Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel broke ground on June 5438+065438+ 10, 2004. It is the first Yangtze River highway tunnel in China. On April 9, 2008, the double track of Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel was put into trial operation on February 28, 2008.
work progress
suggestion
1975 The Fourth Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Railways (hereinafter referred to as the "Tiesiyuan") plans to build a tunnel under the Yangtze River at the Second Bridge.
1993, the state is ready to build the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. Since the river-crossing area is only 1.7 km away from the Yangtze River Bridge, if the bridge is rebuilt, it will have an impact on the Yangtze River shipping. Therefore, Chen Yingxian, a domestic tunnel expert and design master, put forward "tunnel crossing the river". Although it failed to become a reality in the end, the response was strong.
feasibility study
From 65438 to 0995, Wuhan Science and Technology Commission organized the Fourth Institute of Steel and Iron and other units to carry out the "Research on Major Technical and Economic Problems of Wuhan Metro", among which the topics of subway and light rail are impressively listed. In the same year, a leading group was set up in Wuhan Metro.
198 1, the fourth railway institute began to study the pre-feasibility of the river-crossing tunnel (including the subway project) at its own expense.
1986 12 17: The preliminary work of the Yangtze River Tunnel Project was officially started.
1987, Wuhan Metro Office officially entrusted the Fourth Institute of Steel and Iron to engage in subway research. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Department of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering of China Academy of Engineering and the Underground and Tunnel Experimental Research Center jointly held a seminar on immersed tunnel technology.
project approval and initiation
1977, the river-crossing tunnel (including subway project) was officially reported to the State Planning Commission.
1978, the plan of river-crossing tunnel (including subway project) was approved by the State Planning Commission for the first time.
From August, 65438 to August, 0979, nine special studies, including project feasibility study report and flow forecast, traffic relief, earthquake safety evaluation, flood control and navigation demonstration, civil air defense scheme, risk analysis, environmental evaluation and financing, were started.
1979 10, the report of Pre-feasibility Study of Wuhan River Crossing Tunnel passed the expert review, and a one-way two-way four-lane highway tunnel was put on the agenda.
In April 2004, the feasibility study report of the river-crossing tunnel passed the examination.
In June 2004, the feasibility study report of the project was approved by the state. On the 28th of that month, the construction of Wuhan River-crossing Tunnel started.
building operations
On April 9, 2008, the Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel was successfully completed.
On February 28th, 2008 +65438, Governor Li Hongzhong of Hubei Province announced the trial opening of Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel.
Safe construction
The escape passage is equipped with 102 camera for all-round real-time monitoring, and large ventilation equipment ensures air circulation. In addition, flood gates are set at both ends of the tunnel. In case of war damage, terrorist attacks and natural disasters, the city gate will be closed to prevent the river from entering the tunnel and flooding into the city.
1May, 1983, the project named "Structural design and engineering application of segment materials for large-diameter tunnels with high impermeability and long life" was included in the "863" plan and passed the acceptance of the Ministry of Science and Technology. This kind of tunnel segment is specially developed for Wuhan river-crossing tunnel, which can be used for 100 years, thus ensuring the service life of the Yangtze River tunnel.
Engineering problems
Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel is a river-crossing tunnel project with the most complicated geological conditions, the highest engineering technology content and the most difficult construction in China. In the process of excavating this tunnel under the river, Chinese engineers and technicians have successfully overcome five worldwide construction technical problems.
1, attitude control, the shield machine passes through the uneven soft and hard geology, and the driving attitude is difficult to control;
2. The water pressure is high. The tunnel is 57 meters deep from the water surface to the bottom, and the river water pressure is extremely high. Preventing the tunnel from being flooded is the biggest difficulty;
3. Ultra-shallow burial, the shield machine in some sections is only 5 to 6 meters away from the ground. It is extremely difficult to "disturb" the ground buildings and cross the Yangtze River levee.
4. Strong water permeability. Both sides of the tunnel are mostly silty strata. Once infiltrated, the consequences are unimaginable;
5, long-distance tunneling, due to geological changes, the shield machine must successfully cross more than 2500 meters at one time.
overcome difficulties
The geological conditions at the bottom of the Yangtze River in Wuhan are complex, including clay, silt, silt, pebbles, rocks and so on 13 kinds of surrounding rocks. The stratum structure with soft top and hard bottom is the "natural enemy" of tunnel excavation. Every construction stage of Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel excavation is almost accompanied by tackling world-class technical problems. The construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel must be carried out in the central city with dense flood control facilities and numerous urban buildings, which also determines the worldwide nature of these problems.
When shield machine excavates underground, it is easy to cause soil settlement and collapse of buildings. During the construction of China Railway Tunnel Consortium, the "air cushion slurry balance technology" was adopted, so that the fluctuation of shield tunneling was very small, the water pressure was kept in balance, and the soil and water settlement was controlled within 3 cm. In view of the fact that the bottom of the Yangtze River in Wuhan is mostly in fine sand stratum, water seepage has become another major difficulty in the construction of the Yangtze River tunnel. China Railway Tunnel Consortium adopts the latest waterproof joint technology and new polymer materials for grouting, which is a precedent in the construction of Yangtze River subsea tunnel. Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel can withstand an earthquake of magnitude 6 and a flood with a return period of 300 years.
bridgework
Main entrance and exit
Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel has two main passages and six ramps. They are the main entrance of the big branch road, the right exit ramp of Hankou Tianjin Road, the right entrance ramp of Shengli Street, Wuchang Youyi Avenue 1 main entrance, 2 right entrance ramps and 2 right exit ramps.
Connecting roads
After crossing the Yangtze River, Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel extends to the northwest, passes through Jiang Yan Road, Shengli Street and Zhongshan Road, and connects with Hankou Branch Road. After crossing the Yangtze River, the tunnel extends to the southeast, crosses Heping Avenue, meets the interchange at Friendship Avenue in Wuchang, and leads to Zhongshan Road and Xudong Street. The tunnel is 3.7 kilometers long and has four lanes in both directions. Vehicles crossing the river in the north of Jiangxi can cross the river from the entrance of Dazhi Road Tunnel, and there is a ramp on the west side of the main line of the tunnel to turn right and enter the tunnel to connect with Shengli Street. Vehicles can enter the tunnel via Nanjing Road and Shengli Street. It is understood that there is also a ramp on the east side of Jiangxi North Tunnel that turns right out of the tunnel and connects with Tianjin Road. Traffic leaves the ground from Tianjin Road and connects with Dongting Street and Jiang Yan Road.
Important significance
Wanli changjiang no.1 tunnel
On February 28th, 1996, 1996, after ten years of planning, the Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel was officially opened to traffic with a total investment of more than 2 billion yuan. Its completion and opening to traffic has made the cross-river traffic in Wuhan form a three-dimensional pattern of water, water and water, created the history of underground river crossing in Wuhan, and realized the century-old dream of the Chinese nation to "tunnel through the Yangtze River".
5 1 years ago, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the first bridge of Wanli Yangtze River, was completed, and the moat became a thoroughfare.
Nearly half a century later, the first tunnel of Wanli Yangtze River was opened, and the cross-river traffic in Wuhan ushered in the "three-dimensional" era of "crossing the river on the bridge, sailing on the river and tunneling under the river". With Governor Li Hongzhong's "opening to traffic" order, the traffic full of Wuhan people's pride and passion slowly entered the tunnel from the entrance near Yujiahu, Friendship Avenue in Wuchang. The motorcade sang and laughed all the way to the exit of Hankou Avenue, and the roadside was already crowded with warmly welcomed citizens. At the same time, the Yangtze River Tunnel from Hankou to Wuchang was also opened to traffic.
Mayor Ruan Chengfa said at the ceremony that the opening of the tunnel has turned a new page in the history of Wuhan's urban traffic construction, which is of great significance for alleviating the pressure of cross-river traffic in our city, speeding up the construction of Wuhan's modern comprehensive traffic system and promoting Wuhan's first rise in the central region.
Suspend traffic pressure
After the opening of the Yangtze River Tunnel, the traffic pressure of the Second Yangtze River Bridge will be relieved, and the single and double-day traffic mode of the Yangtze River Bridge will remain unchanged. According to the plan, the main function of Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel is to undertake passenger traffic between Hankou Central District and Wuchang Central District, balance the traffic flow in the central district, reduce vehicle bypass and improve the traffic environment in the central city. According to the design capacity of the tunnel, the cross-strait road connection scheme and the road traffic situation in Hankou and Wuchang central cities, Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel is expected to divert about 20% of the vehicles crossing the river in Wuhan central city, thus alleviating the traffic pressure of the Second Yangtze River Bridge to some extent. Before the opening of the tunnel, the daily average traffic volume of the river-crossing passage in the central city was about 98,000 vehicles for the Yangtze River Bridge and 6,543.8+0.39 million vehicles for the Second Yangtze River Bridge. The traffic police predicted that after the tunnel was opened to traffic, the daily traffic volume of the river-crossing passage in the central city was about 79,000 vehicles, the second Yangtze River Bridge 1.2 million vehicles and the Yangtze River Tunnel was 53,000 vehicles. Because the traffic pressure of the Yangtze River Bridge is still relatively high, it is necessary to continue to take single and double-day traffic measures to ensure smooth traffic.
With the continuous growth of traffic flow, it is predicted that the traffic flow of the three river-crossing channels will change greatly and the pressure will increase accordingly after the tunnel is opened to traffic for about one year. The traffic police predict that the number of motor vehicles in the city will exceed 1 10,000 in the next few years according to the annual growth rate of 8%. By then, the traffic flow across the river in the central city will reach about 400,000 vehicles, and the daily traffic pressure of the Yangtze River Bridge 1, Bridge 2 and Yangtze River Tunnel will be further increased. The Yangtze River Tunnel can only temporarily relieve the traffic pressure across the river. With the increasing number of motor vehicles, the pressure of crossing the river in the central city will gradually become prominent.
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