional documents such as relevant officials, which I admire very much. Based on this, it is considered that the title of "archives" as archives should be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty. (3) Zhang proposed that Yuan Qu has "archives": "The laws and regulations of Xiaocao have never been learned, and there is a history of archives as evidence." (He Baorong textual research, the "file" here should be regarded as "on duty", that is, "on duty". What he said to Bao Rong is credible. The above two viewpoints are debatable and need to be further researched from ancient documents and unearthed cultural relics. At present, archivists generally agree with the first view and think that its historical materials are reliable.
Edit the definition of this file.
According to incomplete statistics, there are hundreds of definitions of archives at home and abroad. According to the starting point and angle of its definition, it can be divided into five types: regulations, dictionaries, teaching materials, monographs and papers. Why are there so many file definitions? The reasons are as follows: 1. Different countries have different political and cultural concepts and different understandings of archives. For example, French-speaking countries believe that once a document (the same below) is formed, it is called an archive, which includes three stages: current role, semi-current role and non-current role; In our country, a document is called a file only after it is filed in the archives department, including two stages: semi-active and passive. In English-speaking countries, a document is called a file only after it enters the archives, which only refers to the inactive stage of the document. 2. People in different periods in the same country will have different understandings of archives. For example, some people in China think that only archived documents that have been specially sorted out and appraised can be called archives, and some people think that only documents that have no current effect can be called archives, and so on. As Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem titled Xilin Wall, "Looking from the side of the ridge, it becomes a peak and the distance is different." Third, people in the same country at the same time have different understandings of archives because of different needs. For example, archives in China's archives law refer to historical records with preservation value, and many archival scholars believe that archives are historical records preserved by archival institutions for future reference. Fourthly, archival science, as a new discipline, is still in an immature stage. Fifth, with the progress of society and the development of science and technology, archives and archival work are constantly developing, and the theory of archival science is always under construction, so the understanding of archives will be enriched and improved. Sixth, people's understanding of objective practice cannot be achieved overnight, and it will deepen with the development of practice. Here are three examples of the definition of archives: The Archives Law of the French Republic (promulgated at 1979): "Any natural person or legal person, any state organ or organization, any private institution or department, regardless of its date of formation, form and materials, is an archive." Encyclopedia of the Soviet Union (Third Edition): "Archives are the sum of documents and materials formed by organs, individuals and families in their activities." Schellenberger, a famous modern American archivist, said in his masterpiece "Modern Archival Science-Principles and Technology": Archives are "documents that have been identified as worthy of permanent preservation for reference and research, and have been hidden in or selected from any public or private institution for storage in archival institutions." Although the above definitions of archives are different, they all think that archives must have three basic elements: creator, retrievable value, diversity of carriers and forms.
Edit the definition of our country in this paragraph.
history
The archival circles in China began to discuss the definition of archives from 1950s, and it was not until the birth of "People's Republic of China (PRC) Archives Law" published by1September 5, 987 and implemented by 1988+ 1 year1October 5 that the definition of archives had a relatively consistent understanding basis. According to the law, archives "refer to various forms of historical records, such as words, charts, audio-visual and so on, which are directly formed by past and present state organs, social organizations and individuals engaged in political, military, economic, scientific, technological, cultural and religious activities and are of preservation value to the country and society."
Current meaning
The definition of archives in People's Republic of China (PRC) Archives Industry Standard "Basic Terms of Archives Work" is: "Various forms of valuable historical records directly formed by state organs, social organizations or individuals in social activities." The latest definition of archives is: "Archives are clear, definite and solidified information directly formed by organizations or individuals in past social practice activities." (Introduction to Archives Science by Feng Huiling, 2nd Edition)
Edit the basic meaning of this paragraph.
The definition of archives includes the following basic meanings: 1. Archives are directly formed historical records. "Direct formation" means that the file inherits the originality of the file, and "historical record" means that the file inherits the record of the file at the same time, which is the original file that reproduces the true face of history. It is precisely because archives inherit the original records of documents and have historical reproducibility that archives have the important attribute of voucher value, which is different from books, information materials and cultural relics. 2. The creator of the file. Archives are formed by official institutions, semi-official institutions, unofficial institutions and some individuals, families and clans. 3. The file comes from a document. Archives are conditionally transformed from documents. The "document" here refers to documents in a broad sense, that is, various materials formed in the form of words, charts, audio-visual images, etc. Archives and documents are different forms of the same thing in different value stages, which have homology and stage characteristics, as well as personality differences such as effectiveness, functionality and clutch. From file to file is a dialectical movement process of critical inheritance. From the content and form of information, the two are exactly the same, but from the perspective of timeliness, value and systematicness, archives are the constant sublation of documents. The first is the criticism of timeliness, and the file is a processed file; Secondly, the value criticism, the file is the part of the completed document with preservation value; Finally, it is systematic criticism. Archives are information units organized by scattered files according to certain logical laws. Therefore, the file is the predecessor of the file and the file is the destination of the file; Documents are the basis of archives, and archives are the essence of documents; Files are the materials of files, and files are the combination of files. 4. There are many forms of archives. The forms of archives include carriers, means of production and ways of expression. From the carrier, there are Oracle bones, epigraphy, silk books, simple books, paper, rubber magnets and so on; From the production methods, there are knife engraving, pen writing, printing, copying, photography, audio recording, video recording and so on. From the way of expression, there are words, charts, audio-visual and so on. 5. The essential attribute of archives. Archives have the characteristics of historical reproducibility, knowledge, information, politics, culture, sociality, education and value, among which historical reproducibility is its essential attribute and other characteristics are its general attributes. Therefore, the definition of archives can be simply expressed as: archives are the original documents that reproduce the true face of history.
Edit this personal file
"Personal file" is the abbreviation of a person's life track, which is very important information for employers to understand a person's situation and an important part of a person's political career. It cannot be underestimated or ignored. As long as a person needs to work and live, it is inseparable from dealing with some units and departments in society. Establishing personal files is not only the need of work, but also the need of society, and it is an important means for units or enterprises to understand a person. People who don't have files are certainly not convenient for units or enterprises to understand you, which is definitely unfavorable to individuals. Storage and custody is of course an important link. As for how and where to raise it? Generally, it should be in the personnel file management department at or above the county (city) level, mainly referring to the registered personnel of the state administration or institutions; For the vast rural population, there should generally be township household registration management departments; Unless otherwise stipulated for enterprise units, they should generally be managed by their superior units. There are other regulations for the large floating population at present.
Edit this TV program
Shanghai TV documentary channel archives;
Program Type: Historical Documentary Drama Program Duration: 24 minutes Founded in 2002 (the original Friday Archives was founded in 1998). Archives is a daily broadcast column, which brings together historical documentaries. In the sales ranking of Wuan, the sales performance of archives has been ranked in the top ten of SMG in recent years. In addition to the science and education channel of CCTV, more than a dozen TV stations in Qinghai, Beijing, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan, Shi Jing, Changsha and Shenzhen are terrestrial channels, and most of them are broadcast in segments when introduced. The predecessor of the archives is the weekly broadcast column "Friday Archives" founded by Dragon TV 1998. After the SMG documentary channel was launched in 2002, the archives moved to the channel on Friday and changed its name to Archives. Since its establishment in 2002, the archives have always adhered to the direction of recording history, popularizing history and preserving historical real images. The main feature of the program is to build suspense and stories on the basis of historical truth, real events and real characters, emphasize plot and rhythm, and highlight the visibility of the documentary with scene reproduction. At present, in Shanghai, the average ratings of Archives rank first or second in SMG documentary channel. In 2005, the archives began to try to produce a series of programs. This is the centenary of the birth of China films. The archives launched the first series of programs-20 episodes of the old film "Old Shanghai", which was promoted through the five-shore communication under SMG. Finally, the series made a breakthrough in the sale of broadcasting rights and the development of derivative products. Subsequently, the archives released a 52-episode series "One Hundred Years of Commerce", with the pioneer of modern commerce in China as the theme. In less than a year after production, the sales revenue of Hundred Years of Business Sea has recovered 60% to 70% of its investment cost, the broadcasting rights of the program have been sold to CCTV and more than a dozen provincial TV stations, and books and audio-visual products of the same name have also been put on the market. In the second half of 2006, the archives began to take the road of documentary drama, trying to reproduce a certain proportion of scenes in the program, considering the audience's appreciation interest as much as possible while popularizing history, and pursuing the documentary value of the program archives. The legacy of the Republic of China 19 shows the audience a precious and beautiful history by telling stories and even series. The average ratings of this series reached 8%. The second season of Legacy of the Republic of China, which was broadcast in February 2009, had an average audience rating of 1 1%. Hong Chu, the producer of Archives, told reporters that the Legacy of the Republic of China series is the best-selling program of Dangan, and its distribution income exceeds 500,000 yuan, which exceeds the cost of the program. In 2007, driven by the TV series Assassination, spy war dramas became popular on the screen. The archives timely selected typical cases that were documentary, archival, revealing and entertaining, and produced 19 spy war secrets series. In 2009, when the TV series "Latency" was popular, the archives integrated the previous interview resources and video materials, and produced "Behind Latency (Up and Down)" in less than a week. On May 5, 2008, the weekly broadcast was changed to daily broadcast, and the production of series of programs began to become cautious. Hong Chu said that when a new series of programs is launched, the program group usually does five episodes to test the water market first, and if it is good, then does five episodes. According to this operation, a program package of 20 episodes and 40 episodes will eventually be formed. In 2008 and 2009, The League of Assassins, The Cave of the Devils, The Rose of Time, The Mystery of Treasure, The Secret Archives of Kwantung Army and Beiyang Warlords were all very popular. In addition, in terms of operation mode, the primary problem faced by the archives after changing to daily broadcasting in 2008 is how to ensure the broadcast volume of 260 programs throughout the year. After it was unrealistic to completely make and expand the recruitment, the column chose the way of customizing some programs by the society. Produced by contracted companies in Beijing, Sichuan and other places, Archives pays for the production of the program, and the project leader of Archives participates in the planning of the company's programs and monitors the progress, quality and fund management of the programs. The final program copyright is enjoyed by SMG. At present, the programs produced by social companies account for 1/3 of the annual broadcast volume of archives. From the initial single play of Friday Archives to the production of series films in 2005, and then to the attempt to produce drama documentaries in 2006 and 2007, Archives has been constantly improving the program style and improving the situation of historical documentaries. Regarding the future development, Hong Chu said that compared with the atmosphere and grand historical view of CCTV's Exploration and Discovery, Archives has a faster narrative rhythm, more exquisite packaging and Shanghai style characteristics. Our first step now is to tell the story well, and then slowly emphasize the historical depth and independent opinions. The program Archives will be based on today, revisit the past, dig deep, find meaningful topics, record the world image and spirit of today's society, leave a memo for developing cities, and provide reference for the growth of contemporary and future generations. Since its inception, the column has always adhered to the direction of recording history, popularizing history and preserving historical real images, forming its own specific audience. From June 5438+ 10, 2005, the newly revised "Archives" column will all broadcast a series of historical documentaries, revealing information in "Storytelling", which won the praise of the national audience. First broadcast time: Monday to Friday 2 1: 00-2 1: 30 Replay time: Monday to Friday1:00-1:30 Saturday to Sunday13. The "Archives" column on Saturday and Sunday 13:00- 15:00 is a mixed replay of the old series. Moderator: Lu Liang (Hundred Years of Business, Mystery of the Spy War Season 6 1, Legacy of the Republic of China Season 6 1) jiang bo (Mystery of the Spy War Season 2, Legacy of the Republic of China Season 2, China's unified report, the collapse of the Jiangshan Gang of the military regime, the ultimate contest between the No.76 Cave of the Wang Puppet Regime and the Shanghai Station of the military regime, the revelation of the spy war, the orders of the assassin.
Beijing Satellite TV "Archives":
Following the great success of Shanghai SMG documentary channel "Archives" column, Beijing TV station also set up "Archives" column following SMG's example. The BTV archive program format reveals major domestic cases, social legends and emotional stories for the first time based on the on-site recording and playback of cases and events. It has a deep connotation and a wide extension ... The program is close to people's lives, keeps up with the pulse of the times, shows all kinds of life and shows all kinds of social phenomena. The focus of people's attention is the focus of our program topic selection; It also combines the latest foreign legendary exploration programs and domestic column forms to explore the world with unprecedented visual impact and "novelty" angle, looking for the truth and little-known facts. BTV file
The program is positioned as a studio program with a specific and highly personalized narration (host) as the basic form. The narrator is a modern storyteller with information and props. The narrator is the host of the program. The suspense and questions he throws according to the content are the biggest selling points of the program setting. The action line in the studio designed by the narrator according to the content and the application of various program elements form a unique innovative highlight of drama programs. Combine the program content with the unique style of the broadcast site with a brand-new concept, and pay attention to the stage temperament of the program. The narrator turned the slide projector and 16 mm projector into the necessary links and key means to promote the story, so as to set off the atmosphere of the live story and strengthen the visual elements of the whole program. Make full use of all kinds of material elements of the program, and complete the program tasks through stage elements, moving image elements, sound effect elements and physical elements.