The Mausoleum of Zhuan Xu is the cultural ancestor of the Chinese nation. Levin in the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" and Zhuan Xu Mausoleum in Gaoxin Di Ku have a history of more than 4,500 years. Emperor Zhuan Xu and Di Ku made a calendar, fixed their marriage, reformed witchcraft, founded Kyushu, developed agriculture and industry, believed in benefiting the world, and gave birth to Business and Education Week. It can be said that the former inherited Yan Huang, while the latter enlightened Yao and Shun, whose virtue was bathed in the light of Kyushu, and his feats will never go down in history and be admired by Chinese people from generation to generation. In recent years, the number of worshippers has reached one million, and the Mausoleum of Zhuan Xu has become a well-known root-seeking tourist attraction at home and abroad.
Neihuang is a big agricultural county in China, a national ecological demonstration county and an advanced county in science and technology, and is named as "the hometown of red dates in China" by the state. It has a long history, splendid culture, outstanding people and a wealth of things, and is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Known as "the hometown of red dates in China, the holy land of tree roots in China and the ecological home in Zhongzhou". Neihuang is located in the old course of the Yellow River in northern Henan Province. Jujube has a long history of cultivation, and there was a large area of jujube forest as early as 1500 years ago. It's a tribute from emperors of past dynasties. Neihuang County is known as the "hometown of jujube", with a planting area of 450,000 mu and more than 6 million plants, with an annual output of 65.438+0.2 billion Jin of fresh jujube, ranking first in the country. There are 5 1 variety, among which the yield of flat nucleic acid is the largest. Jujube with yellow color is rich in nutrition, containing fruit acid, 18 amino acids, various vitamins and trace elements, of which the content of fruit acid is 1. 13%, which is five times the average content of jujube fruit, and the content of vitamin C is/kloc of citrus. It is a veritable "king of all fruits." Fresh food is sweet and sour, dry food is sweet, and it has the reputation of "natural vitamin pills". Since ancient times, there has been a proverb in China that "three dates a day will never grow old", which is a good health food and a tribute of emperors in previous dynasties. 19 15 was warmly praised when it was exhibited at Panama International Expo, and it was known as "Oriental Agate".
Huangnei is a sacred place for Chinese children to seek their roots and worship their ancestors, a virgin land for literati to touch cultural origins and enlighten their telepathy, and an ideal place for urban upstarts to admire nature, indulge their feelings and return to nature. At present, Neihuang County, as the standardized demonstration base of pollution-free red dates in Henan Province, has produced red dates that meet the pollution-free standards as "green fruits".
In the long history of Neihuang for thousands of years, jujube has played a very important role in politics, economy and life, from eating fruit in ancient times to planting later, from eating goods for kings to welcoming gifts for princes in ancient times, to the Confucian "three gifts" (funeral, burial and sacrifice) supplies, royal sacrifices in Ming and Qing dynasties, and then to conscious large-scale planting with economic development in later generations.
Origin of Neihuang Jujube
Neihuang is located in the old course of the Yellow River, named after the Yellow River, and is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Around 2500 BC, Zhuan Xu Levin, grandson of Xuanyuan Huangdi and son of Changyi, stood in Diqiu (now Dacheng Village, Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County) and was buried in Guangyangli outside Dunqiu Town, Dong Jun County (now Yang Gang Second Mausoleum, Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County). Di Ku Gao Xin, the great grandson of the Yellow Emperor, is the nephew of the Zhuan Xu family. After Zhuan Xu became king, he made his capital in Mili (Mili City, Neihuang County) and was buried in Dunqiu South, Dong Jun County (now the Second Mausoleum of Neihuang County). Zhuan Xu and Erling are located in Tushan Village, seventy miles northeast of hua county. There is a temple in front of the mausoleum, which was built in the fourth year of Tang Taihe. Among the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, the tombs of Zhuan Xu of Levin and Di Ku of Gaoxin stand here, which fully proves the fact that Neihuang is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Yellow, sunny, pleasant climate, fertile land, can grow a variety of crops, the original farming civilization was born here. In primitive society, food was scarce, and yellow dates naturally became an important food for primitive people. According to archaeological discoveries and historical records, jujube has been used as a substitute for millet and a medicine for treating diseases since it was found edible.
About the 5th century BC/kloc-,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established his capital in Mili (the city of Mili in Neihuang) for more than 100 years.
This is the second dynasty of China, Shang Dynasty. During this period, yellow jujube was regarded as a tribute by the royal nobles of Yin Shang Dynasty. Later, the merchants moved their capital to Anyang and Yinxu. Although Neihuang is no longer the capital city, it is still in the core area of Yin Shang rule, guarding the Yin Shang dynasty for 600 years. There is a saying in The Book of Songs, Poetic Style and July that "dates are peeled in August and rice is harvested in October". In Feng Wei, there is a saying that "the garden has thorns, but it is actually food." In Xiaoya, there is a proverb, "camp, stop at the spine." There is a saying in Qin Feng that "crossing a yellow bird stops at a thorn". Spines refer to jujube trees. It can be seen that three thousand years ago, Inner Yellow Jujube has become an important element in Song Ya folk songs and a necessity for princes, nobles and ordinary people.
Not only that, jujube, as an important sacrifice, has also become a sacred thing. "Zhou Li Tianguan is in people" said that "the food is jujube, halogen, peach and hazelnut." According to the book Book of Rites Bride Gifts, dates and chestnuts were presented to the officials in charge of pilgrimage when the ancient princes went on the road to greet them. They are put together with two covered bamboo poles, one with dates in it and the other with chestnuts. The book "Evening Ceremony" says that on the last night before burial, the varieties of sacrifice should be jujube and candied chestnuts. According to Yili's special sacrificial feeding ceremony and Yili Tourism Department, on the first day of each month, the local governor and the following officials-scholars will go to the temple to offer sacrifices. In addition to the prescribed livestock, there are also dates and chestnuts, and whoever puts dates and chestnuts is particular.
During the period of Zhou Wenwang, the status of jujube was further improved. There is a record in Guangwu Zhi Bo: "When Zhou Wenwang was in China, the weak jujube was so beautiful that it was forbidden not to take it away and put it in the tree garden." It can be seen that Neihuang jujube plays an important role in people's minds.
As the origin of jujube, Inner Yellow Jujube played an important role in the slave society in ancient China. Later, after the expansion of the territory of Yin and Shang Dynasties, the replacement of dynasties and the independent spread of the people, Neihuang Jujube and its planting techniques were widely spread to all parts of China. Later, The Warring States Policy Yance I recorded that when Su Qin lobbied the six countries, he said to Yan, "There are benefits from Jieshi and Yanmen in the south and dates and chestnuts in the north. Although the people are not cultivated by the fields, jujube chestnuts are enough to consolidate the people. This is called Tianfu. " This shows that Neihuangzao has become the economic lifeline of northern areas such as Yan State, and it is also one of the bases for emperors to consider the national policy of governing the country and keeping the country safe. The influence of Neihuang jujube can be seen.
Whether it is treating diseases with food or even the Confucian "three rites" (namely, funeral, burial and sacrifice), Inner Yellow Jujube is an indispensable and important element for people's survival and development, and for emperors to govern the country and help the world. It can be said that Neihuang jujube nurtured primitive people in China and gave birth to Chinese civilization. It was not only the origin of jujube cultivation and consumption in China, but also played an important role in the origin and development of Chinese civilization.
Become a tribute of past dynasties
About15th century BC, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty established the capital of Mili (now Mili City in Neihuang), where he lived for more than 100 years. From then on, dates unique to Neihuang were specially supplied to princes and nobles. After the Shang Dynasty moved its capital to Yin Ruins, the royal family did not settle down and could not enjoy the dates, so in the annual harvest season, the yellowed dates were presented to Yin Ruins as a tribute for the princes and nobles to enjoy.
After the demise of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the status of Inner Yellow Jujube did not decrease because of the baptism of war and the change of dynasties, but increased day by day. There is a record in Guangwu Zhi Bo: "When Zhou Wenwang was in China, the weak jujube was so beautiful that it was forbidden not to take it away and put it in the tree garden." Neihuang jujube continues to be offered as a tribute every year. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the princes competed for hegemony, and Zhou Li collapsed. Neihuang Jujube, which was used exclusively for Zhou Wang, was also presented to other princes, and its planting technology was also brought to other areas outside Neihuang. Since then, jujube has been planted in the central plains and northern China, but due to natural conditions, Neihuang jujube is big and sweet, and it is still loved by princes.
In the ninth year of Emperor Gaozu, Neihuang County was established, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne in 14 1 year BC. Because he loves to eat dates, he specially opened up a "Neihuang Jujube Road" to build roads for Neihuang Gongzao. Every year, when Neihuangzao is ripe, special envoys will be sent to select Neihuangzao and supervise the transportation of Neihuangzao into Chang 'an. Every year, the jujube delivery team will stretch for more than ten miles, with great momentum. Therefore, Neihuang jujube is more famous. Later, when Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions to exchange gifts with other countries, Neihuangzao was one of the important gifts. This is probably where the planting technology of jujube was introduced to Xinjiang and other places. After hundreds of years of development, it became a household name in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and even eating dates with inner yellow dates became a status symbol. With the economic prosperity and development, a large number of wealthy businessmen and tycoons have flooded into several important cities in China, such as Luoyang and Chang 'an. Coupled with the inherent nobility, the capital Chang 'an has a huge demand for Inner Yellow Jujube. Every year when Huangzao arrives in Chang 'an, people will wait at the gate of Chang 'an, so the government has to send troops to maintain order. The supply of jujube is in short supply, and it is hard to find a jujube in Beijing.
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, with the continuous development of maritime trade, China's rich things were used in trade, and Inner Yellow Jujube was a treasure in trade. Merchants from all walks of life rushed to buy Inner Yellow Jujube. What's more, because some merchants can't buy inner yellow dates, they use other dates instead to make huge profits. To this end, the Yuan Dynasty set up a shipping company to regulate maritime trade, and strictly investigated the merchants selling fake Zizyphus jujuba, thus protecting the reputation of Zizyphus jujuba. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West. Jujube, as an exchange gift, is widely circulated overseas. Most countries have never heard of jujube and call it a treasure. Since then, Neihuangzao has enjoyed a worldwide reputation.
Boiled jujube tea
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the continuous development and improvement of planting techniques, the output of Neihuang jujube increased day by day, and people's eating methods of jujube also changed greatly. Some people dry dates and make them into dried dates, which can be eaten all year round; Some people put dates and rice noodles together to make jujube cakes; Some people put dates in a pot and cook them into tea as a daily drink. In the early years of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (AD 608), there was a girl named Yanmei in Neihuang. Born beautiful, she got a strange disease for no reason. Originally a peach-blossom woman, she became pale, festering and stinking. She sought medical treatment in many places and could not be cured. Until one night, the fairy Rhoda took her to have a dream, and chose good dates, cassia twigs, white melon seeds, pine bark and so on. Grinding into powder, boiling in water and making tea for girls to drink for 749 days. Forty-nine days later, a miracle appeared. The girl has not only recovered her beauty, but is even more watery than before she got sick. Not only did she smell nothing, but she also gave off a burst of fragrance. People called her "Xiang Nv" from now on. After a while, "Xiang Nv" disappeared into the mountains. Some people say that she met the big fairy who gave her a dream, went to heaven with the big fairy and became a fairy.
Later, the legend of "Xiangnv" was widely circulated, and the reputation of jujube tea became more and more famous. Neihuang people boil their own dates into tea for young women at home to drink. Over time, the woman with yellow inside has fair skin and rosy complexion. Since then, it has become a fashion to cook jujube tea with inner yellow dates. Everyone set up a stove and stayed up all night. Three or five years later, many people added precious Chinese herbal medicines to the cooking process, and the jujube tea boiled with Inner Yellow Jujube became more sweet and rich, and the jujube tea boiled with Inner Yellow Jujube gradually entered the market from every household, including jujube tea named after the legendary Yanmei, a "Xiangnv". It is said that this jujube tea was brewed by the descendants of Yanmei. With the high society's pursuit of Inner Yellow Jujube, folk jujube tea was gradually known to the emperor. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, likes to eat inner yellow dates. In order to drink delicious and authentic Yanmei jujube tea, he specially sent people to Neihuang to select excellent jujube tea makers to cook jujube tea for the emperor. In order to show the emperor's supremacy in the four seas, these selected chefs are not allowed to leave the palace, let alone spread the process of cooking jujube tea. These chefs enjoy the same treatment as doctors, and their cooking skills are passed down from mouth to mouth.
More and more lonely
Neihuang jujube tea experienced thousands of years of glory since Shang and Zhou dynasties, and finally suffered a blow in the late Qing Dynasty. In the looting of western powers, the important instruments needed for cooking jujube tea were damaged and destroyed, and many technicians were on the run. On the verge of collapse, the Qing government was unable to support the huge palace expenses, so it dismissed the technicians handed down from generation to generation in the palace. In troubled times, people's lives are still difficult, and jujube tea has been forgotten. Many technicians have to change careers in order to support their families, and the skill of cooking jujube tea has been gradually ignored, which has dealt a great blow to its inheritance.
However, even in such a dark age, we still can't hide the brilliance of our inner dates. When 19 15 was exhibited in Panama International Expo, it was warmly praised and won the silver award, and was called "Oriental Agate".
But there are still some backbone jujube tea technicians with the ideal of protecting the ancestral cooking skills of jujube tea. In troubled times, they never forget the inheritance of jujube tea cooking. They returned to Neihuang County, the hometown of jujube tea, silently guarding this skill that has been passed down for thousands of years.
However, even so, the nightmare of Neihuangzao is not over yet. "Neihuang County Records" contains: "194 1 year, the Japanese army swept through the sand area and cut down more than 65,438+million jujube trees. Villages such as Yanggu and Tuzhen with more jujube trees were almost cut down." Many Neihuang people were slaughtered while protecting jujube trees, including those who passed on the cooking skills of jujube tea. Since then, fewer and fewer people can cook authentic jujube tea.
rediscovery
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the whole country rejoiced, and Neihuang Jujube and its jujube culture finally got rid of the fate of being destroyed step by step. However, because the commodity economy has been in a backward state, Neihuang jujube tea can only be enjoyed privately by every household, and there is no way to go to the market.
However, gold always shines. After the reform and opening-up, Yanmei Group, in order to protect and inherit the jujube culture in Neihuang, convened a dozen remaining inheritors of jujube tea cooking skills in Neihuang, and pushed the traditional skills into the factory to produce delicious "Yanmei jujube tea", which was only sent to the homes of ordinary people by princes and nobles for generations. Yanmei jujube tea won the gold medal of China Health Care Products in the first Health Care Products Expo held in Beijing from 65438 to 0993. 1999, Huangxian County was named as "China Famous Economic Forest ―― Hometown of Jujube" by the State Forestry Administration and China Economic Forest Association. National jujube standardization production and series processing demonstration county, pollution-free jujube standardization base county in Henan Province, and jujube industry leading county in China. In 2008, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine held an expert review meeting on the protection of geographical indication products of "Neihuangzao" in Beijing, attended by leaders and experts from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, China Agricultural University, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, and French Camus Company. After strict examination, the experts attending the meeting thought that Neihuang Jujube had distinct regional characteristics and unique quality characteristics, which met the relevant conditions and requirements of the Regulations on the Protection of Geographical Indications, and agreed to approve the implementation of national geographical indication product protection for Neihuang Jujube. Since then, Neihuang jujube has become a geographical indication protection product.
New clothes on the market
For many years, in order to keep pace with the times and produce high-quality jujube tea that meets people's tastes, Yanmei Group has been cooperating with China Food Fermentation Industry Research Institute to maintain the leading position in jujube tea production technology, perfectly combine traditional technology with modern technology, and constantly introduce and upgrade new products. In recent years, with the continuous development of Internet economy, the market prospect of healthy drinks is increasingly optimistic. The board of directors of Yanmei Group judged the situation and introduced a new package of Yanmei jujube tea-red, black and elegant jujube tea in canned and crystal clear glass bottles. The new packaging is not only beautiful and generous, but also highlights the personalized and formulaic value pursuit of modern people, which has produced great repercussions in the market.
After Yanzhou Coal Group spared no effort to promote the culture of Neihuangzao, Neihuangzao and jujube tea once again became the focus of attention, and after a long trough and dormancy, they once again became the darlings of the times!
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